J/ApJ/873/35 Gemini GNIRS NIR spectroscopy of 50 QSOs at z≳5.7 (Shen+, 2019)
Gemini GNIRS near-infrared spectroscopy of 50 quasars at z≥5.7.
Shen Y., Wu J., Jiang L., Banados E., Fan X., Ho L.C., Riechers D.A.,
Strauss M.A., Venemans B., Vestergaard M., Walter F., Wang F., Willott C.,
Wu X.-B., Yang J.
<Astrophys. J., 873, 35 (2019)>
=2019ApJ...873...35S 2019ApJ...873...35S
ADC_Keywords: Spectra, infrared; QSOs; Redshifts; Line Profiles;
Equivalent widths; Black holes; Surveys
Keywords: black hole physics; galaxies: active; line: profiles;
quasars: general; surveys
Abstract:
We report initial results from a large Gemini program to observe
z≳5.7 quasars with GNIRS near-IR spectroscopy. Our sample includes
50 quasars with simultaneous ∼0.85-2.5µm spectra covering the
rest-frame ultraviolet and major broad emission lines from Lyα
to MgII. We present spectral measurements for these quasars and
compare with their lower redshift counterparts at z=1.5-2.3. We find
that when quasar luminosity is matched, there are no significant
differences between the rest-UV spectra of z≳5.7 quasars and the
low-z comparison sample. High-z quasars have similar continuum and
emission line properties and occupy the same region in the black hole
mass and luminosity space as the comparison sample, accreting at an
average Eddington ratio of ∼0.3. There is no evidence for
super-Eddington accretion or hypermassive (>1010M☉) black
holes within our sample. We find a mild excess of quasars with weak
CIV lines relative to the control sample. Our results, corroborating
earlier studies but with better statistics, demonstrate that these
high-z quasars are already mature systems of accreting supermassive
black holes operating with the same physical mechanisms as those at
lower redshifts.
Description:
A Gemini-GNIRS survey (Gemini Large and Long Program LLP-7) was
conducted to obtain near-IR YJHK simultaneous spectroscopy for a
sample of 50 quasars at z≳5.7 during the 15B-17A semesters.
The configuration had provided simultaneous spectral coverage of
∼0.85-2.5um at a spectral resolution R∼650.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ReadMe 80 . This file
table1.dat 119 50 Sample summary
table3.dat 684 50 *Catalog
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Note on table3.dat: Uncertainties are measurement errors only.
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Description of file:
tab3_full.fits available in the FTP section is the original catalog
in FITS format.
See also:
II/319 : UKIDSS-DR9 LAS, GCS and DXS Surveys (Lawrence+ 2012)
II/359 : The VISTA Hemisphere Survey (VHS) catalog DR4.1 (McMahon+, 2013)
II/343 : VIKING catalogue data release 2 (Edge+, 2016)
VII/283 : The Million Quasars (Milliquas) catalog (6.3) (Flesch, 2019)
J/ApJ/613/682 : AGN central masses & broad-line reg. sizes (Peterson+, 2004)
J/ApJS/166/470 : SDSS-Spitzer type I QSOs IR photometry (Richards+, 2006)
J/AJ/135/2453 : Sample of BL Lac objects from SDSS & FIRST (Plotkin+, 2008)
J/ApJ/680/169 : SDSS DR5 virial black hole masses (Shen+, 2008)
J/ApJ/699/782 : High-redshift SDSS-DR5 QSOs (Diamond-Stanic+, 2009)
J/ApJ/692/758 : BAL QSOs in SDSS-DR5 (Gibson+, 2009)
J/ApJ/699/800 : Mass functions of active black holes (Vestergaard+, 2009)
J/MNRAS/405/2302 : Improved redshifts for SDSS quasar spectra (Hewett+, 2010)
