J/ApJ/856/158 The B[e] phenomenon. VII. AS 386 follow-up (Khokhlov+, 2018)
Toward understanding the B[e] phenomenon.
VII. AS 386, a single-lined binary with a candidate black hole component.
Khokhlov S.A., Miroshnichenko A.S., Zharikov S.V., Manset N., Arkharov A.A.,
Efimova N., Klimanov S., Larionov V.M., Kusakin A.V., Kokumbaeva R.I.,
Omarov C.T., Kuratov K.S., Kuratova A.K., Rudy R.J., Laag E.A.,
Crawford K.B., Swift T.K., Puetter R.C., Perry R.B., Chojnowski S.D.,
Agishev A., Caton D.B., Hawkins R.L., Smith A.B., Reichart D.E.,
Kouprianov V.V., Haislip J.B.
<Astrophys. J., 856, 158 (2018)>
=2018ApJ...856..158K 2018ApJ...856..158K
ADC_Keywords: Stars, emission; Photometry, UBV; Photometry, infrared;
Radial velocities; Equivalent widths; Line Profiles
Keywords: binaries: spectroscopic; stars: emission-line, Be;
stars: individual (AS 386)
Abstract:
We report the results of spectroscopic and photometric observations of
the emission-line object AS 386. For the first time we found that it
exhibits the B[e] phenomenon and fits the definition of an FS CMa type
object. The optical spectrum shows the presence of a B-type star with
the following properties: Teff=11000±500K, log L/L☉=3.7±0.3,
a mass of 7±1M☉, and a distance D=2.4±0.3kpc from the Sun.
We detected regular radial velocity variations of both absorption and
emission lines with the following orbital parameters:
Porb=131.27±0.09 days, semiamplitude K1=51.7±3.0km/s, systemic
radial velocity γ=-31.8±2.6km/s, and a mass function of
f(m)=1.9±0.3M☉. AS 386 exhibits irregular variations of the
optical brightness (V=10.92±0.05mag), while the near-IR brightness
varies up to ∼0.3mag following the spectroscopic period. We explain
this behavior by a variable illumination of the dusty disk inner rim
by the B-type component. Doppler tomography based on the orbital
variations of emission-line profiles shows that the material is
distributed near the B-type component and in a circumbinary disk. We
conclude that the system has undergone a strong mass transfer that
created the circumstellar material and increased the B-type component
mass. The absence of any traces of a secondary component, whose mass
should be ≥7M☉, suggests that it is most likely a black hole.
Description:
Optical photometry of the field in the Johnson-Cousins system was
obtained on 12 nights at a 1m telescope of the Tien-Shan Observatory
(TShAO) of the Fesenkov Astrophysical Institute of the National
Academy of Sciences of Kazakhstan in 2016 April-December.
Additionally, four UBV observations of the object's field were taken
in 2016 December and 2017 August/September at a 40cm telescope of the
Dark Sky Observatory (DSO, near Boone, NC). See Table 1.
Near-IR JHK photometry was taken with the 1.1m telescope AZT-24 at
Campo Imperatore (Italy) in 2008-2017 with an imager/spectrometer
SWIRCAM. See Table 2.
Twenty-seven high-resolution optical spectra of AS 386 with spectral
resolving powers of R=18000-65000 and an average signal-to-noise ratio
of ∼100 were obtained between 2009 November and 2017 November (see
Table 3). The observations were carried out using the 2.1m telescope
of the Observatorio Astronomico Nacional San Pedro Martir (OAN SPM,
Baja California, Mexico) with an R=18000 REOSC spectrograph, the 2.7m
Harlan J. Smith telescope of the McDonald Observatory (Texas, USA)
with the R=60000 Tull coude spectrograph TS2, the 3.6m
Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope (CFHT, Maunakea, HI, USA) with the
R=65000 ESPaDOnS spectropolarimeter, and the 3.5m Astrophysical
Research Consortium telescope at the Apache Point Observatory (APO,
New Mexico, USA) with the R=31500 ARCES spectrograph.
Three low-resolution optical and near-IR spectra of AS 386 were taken
at the 3m telescope of the Lick Observatory (USA, 0.46-2.5um, R∼700)
in 2010, 2016, and 2017 (see Table 3) with the Aerospace Corporation's
Visible and Near Infrared Imaging Spectrograph (VNIRIS).
