J/ApJ/839/92 Praesepe members with K2 light curve data (Rebull+, 2017)
Rotation of late-type stars in Praesepe with K2.
Rebull L.M., Stauffer J.R., Hillenbrand L.A., Cody A.M., Bouvier J.,
Soderblom D.R., Pinsonneault M., Hebb L.
<Astrophys. J., 839, 92 (2017)>
=2017ApJ...839...92R 2017ApJ...839...92R
ADC_Keywords: Stars, variable ; Photometry ; Radial velocities ; Clusters, open
Keywords: stars: rotation ; stars: variables: general
Abstract:
We have Fourier-analyzed 941 K2 light curves (LCs) of likely members
of Praesepe, measuring periods for 86% and increasing the number of
rotation periods (P) by nearly a factor of four. The distribution of P
versus (V-Ks), a mass proxy, has three different regimes: (V-Ks)<1.3,
where the rotation rate rapidly slows as mass decreases;
1.3<(V-Ks)<4.5, where the rotation rate slows more gradually as mass
decreases; and (V-Ks)>4.5, where the rotation rate rapidly increases
as mass decreases. In this last regime, there is a bimodal
distribution of periods, with few between ∼2 and ∼10 days. We
interpret this to mean that once M stars start to slow down, they do
so rapidly. The K2 period-color distribution in Praesepe (∼790Myr) is
much different than that in the Pleiades (∼125Myr) for late F, G, K,
and early-M stars; the overall distribution moves to longer periods
and is better described by two line segments. For mid-M stars, the
relationship has a similarly broad scatter and is steeper in Praesepe.
The diversity of LCs and of periodogram types is similar in the two
clusters; about a quarter of the periodic stars in both clusters have
multiple significant periods. Multi- periodic stars dominate among the
higher masses, starting at a bluer color in Praesepe ((V-Ks)∼1.5) than
in the Pleiades ((V-Ks)∼2.6). In Praesepe, there are relatively more
LCs that have two widely separated periods, ΔP>6days. Some of
these could be examples of M star binaries where one star has spun
down but the other has not.
Description:
Praesepe members and candidate members were observed in K2 Campaign 5,
which lasted for 75 days between 2015 April and October.
We obtained high resolution spectra for several of the anomalously
slowly rotating stars and all of the objects with odd light curves
(Section 4.3) using the Keck HIRES spectrograph. The observations were
taken on one of 2016 October 14, December 22, December 26, or 2017
January 13, UT, and cover the wavelength range roughly 4800-9200Å
at a spectral resolution of R∼45000.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ReadMe 80 . This file
table1.dat 160 941 Periods and supporting data for Praesepe members
with K2 light curves
table4.dat 189 12 Likely eclipsing binaries or planets
table5.dat 283 37 Binaries in the literature
table6.dat 67 31 Timescales
table7.dat 223 18 Likely pulsators
table8.dat 176 41 Non-members
table9.dat 188 26 Fast outliers in the P vs. (V-Ks) plot
table10.dat 240 25 Slow outliers in the P versus (V-Ks) plot
table11.dat 221 6 Outer halo of cluster
table12.dat 110 13 Objects with new Keck spectra
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See also:
I/311 : Hipparcos, the New Reduction (van Leeuwen, 2007)
I/329 : URAT1 Catalog (Zacharias+ 2015)
VII/233 : The 2MASS Extended sources (IPAC/UMass, 2003-2006)
J/A+A/331/81 : Hyades membership (Perryman+ 1998)
J/A+A/361/1011 : F-K evolved stars CaII activity & rotation (Pasquini+, 2000)
J/AJ/124/1570 : JHKs photometry in Praesepe (Adams+, 2002)
J/AJ/134/2340 : Membership of Praesepe & Coma Berenices (Kraus+, 2007)
J/A+A/489/403 : Line abundances for solar stars (Pace+, 2008)
J/A+A/498/949 : Vel. of 1253 F-K dwarfs in open clusters (Mermilliod+, 2009)
J/MNRAS/408/2457 : Low-mass stars and brown dwarfs in Praesepe (Baker+, 2010)
J/MNRAS/413/2218 : Stellar rotation in Hyades and Praesepe (Delorme+, 2011)
J/MNRAS/426/3419 : UKIDSS GCS Praesepe members (Boudreault+, 2012)
J/MNRAS/434/3236 : Masses of Praesepe members (Khalaj+, 2013)
J/MNRAS/432/1203 : Rotation periods of M-dwarf stars (McQuillan+, 2013)
J/ApJ/795/161 : Activity & rotation in Praesepe & Hyades (Douglas+, 2014)
J/MNRAS/442/2081 : Praesepe members light curves (Kovacs+, 2014)
J/ApJ/784/57 : Photometry and proper motions in Praesepe (Wang+, 2014)
J/ApJ/833/281 : Candidate rotating M dwarfs from PS1-MDS (Kado-Fong+, 2016)
J/ApJ/821/93 : Rotation & kinematics of mid M dwarfs (Newton+, 2016)
J/AJ/152/113 : Pleiades members with K2 LCs. I. Periods (Rebull+, 2016)
