J/ApJ/833/281 Candidate rotating M dwarfs from PS1-MDS (Kado-Fong+, 2016)
M dwarf activity in the Pan-STARRS1 medium-deep survey: first catalog and
rotation periods.
Kado-Fong E., Williams P.K.G., Mann A.W., Berger E., Burgett W.S.,
Chambers K.C., Huber M.E., Kaiser N., Kudritzki R.-P., Magnier E.A.,
Rest A., Wainscoat R.J., Waters C.
<Astrophys. J., 833, 281-281 (2016)>
=2016ApJ...833..281K 2016ApJ...833..281K (SIMBAD/NED BibCode)
ADC_Keywords: Photometry, SDSS ; Stars, masses ; Stars, M-type ;
Stars, distances ; Photometry, infrared
Keywords: stars: low-mass; stars: rotation
Abstract:
We report on an ongoing project to investigate activity in the M dwarf
stellar population observed by the Pan-STARRS1 Medium-Deep Survey
(PS1-MDS). Using a custom-built pipeline, we refine an initial sample
of ∼4 million sources in PS1-MDS to a sample of 184148 candidate cool
stars using color cuts. Motivated by the well-known relationship
between rotation and stellar activity, we use a multiband periodogram
analysis and visual vetting to identify 270 sources that are likely
rotating M dwarfs. We derive a new set of polynomials relating M dwarf
PS1 colors to fundamental stellar parameters and use them to estimate
the masses, distances, effective temperatures, and bolometric
luminosities of our sample. We present a catalog containing these
values, our measured rotation periods, and cross-matches to other
surveys. Our final sample spans periods of ≲1-130 days in stars with
estimated effective temperatures of ∼2700-4000K. Twenty-two of our
sources have X-ray cross-matches, and they are found to be relatively
X-ray bright as would be expected from selection effects. Our data set
provides evidence that Kepler-based searches have not been sensitive
to very slowly rotating stars (Prot≳70 day), implying that the
observed emergence of very slow rotators in studies of low-mass stars
may be a systematic effect. We also see a lack of low-amplitude (<2%)
variability in objects with intermediate (10-40 day) rotation periods,
which, considered in conjunction with other observational results, may
be a signpost of a loss of magnetic complexity associated with a phase
of rapid spin-down in intermediate-age M dwarfs. This work represents
just a first step in exploring stellar variability in data from the
PS1-MDS and, in the farther future, Large Synoptic Survey Telescope.
Description:
The Pan-STARRS1 Medium-Deep Survey (PS1-MDS) was performed on the 1.8m
Pan-STARRS1 telescope situated on Mount Haleakala, Hawai'i, equipped
with five broadband filters, (grizy)P1. The PS1 filters are similar
to those used in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS), but include a
yP1 filter (λeff∼9600Å), a bluer cutoff in the z band
(Δλ∼1000Å rather than 1400Å), a 200Å redder
cutoff in the g band, and no u band.
We identified candidate cool dwarfs using color cuts as described in
section 2.4. We searched for periodic variations in the light curves
of our candidate cool stars using the multiband extension of the
Lomb-Scargle periodogram introduced by VanderPlas & Ivezic
(2015ApJ...812...18V 2015ApJ...812...18V); see section 3.