J/MNRAS/410/860 : Redshift dependence of BAL QSOs (Allen+, 2011)
J/ApJS/194/45 : QSO properties from SDSS-DR7 (Shen+, 2011)
J/ApJ/746/169 : Luminosity function of broad-line quasars (Shen+, 2012)
J/ApJ/753/125 : NIR spectroscopy follow-up of 60 SDSS-DR7 QSOs (Shen+, 2012)
J/ApJ/761/112 : High-z MgII absorption QSOs with FIRE (Matejek+, 2012)
J/ApJ/761/184 : IR luminosities for dusty AGNs and QSOs (Weedman+, 2012)
J/MNRAS/435/3306 : Candidate type II QSOs in SDSS III (Alexandroff+, 2013)
J/ApJ/764/45 : Luminosity function of broad-line QSOs. II. (Kelly+, 2013)
J/ApJ/805/122 : X-ray properties of PHL1811 analogs and WLQs (Luo+, 2015)
J/ApJS/227/11 : PS1 z>5.6 quasars follow-up (Banados+, 2016)
J/ApJ/817/55 : NIR spectroscopy of 1.5<z<3.5 broad-band QSOs (Shen, 2016)
J/ApJ/831/7 : SDSS-RM project: peak velocities of QSOs (Shen+, 2016)
J/ApJ/819/24 : z>4.5 QSOs with SDSS and WISE. I. Opt. spectra (Wang+, 2016)
J/MNRAS/465/2120 : Correcting CIV-based virial BH masses (Coatman+, 2017)
J/ApJ/861/37 : Luminous WISE quasars in SDSS Stripe 82 (Glikman+, 2018)
J/ApJ/871/258 : ELQS in SDSS. III. Full ELQS quasar cat. (Schindler+, 2019)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 2 I2 --- Fig Figure 3 object number; column added by CDS
4- 13 A10 --- ID Object ID of the GNIRS sample
15- 16 I2 h RAh Hour of Right Ascension (J2000)
18- 19 I2 min RAm Minute of Right Ascension (J2000)
21- 25 F5.2 s RAs Second of Right Ascension (J2000)
27- 27 A1 --- DE- Sign of the Declination (J2000)
28- 29 I2 deg DEd Degree of Declination (J2000)
31- 32 I2 arcmin DEm Arcminute of Declination (J2000)
34- 37 F4.1 arcsec DEs Arcsecond of Declination (J2000)
39- 43 F5.3 --- zold [5.7/6.43] Original redshift
from the discovery paper
45- 49 F5.3 --- zsys [5.637/6.42] Improved systemic redshift
51- 55 F5.3 --- e_zsys [0.005/0.06] Uncertainty in zsys
57- 61 F5.2 mag Jmag [17.7/21.2]? J band magnitude
63- 66 F4.2 mag e_Jmag [0.01/0.3]? Uncertainty in Jmag
68- 72 F5.2 mag Hmag [17/19.5]? H band magnitude
74- 77 F4.2 mag e_Hmag [0.03/0.2]? Uncertainty in Hmag
79- 83 F5.2 mag Ksmag [16.1/18.4]? Ks band magnitude
85- 88 F4.2 mag e_Ksmag [0.03/0.3]? Uncertainty in Ksmag
90-100 A11 --- r_Jmag Jmag reference (1)
102-103 I2 --- r_zold [1/18] Discovery reference (2)
105-119 A15 --- Comm Comment
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Note (1): Reference keys for the J magnitudes (and H, Ks magnitudes if
available) as follows:
UHS = The UKIRT Hemisphere Survey; Dye+ 2018MNRAS.473.5113D 2018MNRAS.473.5113D
VIK = VIKING DR4; Edge+ 2013Msngr.154...32E 2013Msngr.154...32E (see II/343)
VHS = The VISTA Hemisphere Survey; McMahon+ 2013, II/359
UKIDSS GCS = UKIDSS Galactic Clusters Survey;
Lawrence+ 2007MNRAS.379.1599L 2007MNRAS.379.1599L (see DR9: II/319);
UKIDSS LAS = UKIDSS Large Area Survey DR10;
Lawrence+ 2007MNRAS.379.1599L 2007MNRAS.379.1599L (see II/319);
Jiang2016 = Jiang et al. (2016ApJ...833..222J 2016ApJ...833..222J);
Banados2016 = Banados et al. (2016, J/ApJS/227/11);
Banados2014 = Banados et al. (2014AJ....148...14B 2014AJ....148...14B);
Willott2010 = Willott et al. (2010AJ....139..906W 2010AJ....139..906W);
Willott2009 = Willott et al. (2009AJ....137.3541W 2009AJ....137.3541W);
Willott2007 = Willott et al. (2007AJ....134.2435W 2007AJ....134.2435W);
McGreer2006 = McGreer et al. (2006ApJ...652..157M 2006ApJ...652..157M).