J/AJ/152/114 : Pleiades members with K2 light curves. II. (Rebull+, 2016)
J/AJ/152/115 : Pleiades members with K2 LCs. III. (Stauffer+, 2016)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 9 I9 --- EPIC Ecliptic Plane Input Catalog identifier
11- 12 I2 h RAh Hour of Right Ascension (J2000)
14- 15 I2 min RAm Minute of Right Ascension (J2000)
17- 21 F5.2 s RAs Second of Right Ascension (J2000)
23 A1 --- DE- Sign of the Declination (J2000)
24- 25 I2 deg DEd Degree of Declination (J2000)
27- 28 I2 arcmin DEm Arcminute of Declination (J2000)
30- 33 F4.1 arcsec DEs Arcsecond of Declination (J2000)
35- 64 A30 --- OName Other identifier
66- 70 F5.2 mag Vmag [6.7/18.5]? Apparent V band Vega magnitude (1)
72- 76 F5.2 mag Ksmag [6/15.4]? Apparent Ks band Vega magnitude (1)
78- 81 F4.2 mag V-Ks [0.3/7.8]? The (V-Ks) color index (2)
83- 89 F7.4 d PPer [0.04/34.3]? Primary period taken to be
the rotation period
91- 97 F7.4 d SPer [0.04/24.6]? Secondary period
99-105 F7.4 d TPer [0.04/16.4]? Tertiary period
107-112 F6.4 d QPer [0.05/2.7]? Quaternary period
114-118 F5.3 d LC [0/0.3]? LC used as best (4)
120-128 A9 --- S/M Single or multi-period star indicator (5)
130-132 A3 --- DD Double-dip LC indicator (163 "yes")
134-136 A3 --- DDmov Moving double-dip LC indicator (121 "yes")
138-140 A3 --- Shch Shape changer indicator (297 "yes")
142-144 A3 --- Beat Full LC has beating visible indicator
(77 "yes") (6)
146-148 A3 --- CPeak Complex, structured peak and/or
wide peak indicator (68 "yes") (6)
150-152 A3 --- Close Resolved close periods indicator (68 "yes") (6)
154-156 A3 --- Res Resolved distant periods indicator (71 "yes") (6)
158-160 A3 --- Pul Pulsator indicator (17 "yes") (6)
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Note (1): Blank if not observed.
Note (2): As directly observed (if Vmag and Ksmag exist), or as inferred
(see text).
Note (4): See section 2.1 for more explanations on the sets of LCs.
LC1 = pre-search data conditioning (PDC), from MAST;
LC2 = version following Cody et al., 2017, in prep;
LC3 = version following Aigrain+ (2015MNRAS.447.2880A 2015MNRAS.447.2880A, 2016MNRAS.459.2408A 2016MNRAS.459.2408A);
LC4 = version reduced by Vanderburg & Johnson (2014PASP..126..948V 2014PASP..126..948V) and
downloaded from MAST;
LC5 = version reduced by EVEREST code (Luger+ 2016AJ....152..100L 2016AJ....152..100L) and
downloaded from MAST.
Note (5): If the star has a single period, this column says "single"; if the
star has multiple periods, this column says "multiple"
(164 occurrences); if the star has a timescale instead
(see Appendix C), it says "timescale" (31 occurrences).
Note (6): Based on the power spectrum.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table4.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 9 I9 --- EPIC EPIC number
13- 35 A23 --- OName ? Other name
37- 38 I2 h RAh Hour of right ascension (J2000)
39- 40 I2 min RAm Minute of right ascension (J2000)
41- 45 F5.2 s RAs Second of right ascension (J2000)
46 A1 --- DE- Sign of declination (J2000)
47- 48 I2 deg DEd Degree of declination (J2000)
49- 50 I2 arcmin DEm Arcminute of declination (J2000)
51- 54 F4.1 arcsec DEs Arcsecond of declination (J2000)
56-189 A134 --- Notes ? Notes
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table5.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 3 A3 --- Ref Reference code (1)
5- 13 I9 --- EPIC EPIC designation
15 A1 --- f_EPIC Flag on EPIC (2)
17- 34 A18 --- OName Other name
36- 37 I2 h RAh Hour of right ascension (J2000)
38- 39 I2 min RAm Minute of right ascension (J2000)
40- 44 F5.2 s RAs Second of right ascension (J2000)
45 A1 --- DE- Sign of declination (J2000)
46- 47 I2 deg DEd Degree of declination (J2000)
48- 49 I2 arcmin DEm Arcminute of declination (J2000)
50- 53 F4.1 arcsec DEs Arcsecond of declination (J2000)
55- 80 A26 d Per ? Period(s) from this work
82- 98 A17 --- Per2 ? Period(s) from Ref
100-283 A184 --- Notes ? Notes
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Note (1): Reference as follows:
K14 = Kovacs et al. (2014, J/MNRAS/442/2081)
M09 = Mermilliod et al. (2009, J/A+A/498/949)
M99 = Mermilliod et al. (1999A&A...352..479M 1999A&A...352..479M)
B98 = Barrado et al. (1998ApJ...506..347B 1998ApJ...506..347B)
Note (2): Flag as follows:
a = The period given from Mermilliod+ (2009, J/A+A/498/949) is Porb. The two
periods given from Kovacs+ (2014, J/MNRAS/442/2081) are in the order
Prot, Porb.
