J/ApJ/849/63 FIR-mm data of YSOs in star-forming regions (Ribas+, 2017)
Far-infrared to millimeter data of protoplanetary disks: dust growth in the
Taurus, Ophiuchus, and Chamaeleon I star-forming regions.
Ribas A., Espaillat C.C., Macias E., Bouy H., Andrews S., Calvet N.,
Naylor D.A., Riviere-Marichalar P., van der Wiel M.H.D., Wilner D.
<Astrophys. J., 849, 63 (2017)>
=2017ApJ...849...63R 2017ApJ...849...63R
ADC_Keywords: Star Forming Region; Energy distributions; Photometry, infrared;
Photometry, millimetric/submm; YSOs
Keywords: infrared: general ; protoplanetary disks ; stars: pre-main sequence ;
submillimeter: general
Abstract:
Far-infrared and (sub)millimeter fluxes can be used to study dust in
protoplanetary disks, the building blocks of planets. Here, we combine
observations from the Herschel Space Observatory with ancillary data
of 284 protoplanetary disks in the Taurus, Chamaeleon I, and Ophiuchus
star-forming regions, covering from the optical to mm/cm wavelengths.
We analyze their spectral indices as a function of wavelength and
determine their (sub)millimeter slopes when possible. Most disks
display observational evidence of grain growth, in agreement with
previous studies. No correlation is found between other tracers of
disk evolution and the millimeter spectral indices. A simple disk
model is used to fit these sources, and we derive posterior
distributions for the optical depth at 1.3mm and 10au, the disk
temperature at this same radius, and the dust opacity spectral index
β. We find the fluxes at 70µm to correlate strongly with disk
temperatures at 10au, as derived from these simple models. We find
tentative evidence for spectral indices in Chamaeleon I being steeper
than those of disks in Taurus/Ophiuchus, although more millimeter
observations are needed to confirm this trend and identify its
possible origin. Additionally, we determine the median spectral energy
distribution of each region and find them to be similar across the
entire wavelength range studied, possibly due to the large scatter in
disk properties and morphologies.
Description:
We considered the 161 Taurus objects studied by Furlan+
(2011ApJS..195....3F 2011ApJS..195....3F), 134 objects in Ophiuchus in McClure+
(2010ApJS..188...75M 2010ApJS..188...75M), and the 84 objects in Chamaeleon I analyzed in
Manoj+ (2011ApJS..193...11M 2011ApJS..193...11M).
These studies presented and analyzed Spitzer/IRS spectra of these
disks, and performed a detailed study of the properties of their inner
regions.
After analysis (see section 2 for the details), the sample size has
been reduced to 284 YSOs: 154 in Taurus, 70 in Ophiuchus, and 60 in
Chamaeleon I.
We processed a number of scan and cross scan maps available in the
Herschel Science Archive to achieve a satisfactory coverage of the
three regions considered in this study. All of them were obtained by
the Herschel Gould Belt Survey (P.I.: Philippe Andre), except for
one set of observations in Ophiuchus (P.I.: Peter Abraham).
See tables 11-13.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ReadMe 80 . This file
ysos.dat 335 284 *Adopted stellar parameters, millimeter and IR
spectral indices, and 10 micron silicate feature
properties for the sample --
from erratum published in 2020, ApJ, 901, 88
table11.dat 74 35 Summary of Herschel OBSIDs of large maps
table12.dat 74 19 Additional Herschel observations of sources
outside large maps
table13.dat 26 34 SPIRE FTS spectra used (after quality check)
table16.dat 101 39 Objects with nearby sources/extended emission in
Herschel maps
fig11.dat 71 109 Obtained median SEDs for Taurus, Chamaeleon, and
Ophiuchus
SEDs/* . 236 Individual CSV file of the SEDs
IRS_sp/* . 281 Individual CSV file of the Spitzer/IRS spectra
SPIRE_sp/* . 35 Individual CSV file of the Herschel/SPIRE FTS spectra
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Note on ysos.dat: The complete version of Tables 3, 5, 6, and 15 are merged
together in this table.