Note (2): Radio-loud identification is either from the discovery paper or
from Banados et al. (2015ApJ...804..118B 2015ApJ...804..118B).
Discovery paper references as follows:
1 = Banados et al. (2016, J/ApJS/227/11);
2 = Fan et al. (2004AJ....128..515F 2004AJ....128..515F);
3 = Jiang et al. (2015AJ....149..188J 2015AJ....149..188J);
4 = Banados et al. (2014AJ....148...14B 2014AJ....148...14B);
5 = Willott et al. (2007AJ....134.2435W 2007AJ....134.2435W);
6 = Willott et al. (2010AJ....139..906W 2010AJ....139..906W);
7 = Willott et al. (2009AJ....137.3541W 2009AJ....137.3541W);
8 = Venemans et al. (2007MNRAS.376L..76V 2007MNRAS.376L..76V);
9 = Jiang et al. (2008AJ....135.1057J 2008AJ....135.1057J);
10 = Jiang et al. (2016ApJ...833..222J 2016ApJ...833..222J);
11 = Fan et al. (2001AJ....122.2833F 2001AJ....122.2833F);
12 = Fan et al. (2006AJ....132..117F 2006AJ....132..117F);
13 = Goto (2006MNRAS.371..769G 2006MNRAS.371..769G);
14 = Fan et al. (2000AJ....120.1167F 2000AJ....120.1167F);
15 = Fan et al. (2003AJ....125.1649F 2003AJ....125.1649F);
16 = Cool et al. (2006AJ....132..823C 2006AJ....132..823C);
17 = McGreer et al. (2006ApJ...652..157M 2006ApJ...652..157M);
18 = Wang et al. (2016, J/ApJ/819/24).
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table3.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 10 A10 --- ID Object ID of the GNIRS sample
12- 16 F5.3 --- zold [5.7/6.43] Original redshift from
the discovery paper (ZFIT)
18- 24 F7.5 --- zSys [5.633/6.43] Improved systemic redshift
26- 32 F7.5 --- e_zSys [0.005/0.06] zSys uncertainty (ZSYS_ERR)
34- 41 F8.5 --- zMgII [5.95/6.43]?=- Redshift based on broad MgII
43- 50 F8.5 --- e_zMgII [0.005/0.08]?=- zMgII uncertainty
(ZMGII_ERR)
52- 59 F8.5 --- zCIII [5.59/6.03]?=- Redshift based on
the CIII] complex
61- 68 F8.5 --- e_zCIII [0.005/0.09]?=- zCIII uncertainty
(ZCIII_ERR)
70- 77 F8.5 --- zCIV [5.63/6.36]?=- Redshift based on broad CIV
79- 85 F7.5 --- e_zCIV [0.009/0.11] zCIV uncertainty (ZCIV_ERR)
87- 94 F8.5 --- zSiIV [5.69/6.33] Redshift based on
broad SiIV/OIV]
96-102 F7.5 --- e_zSiIV [0.01/0.06] zSiIV uncertainty (ZSIIV_ERR)
104-111 F8.5 [10-7W] logL1350 [45.2/47.1] Continuum luminosity at
restframe 1350Å; in erg/s units
113-119 F7.5 [10-7W] e_logL1350 [0.0019/0.5] logL1350 uncertainty
(LOGL1350_ERR)
121-128 F8.5 [10-7W] logL1700 [45.19/47.03] Continuum luminosity