We list the confirmed rotators in Table 3.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table3.dat 161 270 Candidate rotating M dwarfs
table7.dat 601 270 Cross-matches and photometry
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See also:
B/denis : The DENIS database (DENIS Consortium, 2005)
II/328 : AllWISE Data Release (Cutri+ 2013)
V/139 : The SDSS Photometric Catalog, Release 9 (Adelman-McCarthy+, 2012)
II/319 : UKIDSS-DR9 LAS, GCS and DXS Surveys (Lawrence+ 2012)
II/246 : 2MASS All-Sky Catalog of Point Sources (Cutri+ 2003)
J/ApJ/823/59 : WISE and 2MASS photometry of M giant stars (Li+, 2016)
J/ApJ/821/93 : Rotation + Galactic kinematics of mid M dwarfs (Newton+, 2016)
J/ApJ/818/153 : MEarth photometry: nearby M-dwarf magnitudes (Dittmann+, 2016)
J/ApJ/804/64 : Empirical and model parameters of 183 M dwarfs (Mann+, 2015)
J/ApJ/795/44 : PS1 SNe Ia (0.02<z<0.7) griz light curves (Rest+, 2014)
J/ApJS/211/24 : Rotation periods of Kepler MS stars (McQuillan+, 2014)
J/ApJS/208/9 : Intrinsic colors and temperatures of PMS stars (Pecaut+, 2013)
J/MNRAS/432/1203 : Rotation periods of M-dwarf stars (McQuillan+, 2013)
J/ApJ/767/95 : Improved parameters of smallest KIC stars (Dressing+, 2013)
J/ApJ/750/99 : The Pan-STARRS1 photometric system (Tonry+, 2012)
J/ApJ/743/48 : Stellar rotation periods & X-ray luminosities (Wright+, 2011)
J/ApJ/733/115 : Rotation periods and membership in M34 (Meibom+, 2011)
J/A+A/397/147 : Activity-rotation relationship in stars (Pizzolato+ 2003)
J/A+AS/135/133 : First DENIS I-band extragalactic catalog (Vauglin+ 1999)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table3.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 25 A25 --- Name Preferred name
27 A1 --- f_Name [x] x:Rotators with archival X-ray detections
(from table 5; column added by CDS)
29- 33 F5.2 mag zPS1 [15.3/20.6] z PS1 band magnitude
36- 39 F4.2 mag e_zPS1 [0.03/0.06] Uncertainty on zPS1
41- 44 F4.2 mag (g-r)PS1 [0.9/1.4]? (g-r) PS1 color index (1)
47- 50 F4.2 mag e_(g-r)PS1 [0.05/0.2]? Uncertainty on (g-r)PS1
52- 55 F4.2 mag (r-i)PS1 [0.5/2.6]? (r-i) PS1 color index (1)
58- 61 F4.2 mag e_(r-i)PS1 [0.05/0.2]? Uncertainty on (r-i)PS1
63- 66 F4.2 mag (i-z)PS1 [0.2/1.4]? (i-z) PS1 color index (1)
69- 72 F4.2 mag e_(i-z)PS1 [0.05/0.2]? Uncertainty on (i-z)PS1
74- 77 F4.2 mag (z-y)PS1 [0.1/0.8]? (z-y) PS1 color index (1)
80- 83 F4.2 mag e_(z-y)PS1 [0.05/0.07]? Uncertainty on (z-y)PS1
85- 88 I4 K Teff [2724/3993] Estimated stellar
effective temperature (2)
91- 92 I2 K e_Teff [75/88] Uncertainty on Teff
94- 97 F4.2 Msun Mass [0.08/0.8] Estimated stellar mass (2)
100-103 F4.2 Msun e_Mass [0.01/0.2] Uncertainty on Mass
105-108 I4 pc Dist [90/2020] Estimated stellar distance
111-113 I3 pc e_Dist [17/388] Uncertainty on Dist
115-119 F5.2 [Lsun] logLb [-3.2/-1] Log estimated stellar bolometric
luminosity (2)
122-125 F4.2 [Lsun] e_logLb [0.1/0.2] Uncertainty on logLb
127 I1 --- G? [0/2]? Flag for possible giant rather than
dwarf (3)
129-137 F9.5 d Per [0.7/130] Periodogram-derived rotation period
140-146 F7.5 d e_Per [0/5.8] Uncertainty on Per
148-152 F5.3 --- Amp [0.01/0.2] Semi-amplitude of periodic flux
variations
154-158 F5.2 --- Rs [1/17.4] Ratio of highest to second-highest
periodogram peaks (4)
160-161 I2 --- R80 [9/73] Ratio of highest peak to 80th
percentile periodogram power level (4)
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Note (1): A missing value may indicate that the the deep photometric extraction
failed due to missing data or an inability to determine the absolute
photometric calibration.
Note (2): Estimated from colors as described in Appendix A.
Note (3): Classification as potential giant by criteria given in Equation 1
of Li et al. (2016, J/ApJ/823/59) as follows:
0 = does not meet criteria (not a probable giant);
1 = does meet criteria (is a probable giant);
2 = not enough information to decide.
