J/ApJ/867/107 SuGOHI. II. Lenses from HSC SSP DR2 & environment (Wong+, 2018)
Survey of Gravitationally lensed Objects in HSC Imaging (SuGOHI).
II. Environments and line-of-sight structure of strong gravitational lens
galaxies to z∼0.8.
Wong K.C., Sonnenfeld A., Chan J.H.H., Rusu C.E., Tanaka M., Jaelani A.T.,
Lee C.-H., More A., Oguri M., Suyu S.H., Komiyama Y.
<Astrophys. J., 867, 107-107 (2018)>
=2018ApJ...867..107W 2018ApJ...867..107W (SIMBAD/NED BibCode)
ADC_Keywords: Gravitational lensing; Redshifts; Surveys
Keywords: gravitational lensing: strong; large-scale structure of universe
Abstract:
We investigate the local and line-of-sight (LOS) overdensities of
strong gravitational lens galaxies using wide-area multiband imaging
from the Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program. We present 41 new
definite or probable lens candidates discovered in Data Release 2 of
the survey. Using a combined sample of 87 galaxy-scale lenses out to a
lens redshift of zL∼0.8, we compare galaxy number counts in LOSs
toward known and newly discovered lenses in the survey to those of a
control sample consisting of random LOSs. We also compare the local
overdensity of lens galaxies to a sample of "twin" galaxies that have
similar redshift and velocity dispersion to test whether lenses lie in
different environments from similar nonlens galaxies. We find that
lens fields contain higher number counts of galaxies compared to the
control fields, but this effect arises from the local environment of
the lens. Once galaxies in the lens plane are removed, the lens LOSs
are consistent with the control sample. The local environments of the
lenses are overdense compared to the control sample, and are slightly
overdense compared to those of the twin sample, although the
significance is marginal. There is no significant evidence of the
evolution of the local overdensity of lens environments with redshift.
Description:
The HSC SSP (Aihara+ 2018PASJ...70S...8A 2018PASJ...70S...8A) is an ongoing imaging survey
with the Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) on the Subaru Telescope. The data
used in this study are taken from Data Release 2 of the HSC SSP, which
comprises data taken through the S17A semester and covers 776deg2 in
grizy bands.
Our sample of strong lenses using various search algorithms is based
on a pre-selection of candidate lens galaxies. These candidates are
taken from the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS;
Dawson+ 2013AJ....145...10D 2013AJ....145...10D). The initial sample of SuGOHI-g lenses
used the BOSS Data Release 12 (Alam+ 2015, V/147).
File Summary:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ReadMe 80 . This file
table1.dat 54 41 Grade A lenses and grade B candidates in
Data Release 2 of the HSC SSP
table2.dat 77 87 Main lens sample
table4.dat 74 87 *Local and line-of-sight (LOS) overdensity of
individual lens fields
table6.dat 64 55 *Additional lenses not in main sample
table7.dat 74 55 *Local and LOS overdensity of
individual lens fields not in main sample
table8.dat 74 87 *Local and LOS overdensity of
individual lens fields (no Poisson error)
table9.dat 74 55 *Local and LOS overdensity of individual lens
fields not in main sample (no Poisson error)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note on table4.dat and table8.dat: Relative LOS overdensities are calculated
for a magnitude limit of i≤24. Overdensities are normalized by the
mean values across all control fields. In table 4, the uncertainties
include Poisson uncertainties in the calculation of lens field
quantites and error on the mean in the control fields. In table 8,
however, the uncertainties do not include Poisson uncertainties in the
calculation of lens field quantites.
Note on table6.dat and table7.dat and table9.dat: Lenses listed here either
do not have velocity dispersion measurements from BOSS or have
unreliable velocity dispersion measurements, so they are not included
in our main analysis. We list their local and LOS overdensities here
for completeness.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See also:
V/147 : The SDSS Photometric Catalogue, Release 12 (Alam+, 2015)
V/154 : Sloan Digital Sky Surveys (SDSS), Release 16 (DR16) (Ahumada+, 2020)
J/ApJ/641/169 : Spectroscopy in lens fields (Momcheva+, 2006)
