J/ApJ/882/138 ALMA Spectroscopic Survey in the HUDF (ASPECS) (Decarli+, 2019)
The ALMA Spectroscopic Survey in the HUDF: CO luminosity functions and the
molecular gas content of galaxies through cosmic history.
Decarli R., Walter F., Gonzalez-Lopez J., Aravena M., Boogaard L.,
Carilli C., Cox P., Daddi E., Popping G., Riechers D., Uzgil B., Weiss A.,
Assef R.J., Bacon R., Bauer F.E., Bertoldi F., Bouwens R., Contini T.,
Cortes P.C., da Cunha E., Diaz-Santos T., Elbaz D., Inami H., Hodge J.,
Ivison R., Le Fevre O., Magnelli B., Novak M., Oesch P., Rix H.-W.,
Sargent M.T., Smail I., Swinbank A.M., Somerville R.S., van der Werf P.,
Wagg J., Wisotzki L.
<Astrophys. J., 882, 138 (2019)>
=2019ApJ...882..138D 2019ApJ...882..138D
ADC_Keywords: Galaxies, spectra; Surveys; Millimetric/submm sources; Redshifts;
Carbon monoxide; Infrared sources; Interstellar medium
Keywords: galaxies: evolution ; galaxies: high-redshift ; galaxies: ISM ;
galaxies: luminosity function, mass function ; surveys
Abstract:
We use the results from the ALMA large program ASPECS, the
spectroscopic survey in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field (HUDF), to
constrain CO luminosity functions of galaxies and the resulting
redshift evolution of ρ(H2). The broad frequency range covered
enables us to identify CO emission lines of different rotational
transitions in the HUDF at z>1. We find strong evidence that the CO
luminosity function evolves with redshift, with the knee of the CO
luminosity function decreasing in luminosity by an order of magnitude
from ∼2 to the local universe. Based on Schechter fits, we estimate
that our observations recover the majority (up to ∼90%, depending on
the assumptions on the faint end) of the total cosmic CO luminosity at
z=1.0-3.1. After correcting for CO excitation, and adopting a Galactic
CO-to-H2 conversion factor, we constrain the evolution of the cosmic
molecular gas density ρ(H2): this cosmic gas density peaks at
z∼1.5 and drops by a factor of 6.5-1.4+1.8 to the value measured
locally. The observed evolution in ρ(H2), therefore, closely
matches the evolution of the cosmic star formation rate density
ρSFR. We verify the robustness of our result with respect to
assumptions on source inclusion and/or CO excitation. As the cosmic
star formation history can be expressed as the product of the star
formation efficiency and the cosmic density of molecular gas, the
similar evolution of ρ(H2) and ρSFR leaves only little room
for a significant evolution of the average star formation efficiency
in galaxies since z∼3 (85% of cosmic history).
Description:
The ALMA Spectroscopic Survey in the HUDF (ASPECS;
Walter+ 2016ApJ...833...67W 2016ApJ...833...67W) Large Program (LP) survey consists of a
150hr program in ALMA Cycle 4 (Program ID: 2016.1.00324.L). ASPECS LP
comprises two scans, at 3mm and 1.2mm. The 3mm survey presented here
took 68hr of telescope time (including calibrations and overheads),
and was executed between 2016 December 2-21 (ALMA Cycle 4).
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table6.dat 55 41 Example of the line candidates entrying one of
the realizations of the CO luminosity functions
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See also:
II/261 : GOODS initial results (Giavalisco+, 2004)
III/250 : The VIMOS VLT deep survey (VVDS-DEEP) (Le Fevre+ 2005)
J/AJ/112/1335 : Hubble Deep Field observations (Williams+ 1996)
J/AJ/132/1729 : Hubble Ultra Deep Field BVI-dropout sources (Beckwith+, 2006)
J/AJ/132/926 : Galaxies in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field (Coe+, 2006)
J/AJ/134/169 : Redshifts of UDF emission-line objects (Xu+, 2007)
J/ApJ/682/985 : FIREWORKS photometry of GOODS CDF-S (Wuyts+, 2008)
J/ApJS/189/270 : MUSYC optical imaging in ECDF-S (Cardamone+, 2010)
J/A+A/511/A50 : JHks of GOODS-South field (Retzlaff+, 2010)
J/A+A/533/A119 : GOODS-Herschel North and South catalogs (Elbaz+, 2011)
J/ApJS/203/24 : Structural param. of galaxies in CANDELS (van der Wel+, 2012)
J/ApJ/769/80 : Spitzer/IRAC observations of five deep fields (Ashby+, 2013)
J/A+A/556/A55 : Multi-color phot. of star-forming galaxies (Ilbert+, 2013)
J/MNRAS/432/2696 : Galaxy luminosity function at z = 7-9 (McLure+, 2013)
J/ApJ/768/74 : PHIBSS: CO obs. of star-forming galaxies (Tacconi+, 2013)
J/ApJ/793/115 : UV-continuum slopes beta for z∼4-8 galaxies (Bouwens+, 2014)
J/ApJ/796/60 : ECDFS galaxies phot. redshifts & counterparts (Hsu+, 2014)
J/ApJS/214/24 : 3D-HST+CANDELS catalog (Skelton+, 2014)
J/ApJ/803/34 : z∼4-10 galaxies from HST legacy fields (Bouwens+, 2015)
J/ApJ/806/110 : ALESS survey: SMGs in the ECDF-S data (da Cunha+, 2015)
J/AJ/149/178 : Redshift cat. of galaxies in GOODS-South field (Morris+, 2015)
J/ApJS/225/27 : 3D-HST Survey: grism spectra master catalog (Momcheva+, 2016)
J/A+A/608/A2 : MUSE Hubble Ultra Deep Field Survey. II. (Inami+, 2017)
J/ApJS/228/2 : Chandra Deep Field-South survey: 7Ms sources (Luo+, 2017)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table6.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 8 F8.5 deg RAdeg [53.14/53.19] Right Ascension (J2000)
10- 18 F9.5 deg DEdeg [-27.8/-27.76] Declination (J2000)
20- 25 F6.4 --- zCO [0.11/3.61] Redshift, CO line
27- 31 F5.2 --- SN [4.9/36.2] Signal-to-Noise Ratio of CO Line
33- 36 F4.2 --- Cmp [0.46/1] Completeness (1)
38- 38 A1 --- cpt [YN] Does the line candidate have a
counterpart at optical/NIR wavelengths
with matching redshift?
40- 43 F4.2 --- fid [0.24/1] Fidelity of the line candidate (1)
45- 52 E8.3 K.km/s/pc2 LIR [1e+8/2.8e+10] Inferred line luminosity
54- 55 I2 --- Jup [1/4] Rotational quantum number of the upper
energy level of the transition
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Note (1): Completeness and fidelity defined in
Gonzalez-Lopez+ (2019ApJ...882..139G 2019ApJ...882..139G).
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 10-Feb-2021