Note (4): Discussed in Section 3.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table7.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 25 A25 --- Name Preferred name
27- 45 A19 --- SDSS SDSS identifier (JHHMMSS.ss+DDMMSS.s)
47- 65 A19 --- AllWISE AllWISE identifier (JHHMMSS.ss+DDMMSS.s)
67- 83 A17 --- 2MASS 2MASS identifier (JHHMMSSss+DDMMSSs)
85-103 A19 --- ULAS UKIDSS-LAS identifier (JHHMMSS.ss+DDMMSS.s)
105-120 A16 --- DENIS DENIS identifier (JHHMMSS.s+DDMMSS)
122 A1 --- l_gPS1 Limit flag on gPS1
123-127 F5.2 mag gPS1 [17.4/24]? g PS1 band magnitude
130-133 F4.2 mag e_gPS1 [0.03/0.1]? Uncertainty on gPS1
135 A1 --- l_rPS1 Limit flag on rPS1
136-140 F5.2 mag rPS1 [16.4/24.5]? r PS1 band magnitude
143-146 F4.2 mag e_rPS1 [0.03/0.2]? Uncertainty on rPS1
148 A1 --- l_iPS1 Limit flag on iPS1
149-153 F5.2 mag iPS1 [15.8/22] i PS1 band magnitude
156-159 F4.2 mag e_iPS1 [0.03/0.2]? Uncertainty on iPS1
161 A1 --- l_zPS1 Limit flag on zPS1
162-166 F5.2 mag zPS1 [15.3/20.6] z PS1 band magnitude
169-172 F4.2 mag e_zPS1 [0.03/0.06]? Uncertainty on zPS1
174 A1 --- l_yPS1 Limit flag on yPS1
175-179 F5.2 mag yPS1 [15/19.9] y PS1 band magnitude
182-185 F4.2 mag e_yPS1 [0.03/0.05]? Uncertainty on yPS1
187-192 F6.3 mag uSDSS [20.4/26.5]? u SDSS band magnitude
195-199 F5.3 mag e_uSDSS [0.04/1.4]? Uncertainty on uSDSS
201-215 A15 --- f_uSDSS Flags on uSDSS (1)
217-222 F6.3 mag gSDSS [17.9/25.1]? g SDSS band magnitude
225-229 F5.3 mag e_gSDSS [0.006/0.8]? Uncertainty on gSDSS
231-245 A15 --- f_gSDSS Flags on gSDSS (1)
247-252 F6.3 mag rSDSS [16.6/24.2]? r SDSS band magnitude
255-259 F5.3 mag e_rSDSS [0.004/0.5]? Uncertainty on rSDSS
261-275 A15 --- f_rSDSS Flags on rSDSS (1)
277-282 F6.3 mag iSDSS [15.9/22.1]? i SDSS band magnitude
285-289 F5.3 mag e_iSDSS [0.004/0.2]? Uncertainty on iSDSS
291-305 A15 --- f_iSDSS Flags on iSDSS (1)
307-312 F6.3 mag zSDSS [15.2/20.7]? z SDSS band magnitude
315-319 F5.3 mag e_zSDSS [0.005/0.2]? Uncertainty on zSDSS
321-335 A15 --- f_zSDSS Flags on zSDSS (1)
337-342 F6.3 mag W1 [12.8/17.4]? WISE W1 (3.4um) band magnitude
345-349 F5.3 mag e_W1 [0.02/0.2]? Uncertainty on W1
351-355 F5.2 --- snrW1 [6/48]? S/N of W1 detection
357-362 F6.3 mag W2 [12.6/17.1]? WISE W2 (4.6um) band magnitude
365-369 F5.3 mag e_W2 [0.02/0.5]? Uncertainty on W2
371-375 F5.2 --- snrW2 [0.8/48]? S/N of W2 detection
377-382 F6.3 mag W3 [11.6/13.7]? WISE W3 (12um) band magnitude
385-389 F5.3 mag e_W3 [0.1/0.6]? Uncertainty on W3
391-395 F5.2 --- snrW3 [-2.1/7]? S/N of W3 detection
397-402 F6.3 mag W4 [8.1/10.2]? WISE W4 (22um) band magnitude
405-409 F5.3 mag e_W4 [0.2/0.6]? Uncertainty on W4
411-415 F5.2 --- snrW4 [-3/4]? S/N of W4 detection
417-422 F6.3 mag J2MASS [13.7/17]? J 2MASS band magnitude
425-429 F5.3 mag e_J2MASS [0.02/0.2]? Uncertainty on J2MASS