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See also:
II/297 : AKARI/IRC mid-IR all-sky Survey (ISAS/JAXA, 2010)
VII/233 : The 2MASS Extended sources (IPAC/UMass, 2003-2006)
V/139 : SDSS Photometric Catalog, Release 9 (Adelman-McCarthy+, 2012)
VI/139 : Herschel Observation Log (Herschel Science Centre, 2013)
J/AJ/124/404 : Upper Sco OB association Lithium survey. II. (Preibisch, 2002)
J/ApJ/671/1800 : SCUBA observations of ρ Oph cloud (Andrews+, 2007)
J/ApJ/671/1784 : Ori OB1 IRAC/MIPS observations (Hernandez+, 2007)
J/ApJS/173/104 : Stellar population in Chamaeleon I (Luhman, 2007)
J/ApJ/675/1375 : IRAC/MIPS photometry in Cha I (Luhman+, 2008)
J/ApJS/181/321 : Properties of Spitzer c2d dark clouds (Evans+, 2009)
J/ApJ/703/1964 : Spectra of three nearby star-forming regions (Furlan+, 2009)
J/ApJ/693/L81 : Extinction in star-forming regions (McClure, 2009)
J/A+A/527/A145 : Chamaeleon I 870um sources (Belloche+, 2011)
J/ApJ/733/50 : MIR monitoring of the ONC (Morales-Calderon+, 2011)
J/ApJ/746/154 : Kinematic parallaxes for Sco-Cen members (Pecaut+, 2012)
J/ApJ/771/129 : Submillimetric Class II sources of Taurus (Andrews+, 2013)
J/PASP/125/477 : Gas Survey of Protoplanetary Systems. I. (Dent+, 2013)
J/ApJ/775/63 : Gould's Belt VLA Survey. I. Ophiuchus complex (Dzib+, 2013)
J/ApJS/208/9 : Intrinsic colors and temperatures of PMS stars (Pecaut+, 2013)
J/A+A/581/A30 : Herschel maps of ρ Oph (Rebollido+, 2015)
J/ApJ/831/125 : ALMA 887µm obs. of ChaI star-forming reg. (Pascucci+, 2016)
J/A+A/594/A59 : Far-IR lines in YSOs Herschel-PACS (Riviere-Marichalar+, 2016)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: ysos.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 23 A23 --- Name Source identifier as given in Ref
25- 47 A23 --- File Name of the source as in file designations
49- 58 F10.6 deg RAdeg [63.4/248.1] Right Ascension (J2000)
60- 68 F9.5 deg DEdeg [-78/31] Declination (J2000)
70- 71 I2 h RAh Hour of Right Ascension (J2000)
73- 74 I2 min RAm Minute of Right Ascension (J2000)
76- 81 F6.3 s RAs Second of Right Ascension (J2000)
83 A1 --- DE- Sign of the Declination (J2000)
84- 85 I2 deg DEd Degree of Declination (J2000)
87- 88 I2 arcmin DEm Arcminute of Declination (J2000)
90- 94 F5.2 arcsec DEs Arcsecond of Declination (J2000)
96-100 A5 --- SpT Adopted spectral type as given in Ref
102-106 I5 K Teff [2450/20600] Adopted effective temperature (1)
108-115 E8.2 Lsun L* [0.0009/3590]? Luminosity (2)
117-120 F4.1 mag Av [0/14.8] Adopted visual extinction (3)
122-131 A10 --- Region Corresponding star-forming region
133-151 A19 --- Ref Reference identifier (ADS bibcode)
153-158 I6 mJy F70 [21/140000]? Herschel/PACS 70um flux density
160-164 I5 mJy e_F70 [4/30000]? Uncertainty in F70
166-170 I5 mJy F100 [11/70000]? Herschel/PACS 100um flux density
172-176 I5 mJy e_F100 [2/10000]? Uncertainty in F100
178-182 I5 mJy F160 [60/70000]? Herschel/PACS 160um flux density
184-188 I5 mJy e_F160 [10/10000]? Uncertainty in F160
190-194 I5 mJy F250 [47/39000]? Herschel/SPIRE 250um flux density
196-199 I4 mJy e_F250 [9/8000]? Uncertainty in F250
201-205 I5 mJy F350 [60/24000]? Herschel/SPIRE 350um flux density
207-210 I4 mJy e_F350 [10/5000]? Uncertainty in F350
212-216 I5 mJy F500 [70/12000]? Herschel/SPIRE 500um flux density
218-221 I4 mJy e_F500 [10/2000]? Uncertainty in F500
223-225 F3.1 --- alpha-m [1.5/4.8]? Millimeter spectral index
227-230 F4.2 --- e_alpha-m [0.05/1.2]? Lower uncertainty in alpha-mm
232-235 F4.2 --- E_alpha-m [0.03/0.8]? Upper uncertainty in alpha-mm
237-245 A9 um n_alpha-m Wavelength range used to calculate alpha-mm
247-248 I2 --- o_alpha-m [2/13]? Number of points used to estimate
alpha-mm
250-255 F6.3 --- alpha-I1 [-2.6/3]? The 5-12.9 micron spectral index
257-261 F5.3 --- e_alpha-I1 [0.007/5]? Lower uncertainty in alpha-IR1
263-267 F5.3 --- E_alpha-I1 [0.008/5]? Upper uncertainty in alpha-IR1
269-274 F6.3 --- alpha-I2 [-4.5/5]? The 12.9-31 micron spectral index
276-279 F4.2 --- e_alpha-I2 [0.01/4]? Lower uncertainty in alpha-IR2
281-285 F5.3 --- E_alpha-I2 [0.009/5]? Upper uncertainty in alpha-IR2
287-292 F6.3 --- SiStr [-1.6/2.2]? Estimated silicate feature
strength (4)
294-300 F7.4 --- e_SiStr [0.0002/26.7]? Lower uncertainty in SiStr
302-308 F7.4 --- E_SiStr [0.002/12.8]? Upper uncertainty in SiStr
310-315 F6.3 --- SiSh [0.1/10]? Estimated silicate feature shape (4)
317-322 F6.3 --- e_SiSh [0.008/20]? Lower uncertainty in SiSh
324-329 F6.3 --- E_SiSh [0.008/10]? Upper uncertainty in SiSh
331 A1 --- SPIRE [s] s: SPIRE spectrum available
in SPIRE_sp directory; column added by CDS
333 A1 --- SED [e] e: SED available in SEDs directory;
column added by CDS
335 A1 --- IRS [i] i: IRS spectrum available
in IRS_sp directory; column added by CDS
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Note (1): Obtained using the Pecaut & Mamajek (2013ApJS..208....9F 2013ApJS..208....9F)
SpT-Teff relation.
