J/ApJ/833/15 CCPC. II. 2<z<6.6 protocluster candidates (Franck+, 2016)
The Candidate Cluster and Protocluster Catalog (CCPC).
II. Spectroscopically identified structures spanning 2<z<6.6.
Franck J.R., McGaugh S.S.
<Astrophys. J., 833, 15-15 (2016)>
=2016ApJ...833...15F 2016ApJ...833...15F (SIMBAD/NED BibCode)
ADC_Keywords: Clusters, galaxy ; Redshifts
Keywords: galaxies: clusters: general; galaxies: high-redshift
Abstract:
The Candidate Cluster and Protocluster Catalog (CCPC) is a list of
objects at redshifts z>2 composed of galaxies with spectroscopically
confirmed redshifts that are coincident on the sky and in redshift.
These protoclusters are identified by searching for groups in volumes
corresponding to the expected size of the most massive protoclusters
at these redshifts. In CCPC1 we identified 43 candidate protoclusters
among 14000 galaxies between 2.74<z<3.71. Here we expand our search to
more than 40000 galaxies with spectroscopic redshifts z>2.00,
resulting in an additional 173 candidate structures. The most
significant of these are 36 protoclusters with overdensities
δgal>7. We also identify three large proto-supercluster
candidates containing multiple protoclusters at z=2.3, 3.5 and z=6.56.
Eight candidates with N≥10 galaxies are found at redshifts z>4.0. The
last system in the catalog is the most distant spectroscopic
protocluster candidate known to date at z=6.56.
Description:
We have extended the Candidate Cluster and Protocluster Catalog (CCPC)
to redshifts 2<z<6.6 in CCPC2, adding 173 protocluster candidates to
the 43 in CCPC1 (Franck & McGaugh, 2016ApJ...817..158F 2016ApJ...817..158F).
A NASA Extragalactic Database (NED) search was used -- as in CCPC1 --
to compile a list of 47000 galaxies with spectroscopic redshifts
between 2.00<z<10.23. The NED database holds published redshift
uncertainties for 813 of the ∼1400 candidate protocluster galaxies,
with a mean value of σ=0.001.
Nearly 200 sources of spectroscopic measurements were used to identify
candidate clusters (listed in Table 4), although many are concentrated
in a few catalogs.
See section 2 for further explanation on the CCPC catalog construction.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ReadMe 80 . This file
table3.dat 77 173 Candidate Cluster and Protocluster Catalog (CCPC)
- All candidates
table4.dat 57 173 CCPC: member redshift reference list
table5.dat 43 173 CCPC: mass estimates
table6.dat 48 17 CCPC II: Objects of Interest (OOIs)
refs.dat 71 181 References
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See also:
VII/86 : Groups of Galaxies. I. Nearby Groups (Huchra+ 1982)
III/250 : The VIMOS VLT deep survey (VVDS-DEEP) (Le Fevre+ 2005)
J/ApJ/481/673 : HDF flanking fields and related data (Lowenthal+, 1997)
J/ApJS/135/41 : Spectroscopic & photom. redshifts (Fernandez-Soto+, 2001)
J/ApJ/592/728 : Lyman break galaxies at redshift z∼3 (Steidel+, 2003)
J/AJ/126/1183 : Major galaxy mergers at z≲3 (Conselice+, 2003)
J/AJ/127/3121 : TKRS catalog of GOODS-North Field (Wirth+, 2004)
J/AJ/127/3137 : Hawaii redshifts in the ACS-GOODS region (Cowie+, 2004)
J/ApJ/614/671 : Hot, dusty ultraluminous galaxies at z∼2 (Chapman+, 2004)
J/ApJ/614/75 : Lymanα emitting galaxies at z=2.38 (Francis+, 2004)
J/ApJ/616/71 : Optical properties of SCUBA galaxies (Smail+, 2004)
J/A+A/418/885 : The FORS Deep Field Spectroscopic Survey (Noll+, 2004)
J/ApJS/155/271 : CDF-S: Optical spectroscopy (Szokoly+, 2004)
J/MNRAS/371/221 : Deep Chandra survey of Groth Strip II. (Georgakakis+, 2006)
J/ApJ/653/1004 : Galaxies at 1.4≲z≲3.0 in GOODS-North Field (Reddy+, 2006)
J/ApJ/667/79 : Lyα emission-line galaxies at z=3.1 (Gronwall+, 2007)
J/ApJS/172/70 : zCOSMOS-bright catalog (Lilly+, 2007)
J/ApJS/172/523 : COSMOS field Lyα emitters at z∼5.7 (Murayama+, 2007)