at restframe 1700Å; in erg/s units
130-136 F7.5 [10-7W] e_logL1700 [0.001/0.3] logL1700 uncertainty
(LOGL1700_ERR)
138-145 F8.5 [10-7W] logL3000 [45.2/47.02] Continuum luminosity
at restframe 3000Å; in erg/s units
147-153 F7.5 [10-7W] e_logL3000 [0.001/0.12]LogL3000 uncertainty
(LOGL3000_ERR)
155-162 F8.5 [10-7W] logLBol [45.9/47.8] Log of bolometric luminosity (1)
164-170 F7.5 [10-7W] e_logLBol [0.001/0.12] logLBol uncertainty
(LOGLBOL_ERR)
172-181 F10.4 0.1nm pkMgII [2754/2820.2]?=0 MgII peak wavelength
in Å (MGIIa)
183-192 F10.4 km/s FWHMMgII [1411/10127]?=0 MgII FWHM (MGIIb)
194-203 F10.4 [10-7W] logLMgII [43.5/45]?=0 log of MgII line luminosity
in erg/s (MGIIc)
205-214 F10.4 0.1nm EWMgII [10.8/140]?=0 MgII restframe EW
in Å (MGIId)
216-225 F10.4 0.1nm FMgII [2754/2821]?=0 Top 50% of MgII flux centroid
in Å (MGIIe)
227-236 F10.4 0.1nm pkCIII [1851/1938]?=0 Peak wavelength for
the entire CIII] complex
(CIII], SiIII], AlIII) in Å (CIII_ALLa)
238-247 F10.4 km/s FWHMCIII [796/35298]?=0 CIII] complex FWHM
(CIII_ALLb)
249-258 F10.4 [10-7W] logLCIII [44/46]?=0 log of CIII] complex luminosity
in erg/s (CIII_ALLc)
260-269 F10.4 0.1nm EWCIII [9.5/726]?=0 CIII] complex restframe EW
in Å (CIII_ALLd)
271-280 F10.4 0.1nm FCIII [1851/1938]?=0 Top 50% of CIII] complex flux
centroid in Å (CIII_ALLe)
282-291 F10.4 0.1nm pkCIV [1524/1553] Peak wavelength for the
entire CIV line (CIVa)
293-302 F10.4 km/s FWHMCIV [1826/28275] CIV line FWHM (CIVb)
304-313 F10.4 [10-7W] logLCIV [43.5/45.4] log of CIV line luminosity
in erg/s (CIVc)
315-324 F10.4 0.1nm EWCIV [2.9/318] CIV restframe EW in Å (CIVd)
326-335 F10.4 0.1nm FCIV [1524/1553] Top 50% of CIV line flux
centroid in Å (CIVe)
337-346 F10.4 0.1nm pkSiIV [1375/1403] Peak wavelength for the
1400Å complex (SiIV, OIV) in Å
(SIIV_OIVa)
348-357 F10.4 km/s FWHMSiIV [1411/35298]?=0 SiIV complex restframe EW
in Å (SIIV_OIVb)
359-368 F10.4 [10-7W] logLSiIV [42.5/45.4]?=0 log of SiIV complex
luminosity in erg/s (SIIV_OIVc)
370-379 F10.4 0.1nm EWSiIV [0.7/48.1]?=0 SiIV complex restframe EW
in Å (SIIV_OIVd)
381-390 F10.4 0.1nm FSiIV [1376/1403] Top 50% of SiIV complex flux
centroid in Å (SIIV_OIVe)
392-401 F10.4 0.1nm e_pkMgII [0.5/31]?=- pkMgII uncertainty (MGII_ERRa)
403-412 F10.4 km/s e_FWHMMgII [115/8519]?=- FWHMMgII uncertainty
(MGII_ERRb)
414-423 F10.4 [10-7W] e_logLMgII [0.01/1.6]?=- logLMgII uncertainty
(MGII_ERRc)