b = The same star appears explicitly in Kovacs+ (2014, J/MNRAS/442/2081) and
Mermilliod+ (2009, J/A+A/498/949), as well as
Mermilliod+ (1999A&A...352..479M 1999A&A...352..479M) and Barrado+ (1998ApJ...506..347B 1998ApJ...506..347B).
c = Also appears in Mermilliod+ (1999A&A...352..479M 1999A&A...352..479M).
d = Also appears in Barrado+ (1998ApJ...506..347B 1998ApJ...506..347B).
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table6.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 9 I9 --- EPIC EPIC identifier
11- 12 I2 h RAh Hour of right ascension (J2000)
13- 14 I2 min RAm Minute of right ascension (J2000)
15- 19 F5.2 s RAs Second of right ascension (J2000)
20 A1 --- DE- Sign of declination (J2000)
21- 22 I2 deg DEd Degree of declination (J2000)
23- 24 I2 arcmin DEm Arcminute of declination (J2000)
25- 28 F4.1 arcsec DEs Arcsecond of declination (J2000)
30- 61 A32 --- OName Other name(s)
63 A1 --- u_TS [~] Uncertainty flag on TS
64- 67 F4.1 d TS Timescale
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table[789].dat table10.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 9 I9 --- EPIC EPIC identifier
11- 12 I2 h RAh Hour of right ascension (J2000)
13- 14 I2 min RAm Minute of right ascension (J2000)
15- 19 F5.2 s RAs Second of right ascension (J2000)
20 A1 --- DE- Sign of declination (J2000)
21- 22 I2 deg DEd Degree of declination (J2000)
23- 24 I2 arcmin DEm Arcminute of declination (J2000)
25- 28 F4.1 arcsec DEs Arcsecond of declination (J2000)
30- 60 A31 --- OName Other name
62- 66 F5.3 mag V-Ks [0.4/6.3]? V-Ks color index
68- 97 A30 d Per Period(s)
99-240 A142 --- Notes Notes
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table11.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 9 I9 --- EPIC EPIC identifier
11- 12 I2 h RAh Hour of right ascension (J2000)
13- 14 I2 min RAm Minute of right ascension (J2000)
15- 19 F5.2 s RAs Second of right ascension (J2000)
20 A1 --- DE- Sign of declination (J2000)
21- 22 I2 deg DEd Degree of declination (J2000)
23- 24 I2 arcmin DEm Arcminute of declination (J2000)
25- 28 F4.1 arcsec DEs Arcsecond of declination (J2000)
30- 52 A23 --- OName Other name
54- 65 A12 d Per ? Period(s)
67- 69 F3.1 deg Dist [5/6.4] Distance
71-221 A151 --- Notes Notes
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table12.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 9 I9 --- EPIC EPIC identifier
11- 12 I2 h RAh Hour of right ascension (J2000)
13- 14 I2 min RAm Minute of right ascension (J2000)
15- 19 F5.2 s RAs Second of right ascension (J2000)
20 A1 --- DE- Sign of declination (J2000)
21- 22 I2 deg DEd Degree of declination (J2000)
23- 24 I2 arcmin DEm Arcminute of declination (J2000)
25- 28 F4.1 arcsec DEs Arcsecond of declination (J2000)
30- 52 A23 --- OName Other name
54- 58 F5.2 km/s RV [9/37.1] Radial velocity
60- 63 F4.2 km/s e_RV [0.2/0.5] Radial velocity uncertainty
65- 69 F5.2 km/s RV2 [41.33]? Second value of radial velocity
71- 74 F4.2 km/s e_RV2 [0.39]? RV2 uncertainty
76-110 A35 --- Notes Notes
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
References :
Rebull et al., Paper I. 2016AJ....152..113R 2016AJ....152..113R, Cat. J/AJ/152/113
Rebull et al., Paper II. 2016AJ....152..114R 2016AJ....152..114R, Cat. J/AJ/152/114
Stauffer et al., Paper III. 2016AJ....152..115S 2016AJ....152..115S, Cat. J/AJ/152/115
Rebull et al., Paper V. 2018AJ....155..196R 2018AJ....155..196R
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 24-Nov-2017