J/AJ/135/496 : SDSS quasar lens search. II. (Inada+, 2008)
J/ApJS/176/19 : COSMOS: strong lens systems (Faure+, 2008)
J/ApJ/690/670 : The Sloan lens ACS Survey. VIII. (Treu+, 2009)
J/ApJ/749/38 : CFHTLS-SL2S-ARCS strong lens candidates (More+, 2012)
J/ApJ/777/97 : SL2S galaxy-scale lens sample. III. (Sonnenfeld+, 2013)
J/ApJ/824/86 : The BOSS emission-line lens survey. III. (Shu+, 2016)
J/ApJ/826/56 : HST/WFC3 obs. of Cepheids in SN Ia host gal. (Riess+, 2016)
J/ApJ/833/194 : Group of galaxies in gravitational lens fields (Wilson+, 2016)
J/MNRAS/465/4914 : R-band light curves of HE 0435-1223 (Bonvin+, 2017)
J/MNRAS/467/4220 : Galaxies inside 120 arcsec of HE 0435-1223 (Rusu+, 2017)
J/MNRAS/470/4838 : Redshift cat. of HE 0435-1223 field-of-view (Sluse+, 2017)
J/ApJ/850/94 : Sp. of the fields of gravitational lenses (Wilson+, 2017)
J/A+A/642/A148 : SuGOHI VI. List up to 2020 (Sonnenfeld+, 2020)
J/ApJ/909/27 : Strong gravitational lenses in DESI Surveys (Huang+, 2021)
http://www.sdss3.org/ : SDSS-III home page
http://hsc.mtk.nao.ac.jp/ssp/science/strong-lensing/ : Strong lensing with HSC
http://admin.masterlens.org/ : The Master Lens Database & Orphan Lenses Project
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 17 A17 --- Name Lens candidate identifier (HSCJHHMMSS+DDMMSS)
19- 26 F8.4 deg RAdeg [29/354] Right ascension (J2000)
28- 34 F7.4 deg DEdeg [-2.3/43.6] Declination (J2000)
36- 40 F5.3 --- zL [0.26/0.8] Lens redshift
42- 46 F5.3 --- zS [1.17]? Source redshift
48- 52 A5 --- sSet Subsample of BOSS LRGs in which the lens galaxy
belongs to (1)
54 A1 --- Grade Grade of the candidate (2)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): BOSS subsample as follows:
CMASS = primarily 0.4<z<0.7 (32 occurrences)
LOWZ = primarily z<0.4 LRGs (9 occurrences)
Note (2): These candidates are visually inspected by the coauthors and
individually graded using the following scheme:
A = definite lenses (7 occurrences)
B = probable lenses (34 occurrences)
See Section 3.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table2.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 23 A23 --- Name Lens identifier
25- 32 F8.4 deg RAdeg [29.38/354] Right ascension (J2000)
34- 40 F7.4 deg DEdeg [-6.9/43.6] Declination (J2000)
42- 46 F5.3 --- zL [0.18/0.8] Lens redshift
48- 53 F6.4 --- zS ? Source redshift
55- 59 F5.3 --- zS2 ? Second solution for zS
61- 63 I3 km/s sigma [116/388] Velocity dispersion from SDSS DR14
65- 67 I3 km/s e_sigma [8/140] sigma uncertainty
69- 77 A9 --- Ref Reference (G1)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table[47].dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 23 A23 --- Name Lens identifier
25- 28 F4.2 --- Neff-r30 [0.3/3.3] Effective galaxy number counts
within rap≤30", Neff/<Neffcont> (G2)
30- 33 F4.2 --- e_Neff-r30 [0.14/0.7] Neff-r30 uncertainty
35- 38 F4.2 --- Neff-r60 [0.6/2.3] Effective galaxy number counts
within rap≤60", Neff/<Neffcont> (G2)
40- 43 F4.2 --- e_Neff-r60 [0.1/0.23] Neff-r60 uncertainty
45- 48 F4.2 --- Neff-r90 [0.7/1.8] Effective galaxy number counts
within rap≤90", Neff/<Neffcont> (G2)
50- 53 F4.2 --- e_Neff-r90 [0.08/0.13] Neff-r90 uncertainty
55- 58 F4.2 --- Neff-r120 [0.76/1.7] Effective galaxy number counts
within rap≤120", Neff/<Neffcont> (G2)
60- 63 F4.2 --- e_Neff-r120 [0.06/0.1] Neff-r120 uncertainty
65- 69 F5.2 --- Den [0.43/10.3] Normalized density,
Σ10/<Σ10cont> (G3)
71- 74 F4.2 --- e_Den [0.14/3.7] Den uncertainty
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (G2): We quantify the density of a LOS by the effective galaxy number
counts, Neff, brighter than a limiting i-band magnitude and within a
projected radial distance rap of each lens.
We can calculate the fractional overdensity of a lens LOS relative to
a random LOS by normalizing Neff by a factor of <Neffcont>, which
is the mean Neff across all control fields for the same aperture size
and limiting magnitude.
See Section 5.2.
Note (G3): To evaluate the local overdensity in the environment of a lens or
twin galaxy, we use a standard measure of environment, Σ10,
defined in Equation (3) as:
Σ10=10/(πDp,102)
where Dp,10 is the projected distance in megaparsecs to the tenth
nearest neighbor that is brighter than i=24 and has a redshift
within δz/(1+zL)≤0.05 of the lens redshift.