Objects:
----------------------------------------------------------
RA (ICRS) DE Designation(s)
----------------------------------------------------------
20 10 54.20 +38 18 09.4 AS 386 = EM* AS 386
----------------------------------------------------------
File Summary:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ReadMe 80 . This file
table1.dat 29 16 Optical photometry of AS 386
table2.dat 43 19 Near-IR photometry of AS 386
table3.dat 49 30 Summary of the spectroscopic observations
table4.dat 48 407 Lines in the spectrum of AS 386
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See also:
B/cfht : Log of CFHT Exposures (CADC, 1979-)
B/mk : Catalogue of Stellar Spectral Classifications (Skiff, 2009-2016)
III/196 : Near-IR stellar spectra from 1.428 to 2.5um (Lancon+ 1996)
I/259 : The Tycho-2 Catalogue (Hog+ 2000)
II/246 : 2MASS All-Sky Catalog of Point Sources (Cutri+ 2003)
II/297 : AKARI/IRC mid-IR all-sky Survey (ISAS/JAXA, 2010)
II/311 : WISE All-Sky Data Release (Cutri+ 2012)
VI/71 : Revised version of the ILLSS Catalogue (Coluzzi 1993-1999)
J/A+A/333/231 : O-M stars model atmospheres (Bessell+ 1998)
J/MNRAS/363/1111 : Tycho-2 stars with IR excess (Clarke+, 2005)
J/A+A/469/1221 : Sydney observatory Galactic survey (SOGS) (Fresneau+, 2007)
J/PASP/120/1128 : Calibrated griz magnitudes of Tycho stars (Ofek, 2008)
J/ApJ/700/209 : The B[e] phenomenon. III. VES 695 (Miroshnichenko+, 2009)
J/A+A/537/A146 : Stellar models with rotation. 0.8<M<120 (Ekstrom+, 2012)
J/PASP/126/469 : PolarBase catalogue of stellar spectra (Petit+, 2014)
J/ApJ/809/129 : The Be phenomenon. V. MWC728 (Miroshnichenko+, 2015)
J/ApJ/833/119 : Distances of Gaia DR1 TGAS sources (Astraatmadja+, 2016)
J/MNRAS/463/4210 : All-sky catalog of solar-type dwarfs (Nascimbeni+, 2016)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 8 F8.3 d JD Julian date; JD-2450000
10- 13 F4.2 --- Phase Orbital phase according to the RV solution
15- 19 F5.2 mag Vmag V-band magnitude (1)
21- 24 F4.2 mag B-V B-V color index (1)
26- 29 F4.2 mag V-Rc ? V-Rc color index (1)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): The BV(Rc) data obtained at the Tien-Shan Observatory (TShAO) and
BV data obtained at the Dark Sky Observatory (DSO) in the
Johnson-Cousins photometric system. Average measurement uncertainties
do not exceed 0.02mag in all the bands.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table2.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 8 F8.3 d JD Julian date; JD-2450000
10- 13 A4 --- Phase Orbital phase according to the RV solution
15- 18 A4 mag Jmag J-band brightness
20- 23 A4 mag e_Jmag 1σ uncertainty on Jmag
25- 28 A4 mag Hmag H-band brightness
30- 33 A4 mag e_Hmag 1σ uncertainty on Hmag
35- 38 A4 mag Kmag K-band brightness
40- 43 A4 mag e_Kmag 1σ uncertainty on Kmag
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table3.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 10 A10 "M/D/Y" Date Observing date (UT)
12- 19 F8.3 d JD Julian date; JD-2450000
21- 24 I4 s Exp Total exposure time
26- 35 A10 0.1nm Range Spectral range in Å
37 I1 --- ObsID Observatory ID (1)
39- 43 F5.3 --- Phase Orbital phase (see section 3.1.1)
45- 49 F5.1 km/s RV ? Radial velocity of the B-type star
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): Observatory ID as follows:
1 = Observatorio Astronomico Nacional San Pedro Martir;
2 = Lick Observatory;
3 = Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope;
4 = McDonald Observatory;
5 = Apache Point Observatory.
See the "Description" section above.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table4.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 10 A10 --- Line Line ID -- element and ionization state (1)
12- 14 I3 --- Mult [1/318]? Multiplet number, for the lines
identified in Coluzzi (1993BICDS..43....7C 1993BICDS..43....7C)
16- 23 F8.2 0.1nm lamLab [3819.6/10311.2] Laboratory line position,
in Angstroms
25- 30 F6.2 0.1nm EW [-10.7/1.3] Line equivalent width, in Angstroms
32- 35 F4.2 --- Ipeak [0.06/4.1]? Peak intensity of the line with
respect to the local continuum
37- 48 A12 --- Comm Line appearance comment(s) (2)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): Line properties were measured in the CFHT spectrum taken on 07/06/12.
Note (2): Comments include line appearance or specific notes as follows:
dp = double peaked;
+f = blend with the following line;
+p = blend with the previous line;
H9,H8 = hydrogen lines of the Balmer series due to transitions from the
8th and 9th to the 2nd energy level, respectively;
+ He I (46) = blend with the line quoted in the Comment column
+ Ca II (1) = blend with the line quoted in the Comment column
+ Si III (2) = blend with the line quoted in the Comment column
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
History:
From electronic version of the journal
References:
Miroshnichenko Paper I. 2007ApJ...667..497M 2007ApJ...667..497M
Miroshnichenko et al. Paper II. 2007ApJ...671..828M 2007ApJ...671..828M
Miroshnichenko et al. Paper III. 2009ApJ...700..209M 2009ApJ...700..209M Cat. J/ApJ/700/209
Carciofi et al. Paper IV. 2010ApJ...721.1079C 2010ApJ...721.1079C
Miroshnichenko et al. Paper V. 2015ApJ...809..129M 2015ApJ...809..129M Cat. J/ApJ/809/129
Khokhlov et al. Paper VI. 2017ApJ...835...53K 2017ApJ...835...53K
Khokhlov et al. Paper VII. 2018ApJ...856..158K 2018ApJ...856..158K This catalog
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 14-Feb-2019