J/A+A/461/823 : Candidate Lyα emitting galaxies (Venemans+, 2007)
J/A+A/467/73 : 3σ hard sample of XMDS survey (Tajer+, 2007)
J/A+A/478/83 : GOODS-South Field VLT/FORS2 redshifts III. (Vanzella+, 2008)
J/ApJS/179/1 : The OPTX project: CLANS, CLASXS and CDF-N (Trouille+, 2008)
J/ApJS/179/19 : CDFS survey: 2 Ms source catalogs (Luo+, 2008)
J/ApJ/686/127 : Starbursts luminosities based on PAH (Weedman+, 2008)
J/ApJ/689/687 : GOODS-N spectroscopic survey (Barger+, 2008)
J/MNRAS/392/1539 : Metal absorption systems in pairs of QSOs (Tytler+, 2009)
J/MNRAS/400/299 : Chandra deep protocluster survey (Lehmer+, 2009)
J/ApJ/693/1713 : Spectroscopy of X-ray sources in ECDF-S (Treister+, 2009)
J/ApJ/696/1195 : COSMOS AGN spectroscopic survey. I. (Trump+, 2009)
J/ApJ/716/348 : The XMM-Newton survey of the COSMOS field (Brusa+, 2010)
J/ApJS/191/124 : Opt. spectroscopy of ECDF-S X-ray sources (Silverman+, 2010)
J/A+A/512/A12 : VLT/VIMOS spectrosc. in GOODS-South field (Balestra+, 2010)
J/MNRAS/401/294 : Optical identification of XMM-LSS sources (Stalin+, 2010)
J/MNRAS/405/2302 : Improved redshifts for SDSS quasar spectra (Hewett+, 2010)
J/MNRAS/416/2041 : Hα emitters at z=2.23 (Matsuda+, 2011)
J/ApJ/735/86 : NEWFIRM MBS: photometric catalogs (Whitaker+, 2011)
J/ApJS/192/5 : Emission-line gal. from HETDEX pilot survey (Adams+, 2011)
J/AJ/141/14 : HST WFC3 ERS : emission-line galaxies (Straughn+, 2011)
J/ApJ/760/128 : Lya emission from 4<z<6 COSMOS sources (Mallery+, 2012)
J/MNRAS/423/2436 : CES ultra deep cat. of galaxy structures (Sochting+, 2012)
J/ApJ/769/79 : Spitzer obs. of radio-loud AGNs (CARLA) (Wylezalek+, 2013)
J/ApJ/772/48 : Emission-line galaxies from PEARS. II. (Pirzkal+, 2013)
J/MNRAS/429/3047 : Observational parameters of SMGs programme (Bothwell+, 2013)
J/MNRAS/430/425 : VLT LBG Redshift Survey. III. (Bielby+, 2013)
J/A+A/549/A63 : GMASS photometry (Kurk+, 2013)
J/A+A/559/A2 : Redshifts around MRC 0156-252 (Galametz+, 2013)
J/A+A/572/A41 : VUDS discovery of a high-z protocluster (Lemaux+, 2014)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table3.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1 A1 --- f_Name [B] B: best candidates (most overdense);
column added by CDS from tables 1 and 2
3- 14 A12 --- Name Candidate name
16- 21 F6.2 deg RAdeg Right Ascension in decimal degrees (J2000)
23- 28 F6.2 deg DEdeg Declination in decimal degrees (J2000)
30- 34 F5.3 --- z [1.9/6.6] Median redshift
36- 40 F5.3 --- e_z [0.002/0.03] Uncertainty in z
42- 43 I2 --- o_z [4/46] Number of galaxies used to derive z
45- 46 I2 --- NR10 [1/30] Number of galaxies with 10 comoving Mpc
48- 52 F5.2 --- delgal [0.3/20] Overdensity; see Seciton 2.3.
53 A1 --- u_delgal Highly uncertainty flag on delgal
55- 59 F5.2 --- e_delgal [0.1/21] Uncertainty in delgal
61 A1 --- f_delgal [a] Flag on delgal (1)
63- 67 F5.1 % CProb Cluster probability (2)
69 I1 --- Q [1/3] Spectroscopic rating (3)
71- 77 A7 --- r_delgal Recovered reference code(s) for delgal (4)
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Note (1):
a = Counts of field galaxies were limited to the surface area
of the overdense region.
Note (2): that it will collapse into a cluster by z=0. These probability
distribution functions at the relevant redshifts can be found in
Figure 8 of Chiang+ (2013ApJ...779..127C 2013ApJ...779..127C) from analysis
of protocluster delgal values in the Millennium simulation.
Note (3): Spectroscopic rating of redshifts as identified within NED.
Code as follows:
1 = protocluster has 4 or more member galaxies with no quality
flags raised and thus satisfies our criteria as a candidate structure.
2 = there are 4 or more galaxies that have either no flags or were
identified based on a single line.
3 = a collections of galaxies with redshift flags of a somewhat uncertain
measurement or tentative result.