Note (2): Computed integrating the stellar BT-Settl photosphere
(Allard+ 2012RSPTA.370.2765A 2012RSPTA.370.2765A) with the corresponding
temperature, scaled to J band. A blank indicates a nan value.
Note (3): Computed from values in Ref.
Note (4): See appendix C for details.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table11.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 10 A10 --- Region Star formation region identifier
12- 21 I10 --- ObsId1 [1342190617/1342239280] First Herschel ObsId
23- 32 I10 --- ObsId2 [1342190616/1342239281] Second Herschel ObsId
34 A1 --- f_ObsId [a] Flag on ObsId (1)
36- 55 A20 --- Inst Instrument (PACS or SPIRE) and bands in um
57- 58 I2 h RAh Central hour of right ascension (J2000)
60- 61 I2 min RAm Central minute of right ascension (J2000)
63- 64 I2 s RAs Central second of right ascension (J2000)
66 A1 --- DE- Central sign of declination (J2000)
67- 68 I2 deg DEd Central degree of declination (J2000)
70- 71 I2 arcmin DEm Central arcminute of declination (J2000)
73- 74 I2 arcsec DEs Central arcsecond of declination (J2000)
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Note (1): Obsids 1342202254 (scan), 1342202090 (cross scan 1),
1342190616 (cross scan 2) covered a similar region, but were processed
separately as two sub-maps due to processing limitations, each of them
being one scan + cross scan combination.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table12.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 23 A23 --- Name Star name
25- 34 I10 --- ObsId1 [1342193130/1342243438] First Herschel obsId
36- 45 I10 --- ObsId2 [1342216546/1342243439]? Second Herschel obsId
(for single observation, only ObsId1 is given)
47- 49 I3 um Filt1 First wavelength
51- 53 I3 um Filt2 Second wavelength
55 A1 --- f_Filt2 [a] Flag on Filt2 (1)
57- 58 I2 h RAh Central hour of right ascension (J2000)
60- 61 I2 min RAm Central minute of right ascension (J2000)
63- 64 I2 s RAs Central second of right ascension (J2000)
66 A1 --- DE- Central sign of declination (J2000)
67- 68 I2 deg DEd Central degree of declination (J2000)
70- 71 I2 arcmin DEm Central arcminute of declination (J2000)
73- 74 I2 arcsec DEs Central arcsecond of declination (J2000)
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Note (1): 160 um flux measurements were discarded in the case of CoKu/Tau 4,
due to extended emission.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table13.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 15 A15 --- Name Star name
17- 26 I10 --- ObsId [1342224749/1342265857] Herschel observation ID
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table16.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 10 A10 --- Name Star name
12-101 A90 --- Note Text of the note
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: fig11.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 10 A10 --- Region Star formation region identifier
12- 18 F7.2 um lambda [0.3/3300] Wavelength
20- 28 E9.3 --- b_Fnu [0.004/1.5] The 1st quartile boundary on Fnu (1)
30- 38 E9.3 --- Fnu [0.007/3.3] Median flux density (1)
40- 48 E9.3 --- B_Fnu [0.02/6] The 3rd quartile boundary on Fnu (1)
50- 68 A19 --- n_lambda Band/filter or source for Wave
(Andrews+ 2013, J/ApJ/771/129)
70- 71 I2 --- o_Fnu [5/67] Number of data points used to construct Flux
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Note (1): Normalized to 2MASS J band.
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
12-Nov-2018: Insert into VizieR
01-Oct-2020: ysos.dat modified for 4 object names according to
the erratum published in 2020, ApJ, 901, 88
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 14-Jun-2018