431 A1 --- q_J2MASS [A-U] Quality flag on J2MASS (2)
433-438 F6.3 mag H2MASS [13.2/16.5]? H 2MASS band magnitude
441-445 F5.3 mag e_H2MASS [0.02/0.3]? Uncertainty on H2MASS
447 A1 --- q_H2MASS [A-U] Quality flag on H2MASS (2)
449-454 F6.3 mag Ks2MASS [12.9/17]? Ks 2MASS band magnitude
457-461 F5.3 mag e_Ks2MASS [0.02/0.3]? Uncertainty on Ks2MASS
463 A1 --- q_Ks2MASS [A-U] Quality flag on Ks2MASS (2)
465-470 F6.3 mag YULAS [14.3/19.4]? Y UKIDSS-LAS band magnitude
473-477 F5.3 mag e_YULAS [0.003/0.2]? Uncertainty on YULAS
479-484 A6 --- f_YULAS Flags on YULAS (3)
486-491 F6.3 mag JULAS [13.7/18.4]? J UKIDSS-LAS band magnitude
494-498 F5.3 mag e_JULAS [0.002/0.1]? Uncertainty on JULAS
500-505 A6 --- f_JULAS Flags on JULAS (3)
507-512 F6.3 mag HULAS [13.2/17.6]? H UKIDSS-LAS band magnitude
515-519 F5.3 mag e_HULAS [0.002/0.08]? Uncertainty on HULAS
521-526 A6 --- f_HULAS Flags on HULAS (3)
528-533 F6.3 mag KULAS [12.9/17.4]? K UKIDSS-LAS band magnitude
536-540 F5.3 mag e_KULAS [0.003/0.1]? Uncertainty on KULAS
542-547 A6 --- f_KULAS Flags on KULAS (3)
549-554 F6.3 mag IDENIS [15.2/18.5]? I DENIS band magnitude
557-561 F5.3 mag e_IDENIS [0.03/0.3]? Uncertainty on IDENIS
563-565 I3 --- q_IDENIS [100]? Quality flag on IDENIS (4)
567-572 F6.3 mag JDENIS [13.8/16.5]? J DENIS band magnitude
575-579 F5.3 mag e_JDENIS [0.1/0.3]? Uncertainty on JDENIS
581-583 I3 --- q_JDENIS [90/100]? Quality flag on JDENIS (4)
585-590 F6.3 mag KDENIS [13/14]? Ks DENIS band magnitude
593-597 F5.3 mag e_KDENIS [0.1/0.6]? Uncertainty on KDENIS
599-601 I3 --- q_KDENIS [100]? Quality flag on KDENIS (4)
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Note (1): Quality flags propagated from the SDSS DR9 catalog
(Ahn+ 2012, V/139)
Note (2): Quality flags propagated from 2MASS as follows:
U = Upper limit on magnitude. Source is not detected in this band, or it is
detected, but not resolved in a consistent fashion with other bands.
A = Detections in any brightness regime where valid measurements were made
with [jhk]snr>10 AND [jhk]cmsig<0.10857.
B = Detections in any brightness regime where valid measurements were made
with [jhk]snr>7 AND [jhk]cmsig<0.15510.
C = Detections in any brightness regime where valid measurements were made
with [jhk]snr>5 AND [jhk]cmsig<0.21714.
D = Detections in any brightness regime where valid measurements were made
with no [jhk]snr OR [jhk]cmsig requirement.
See Note (5) in Cat. II/246
Note (3): Quality flags propagated from the UKIDSS Large Area Survey
catalog (Lawrence+ 2007MNRAS.379.1599L 2007MNRAS.379.1599L, see II/319)
Note (4): Quality flags propagated from the third (2005 September)
release of the Deep Near-IR Survey of the Southern Sky (DENIS;
Vauglin+ 1999A&AS..135..133V 1999A&AS..135..133V, see B/denis).
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 12-May-2017