Note (4): Reference code as follows:
1 = Galametz et al. (2012ApJ...749..169G 2012ApJ...749..169G);
2 = Galametz et al. (2013, J/A+A/559/A2);
3 = Burbidge et al. (1980ApJ...242L..55B 1980ApJ...242L..55B);
4 = Diener et al. (2013ApJ...765..109D 2013ApJ...765..109D);
5 = Yuan et al. (2014ApJ...795L..20Y 2014ApJ...795L..20Y);
6 = Steidel et al. (2005ApJ...626...44S 2005ApJ...626...44S);
7 = Peter et al. (2007ApJ...668...23P 2007ApJ...668...23P);
8 = Gobat et al. (2013ApJ...776....9G 2013ApJ...776....9G);
9 = Pentericci et al. (1997A&A...326..580P 1997A&A...326..580P);
10 = Chiang et al. (2015ApJ...808...37C 2015ApJ...808...37C);
11 = Lemaux et al. (2009ApJ...700...20L 2009ApJ...700...20L);
12 = Davies et al. (2010MNRAS.408L..31D 2010MNRAS.408L..31D);
13 = Sochting et al. (2012, J/MNRAS/423/2436);
14 = Ouchi et al. (2005ApJ...620L...1O 2005ApJ...620L...1O);
15 = Husband et al. (2013MNRAS.432.2869H 2013MNRAS.432.2869H);
16 = Toshikawa et al. (2012ApJ...750..137T 2012ApJ...750..137T);
17 = Lemaux et al. (2014, J/A+A/572/A41);
18 = Venemans et al. (2002ApJ...569L..11V 2002ApJ...569L..11V);
19 = Miley et al. (2004Natur.427...47M 2004Natur.427...47M);
20 = Keel et al. (1999AJ....118.2547K 1999AJ....118.2547K);
21 = Pope et al. (2008ApJ...675.1171P 2008ApJ...675.1171P);
22 = Popesso et al. (2009A&A...494..443P 2009A&A...494..443P);
23 = Gilli et al. (2003ApJ...592..721G 2003ApJ...592..721G).
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table4.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 12 A12 --- Name Candidate Name
14- 57 A44 --- Ref Redshift reference code(s) for Name (7)
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Note (7): Some of the above references have also utilized spectra from the
catalogs of Szokoly+ (2004, J/ApJS/155/271);
Le Fevre+ (2004, J/A+A/428/1043); Vanzella+ (2005, J/A+A/434/53;
2006, J/A+A/454/423); Lilly+ (2007, J/ApJS/172/70);
Vanzella+ (2008, J/A+A/478/83; 2009ApJ...695.1163V 2009ApJ...695.1163V).
See refs.dat file for the reference codes.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table5.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 12 A12 --- Name Candidate Name
14- 16 F3.1 Mpc Re [0.7/5.7] Effective radius
18- 21 I4 km/s sigma [110/1137] Velocity dispersion σ
23- 26 F4.1 10+14Msun Mass [0.1/30] Virial mass estimate (5)
28- 31 F4.2 --- delm [0.1/6.7] Mass overdensity δm (6)
33- 37 I5 Mpc3 Vol [1/18669] Overdensity in comoving volume
39 A1 --- l_OME Limit flag on OME
40- 43 F4.1 10+14Msun OME [0.1/15.5] Overdensity Mass Estimate
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Note (5): The Re sigma values are used to compute a virial mass estimate, with
the caveat that these systems are not expected to be in equilibrium
at the relevant redshifts.
Note (6): We obtain the mass overdensity by assuming galaxies are linearly
biased tracers of mass with a slope of b=3. From this and the
volume contained within the galaxy distribution we can compute an
expected mass of the cluster (Steidel+ 1998ApJ...492..428S 1998ApJ...492..428S). This
assumes that the total volume will collapse into a single halo at z=0.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table6.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1-11 A11 --- Name Candidate name
13-20 F8.4 deg RAdeg [30.1/325.9] Right ascension (J2000)
22-28 F7.3 deg DEdeg [-44.6/42.8] Declination (J2000)
30-33 F4.2 --- [2.2/6.6] Average redshift
35-36 I2 --- o_ [4/19] Number of galaxies used to derive z
38-39 I2 --- NR10 [1/11] Number of galaxies with 10 comoving Mpc
41-44 F4.2 Mpc Re [0.7/5.1] Effective radius
46-48 I3 --- Ref [601/607] Reference code
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: refs.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 3 I3 --- Ref Reference code
5- 23 A19 --- BibCode Bibcode of the reference
25- 49 A25 --- Auth First author's name(s)
51- 71 A21 --- Comm VizieR catalog reference
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
References:
Franck & McGaugh Paper I. 2016ApJ...817..158F 2016ApJ...817..158F
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 10-Mar-2017