J/ApJ/844/38 MHOs toward 22 regions with H2 fluxes (Wolf-Chase+, 2017)
MHOs toward HMOs: a search for Molecular Hydrogen emission-Line Objects toward
High-Mass Outflows.
Wolf-Chase G., Arvidsson K., Smutko M.
<Astrophys. J., 844, 38 (2017)>
=2017ApJ...844...38W 2017ApJ...844...38W
ADC_Keywords: Photometry, infrared ; H II regions ; Interstellar medium ; YSOs
Keywords: ISM: jets and outflows; stars: formation; stars: massive;
stars: pre-main sequence; stars: protostars
Abstract:
We present the results of a narrow-band near-infrared imaging survey
for Molecular Hydrogen emission-line Objects (MHOs) toward 26 regions
containing high-mass protostellar candidates and massive molecular
outflows. We have detected a total of 236 MHOs, 156 of which are new
detections, in 22 out of the 26 regions. We use
H22.12µm/H22.25µm flux ratios, together with morphology, to
separate the signatures of fluorescence associated with photo-
dissociation regions (PDRs) from shocks associated with outflows in
order to identify the MHOs. PDRs have typical low flux ratios of
∼1.5-3, while the vast majority of MHOs display flux ratios typical of
C-type shocks (∼6-20). A few MHOs exhibit flux ratios consistent with
expected values for J-type shocks (∼3-4), but these are located in
regions that may be contaminated with fluorescent emission. Some
previously reported MHOs have low flux ratios, and are likely parts of
PDRs rather than shocks indicative of outflows. We identify a total of
36 outflows across the 22 target regions where MHOs were detected. In
over half these regions, MHO arrangements and fluorescent structures
trace features present in CO outflow maps, suggesting that the CO
emission traces a combination of dynamical effects, which may include
gas entrained in expanding PDRs as well as bipolar outflows. Where
possible, we link MHO complexes to distinct outflows and identify
candidate driving sources.
Description:
We obtained H2 2.12um, H2 2.25um, and H2r 2.13um (narrow-band
continuum) images of 26 regions thought to contain massive YSOs, using
the Near-infrared Camera and Fabry-Perot Spectrometer (NICFPS) on the
Astrophysical Research Consortium (ARC) 3.5m telescope at the Apache
Point Observatory (APO) in Sunspot, NM.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . this file
table1.dat 89 78 Observation log of the 26 regions
table2.dat 94 41 Source detections and associations with massive
star formation in the 26 regions
table3.dat 233 237 Molecular Hydrogen emission-line Objects (MHOs)
and fluxes in 22 regions
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See also:
II/125 : IRAS catalogue of Point Sources, Version 2.0 (IPAC 1986)
J/ApJS/91/659 : Ultracompact HII regions radio images (Kurtz+ 1994)
J/A+A/308/573 : Ammonia on YSOs IRAS sources (Molinari+ 1996)
J/A+AS/132/211 : Interstellar SiO sources (Harju+ 1998)
J/A+A/336/339 : VLA obs. of ultracompact HII regions (Molinari+, 1998)
J/AJ/117/446 : AFGL 5157 near-IR imaging (Chen+, 1999)
J/ApJ/629/288 : Infrared sources near AFGL 5142 (Chen+, 2005)
J/ApJ/649/759 : Bubbles in the galactic disk (Churchwell+, 2006)
J/A+A/481/345 : SED evolution in massive YSOs (Molinari+, 2008)
J/A+A/511/A24 : MHO Catalogue (Davis+, 2010)
J/A+A/510/A5 : CO(2-1) maps of IRAS 00117+6412 (Palau+, 2010)
J/MNRAS/404/661 : Young stellar outflows near-IR imaging (Varricatt+ 2010)
J/MNRAS/418/1994 : GM 2-4 H2 emission-line objects (Khanzadyan+, 2011)
J/ApJS/208/11 : Red MSX Source Survey: massive protostars (Lumsden+, 2013)
J/ApJS/212/1 : The WISE catalog of Galactic HII regions (Anderson+, 2014)
J/ApJ/784/111 : Cand. intermediate-mass SFRs morphology (Lundquist+, 2014)
J/ApJ/799/153 : Yellowballs in Milky Way project (Kerton+, 2015)
J/ApJ/827/96 : WISE census of YSOs in Canis Major (Fischer+, 2016)
J/MNRAS/462/1444 : MHO catalogue for Cassiopeia and Auriga (Froebrich+, 2016)
http://astro.kent.ac.uk/~df/MHCat/ : MHO online catalogue
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 10 A10 --- IRAS IRAS designation (HHMMm+DDMM, B1950)
12- 14 I3 --- Mol [2/160] Molinari number (G1)
16- 17 I2 h RAh Center position: hour of RA (J2000)
19- 20 I2 min RAm Center position: minute of RA (J2000)
22- 25 F4.1 s RAs Center position: second of RA (J2000)
27 A1 --- DE- Center position: sign of DE (J2000)
28- 29 I2 deg DEd Center position: degree of DE (J2000)
31- 32 I2 arcmin DEm Center position: arcminute of DE (J2000)
34- 35 I2 arcsec DEs Center position: arcsecond of DE (J2000)
37- 51 A15 --- Filter Filter
53- 79 A27 --- Date UT date(s) of observation (YYMMDD)
81- 84 I4 s Exp [1200/5400]? Total exposure time
86- 89 F4.2 arcsec FWHM [0.7/1.5]? Resolution
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table2.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 10 A10 --- IRAS IRAS designation (HHMMm+DDMM, B1950)
12- 14 I3 --- Mol [2/160] Molinari number (G1)
16- 18 A3 --- f_Mol Flag on target (1)
20- 24 A5 --- Type Type (2)
26- 29 A4 --- MHOs? [Y/N ] Whether a targeted region contains MHOs
31- 34 A4 --- Col? [Y/N ] Collimated outflow(s) identified?