See Section 5.3.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table6.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 23 A23 --- Name Lens identifier
25- 32 F8.4 deg RAdeg [33.19/353.13] Right ascension (J2000)
34- 40 F7.4 deg DEdeg [-6.7/44.2] Declination (J2000)
42- 46 F5.3 --- zL [0.039/1.13] Lens redshift
48- 53 F6.4 --- zS [0.3/4.5]? Source redshift
55- 64 A10 --- Ref Reference (G1)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table[89].dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 23 A23 --- Name Lens identifier
25- 28 F4.2 --- Neff-r30w [0.3/3.3] Effective galaxy number counts
within rap≤30", Neff/<Neffcont> (G2)
30- 33 F4.2 --- e_Neff-r30w [0.04/0.5] Neff-r30 uncertainty
35- 38 F4.2 --- Neff-r60w [0.6/2.3] Effective galaxy number counts
within rap≤60", Neff/<Neffcont> (G2)
40- 43 F4.2 --- e_Neff-r60w [0.04/0.14] Neff-r60 uncertainty
45- 48 F4.2 --- Neff-r90w [0.7/1.8] Effective galaxy number counts
within rap≤90", Neff/<Neffcont> (G2)
50- 53 F4.2 --- e_Neff-r90w [0.03/0.08] Neff-r90 uncertainty
55- 58 F4.2 --- Neff-r120w [0.76/1.7] Effective galaxy number counts
within rap≤120", Neff/<Neffcont> (G2)
60- 63 F4.2 --- e_Neff-r120w [0.03/0.06] Neff-r120 uncertainty
65- 69 F5.2 --- Denw [0.43/10.3] Normalized density,
Σ10/<Σ10cont> (G3)
71- 74 F4.2 --- e_Denw [0.03/1.8] Den uncertainty
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Global notes:
Note (G1): Reference as follows:
A11 = Auger et al. (2011MNRAS.411L...6A 2011MNRAS.411L...6A)
B06 = Bolton et al. (2006ApJ...638..703B 2006ApJ...638..703B)
B08 = Bolton et al. (2008ApJ...684..248B 2008ApJ...684..248B)
B12 = Brownstein et al. (2012ApJ...744...41B 2012ApJ...744...41B)
C19 = Chan et al. (2020A&A...636A..87C 2020A&A...636A..87C)
E06 = Eigenbrod et al. (2006A&A...451..747E 2006A&A...451..747E)
E07 = Eigenbrod et al. (2007A&A...465...51E 2007A&A...465...51E)
F08 = Faure et al. (2008, J/ApJS/176/19)
F11 = Faure et al. (2011A&A...529A..72F 2011A&A...529A..72F)
FC98 = Fassnacht & Cohen (1998AJ....115..377F 1998AJ....115..377F)
H85 = Huchra et al. (1985AJ.....90..691H 1985AJ.....90..691H)
I03 = Inada et al. (2003AJ....126..666I 2003AJ....126..666I)
I08 = Inada et al. (2008, J/AJ/135/496 ; superseded by J/AJ/143/119)
J95 = Jackson et al. (1995MNRAS.274L..25J 1995MNRAS.274L..25J)
M12 = More et al. (2012, J/ApJ/749/38)
McM92 = McMahon et al. (1992Gemin..36....1M 1992Gemin..36....1M)
N09 = Newton et al. (2009ApJ...696.1125N 2009ApJ...696.1125N)
N10 = Negrello et al. (2010Sci...330..800N 2010Sci...330..800N)
O08 = Oguri et al. (2008AJ....135..520O 2008AJ....135..520O)
S13a = Sonnenfeld et al. (2013, J/ApJ/777/97)
S16 = Shu et al. (2016, J/ApJ/824/86)
SuGOHI I = Sonnenfeld et al. (2018PASJ...70S..29S 2018PASJ...70S..29S)
SuGOHI II = This work
T16 = Tanaka et al. (2016ApJ...826L..19T 2016ApJ...826L..19T)
W17a = Wong et al. (2017ApJ...843L..35W 2017ApJ...843L..35W)
Note (G2): We quantify the density of a LOS by the effective galaxy number
counts, Neff, brighter than a limiting i-band magnitude and within a
projected radial distance rap of each lens.
We can calculate the fractional overdensity of a lens LOS relative to
a random LOS by normalizing Neff by a factor of <Neffcont>, which
is the mean Neff across all control fields for the same aperture size
and limiting magnitude.
See Section 5.2.
Note (G3): To evaluate the local overdensity in the environment of a lens or
twin galaxy, we use a standard measure of environment, Σ10,
defined in Equation (3) as:
Σ10=10/(πDp,102)
where Dp,10 is the projected distance in megaparsecs to the tenth
nearest neighbor that is brighter than i=24 and has a redshift
within δz/(1+zL)≤0.05 of the lens redshift.
See Section 5.3.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
History:
From electronic version of the journal
References:
Sonnenfeld et al. Paper I. 2018PASJ...70S..29S 2018PASJ...70S..29S
Wong et al. Paper II. 2018ApJ...867..107W 2018ApJ...867..107W This catalog
Sonnenfeld et al. Paper III. 2019A&A...630A..71S 2019A&A...630A..71S
Chan et al. Paper IV. 2020A&A...636A..87C 2020A&A...636A..87C
Jaelani et al. paper V. 2020MNRAS.495.1291J 2020MNRAS.495.1291J
Sonnenfeld et al. Paper VI. 2020A&A...642A.148S 2020A&A...642A.148S Cat. J/A+A/642/148
Jaelani et al. Paper VII. 2021MNRAS.502.1487J 2021MNRAS.502.1487J
(End) Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 19-Aug-2022