425-434 F10.4 0.1nm e_EWMgII [0.9/17865]?=- EWMgII uncertainty
(MGII_ERRd)
436-445 F10.4 0.1nm e_FMgII [0.4/31]?=- FMgII uncertainty (MGII_ERRe)
447-458 F12.4 0.1nm e_pkCIII [0.3/39]?=- pkCIII uncertainty
(CIIIALLERRa)
460-471 F12.4 km/s e_FWHMCIII [184/16907]?=- FWHMCIII uncertainty
(CIIIALLERRb)
473-484 F12.4 [10-7W] e_logLCIII [0.01/2.4]?=- logLCIII uncertainty
(CIIIALLERRc)
486-497 F12.4 0.1nm e_EWCIII [0.5/1.2e+6]?=- EWCIII uncertainty
(CIIIALLERRd)
499-510 F12.4 0.1nm e_FCIII [0.3/39]?=- FCIII uncertainty
(CIIIALLERRe)
512-521 F10.4 0.1nm e_pkCIV [0.2/23] pkCIV uncertainty (CIV_ERRa)
523-532 F10.4 km/s e_FWHMCIV [110/16680] FWHMCIV uncertainty (CIV_ERRb)
534-543 F10.4 [10-7W] e_logLCIV [0.01/0.5] logLCIV uncertainty (CIV_ERRc)
545-554 F10.4 0.1nm e_EWCIV [0.8/422] EWCIV uncertainty (CIV_ERRd)
556-565 F10.4 0.1nm e_FCIV [0.2/21] FCIV uncertainty (CIV_ERRe)
567-576 F10.4 0.1nm e_pkSiIV [0.005/11.5]?=0 pkSiIV uncertainty
(SIIVOIVERRa)
578-587 F10.4 km/s e_FWHMSiIV [272/16943]?=0 FWHMSiIV uncertainty
(SIIVOIVERRb)
589-598 F10.4 [10-7W] e_logLSiIV [0.01/22]?=0 logLSiIV uncertainty
(SIIVOIVERRc)
600-609 F10.4 0.1nm e_EWSiIV [0.3/106]?=0 EWSiIV uncertainty
(SIIVOIVERRd)
611-620 F10.4 0.1nm e_FSiIV [0.03/11.2]?=0 FSiIV uncertainty
(SIIVOIVERRe)
622-628 F7.4 [Msun] LogBHCIV [8.1/11]?=0 Single-epoch virial BH mass
based on CIV (Vestergaard & Peterson
2006ApJ...641..689V 2006ApJ...641..689V) (LOGBHCIVVP06)
630-636 F7.4 [Msun] e_LogBHCIV [0.02/4.5]?=- LogBHCIV uncertainty
(LOGBHCIVVP06_ERR)
638-643 F6.4 [Msun] LogBHMgII [8.3/10]?=0 Single-epoch virial BH mass
based on MgII (Shen+ 2011, J/ApJS/194/45)
(LOGBHMGIIS11)
645-651 F7.4 [Msun] e_LogBHMgII [0.018/3.3]?=- LogBHMgII uncertainty
(LOGBHMGIIS11_ERR)
653-659 F7.4 [Msun] LogBH [8.1/10.8]?=0 Adopted fiducial BH mass;
based on MgII if available, otherwise
based on CIV
661-667 F7.4 [Msun] e_LogBH [0.01/4.5]?=- LogBH uncertainty (LOGBH_ERR)
669-676 F8.4 [-] LogEdd [-1.7/0.6]?=- Eddington ratio based on the
fiducial BH mass (LOGEDD_RATIO)
678-684 F7.4 [-] e_LogEdd [0.019/4.5]?=- LogEdd uncertainty
(LOGEDDRATIOERR)
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Note (1): Bolometric luminosities were computed using a bolometric correction
of 5.15 (Richards+ 2006, J/ApJS/166/470) using the 3000Å monochromatic
luminosities.
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [AAS] 12-Aug-2020