36- 50 A15 --- [ABB2014] WISE name (GLLL.lll+BB.bbb) (3)
52- 55 A4 --- HII HII type (4)
57- 74 A18 --- RMS MSX name (GLLL.llll+BB.bbbbA) (5)
76- 94 A19 --- Cl RMS type (5)
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Note (1): Flag as follows:
* = target were included in a near-infrared imaging survey conducted by
Varricatt+ (2010, J/MNRAS/404/661).
c = G077.4622+01.7600A is coincident with core C and anomalous H2 emission
reported by Wolf-Chase+ (2013ApJ...762...87W 2013ApJ...762...87W) and a deeply embedded
source reported by Yao+ (2000ApJ...542..392Y 2000ApJ...542..392Y).
d = Bipolar, but very compact, MHOs about Mol 160 A
(Wolf-Chase+ 2012ApJ...745..116W 2012ApJ...745..116W).
Note (2): Refers to objects that have IRAS colors similar to ultra-compact (UC)
HII regions (H: high) and redder colors (L: low)
(Wood & Churchwell 1989ApJ...340..265W 1989ApJ...340..265W ; Palla+ 1991A&A...246..249P 1991A&A...246..249P).
The designation (UC) indicates a candidate UC HII region based on the
detection of centimeter-radio continuum emission at levels >1mJy
within 40" of the IRAS position (Kurtz+ 1994, J/ApJS/91/659 ;
Molinari+ 1998, J/A+A/336/339 ; Palau+ 2010, J/A+A/510/A5 ;
Gomez-Ruiz+ 2016ApJS..222...18G 2016ApJS..222...18G).
Note (3): Entries are from the WISE catalog of Galactic HII regions
(Anderson+ 2014, J/ApJS/212/1 ;
<[ABB2014] WISE GLLL.lll+BB.bbb> in Simbad).
Note (4): Classifications (Anderson+ 2014, J/ApJS/212/1) indicate known (K),
grouped (G), and candidate (C) HII regions, and radio-quiet (Q)
objects.
Note (5): Red Midcourse Space Experiment (MSX: Egan+ 2003, V/114) Source
catalog (RMS: Lumsden+ 2013, J/ApJS/208/11) located within each
targeted region and their type.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table3.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 10 A10 --- IRAS IRAS designation
14- 16 I3 --- Mol [2/160] Molinari number (G1)
19- 25 A7 --- MHO MHO identifier
27- 28 I2 h RAh Right Ascension hours (J2000)
30- 31 I2 min RAm Right Ascension minutes (J2000)
33- 34 I2 s RAs Right Ascension seconds (J2000)
36 A1 --- DE- Sign of declination (J2000)
37- 38 I2 deg DEd Declination degrees (J2000)
40- 41 I2 arcmin DEm Declination arcmin (J2000)
43- 44 I2 arcsec DEs Declination arcsec (J2000)
46- 51 F6.3 10-10sr Area [0.2/46.3]? Area of MHO region
53- 59 F7.3 10-18W/m2 F2.12 [0.3/825]? NICFPS flux in 2.12um band
61- 66 F6.3 10-18W/m2 e_F2.12 [0.03/54]? Error in F2.12
68- 73 F6.2 10-18W/m2 F2.25 [0.1/138]? NICFPS flux in 2.25um band
75- 78 F4.2 10-18W/m2 e_F2.25 [0.04/10]? Error in F2.25
80 A1 --- l_F2.12/F2.25 Limit flag on F2.12/F2.25
82- 87 F6.3 --- F2.12/F2.25 [1/85]? Ratio of 2.12 to 2.25um fluxes
89- 92 F4.1 --- e_F2.12/F2.25 [0.1/11]? Error in F2.12/F2.25
94-233 A140 --- Comm Comments on each source (1)
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Note (1): References are as below:
C99 = Chen et al. (1999, J/AJ/117/446);
C03 = Chen et al. (2003A&A...405..655C 2003A&A...405..655C);
C05 = Chen et al. (2005, J/ApJ/629/288) and references therein;
K11 = Khanzadyan et al. (2011, J/MNRAS/418/1994);
V10 = Varricatt et al. (2010, J/MNRAS/404/661);
W12 = Wolf-Chase et al. (2012ApJ...745..116W 2012ApJ...745..116W);
W13 = Wolf-Chase et al. (2013ApJ...762...87W 2013ApJ...762...87W);
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Global notes:
Note (G1): Molinari+ 1996, J/A+A/308/573 ; 1998, J/A+A/336/339 ;
2000A&A...355..617M 2000A&A...355..617M and 2002ApJ...570..758M 2002ApJ...570..758M
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 02-Mar-2018