J/ApJ/891/58 TIC star exposure times for JWST, LUVOIR and OST (Suissa+, 2020)
Dim prospects for transmission spectra of ocean Earths around M stars.
Suissa G., Mandell A.M., Wolf E.T., Villanueva G.L., Fauchez T., K
Kopparapu R.k.
<Astrophys. J., 891, 58 (2020)>
=2020ApJ...891...58S 2020ApJ...891...58S
ADC_Keywords: Exoplanets; Stars, diameters; Effective temperatures;
Stars, M-type; Models
Keywords: Exoplanet atmospheres ; Low mass stars ; Ocean planets ;
Habitable planets ; Exoplanet detection methods ; Transit photometry
Abstract:
The search for water-rich Earth-sized exoplanets around low-mass stars
is rapidly gaining attention because they represent the best
opportunity to characterize habitable planets in the near future.
Understanding the atmospheres of these planets and determining the
optimal strategy for characterizing them through transmission
spectroscopy with our upcoming instrumentation is essential in order
to constrain their environments. For this study, we present simulated
transmission spectra of tidally locked Earth-sized ocean-covered
planets around late-M to mid-K stellar spectral types, utilizing the
results of general circulation models previously published by
Kopparapu+ (2017ApJ...845....5K 2017ApJ...845....5K) as inputs for our radiative transfer
calculations performed using NASA's Planetary Spectrum Generator
(psg.gsfc.nasa.gov). We identify trends in the depth of H2O spectral
features as a function of planet surface temperature and rotation
rate. These trends allow us to calculate the exposure times necessary
to detect water vapor in the atmospheres of aquaplanets through
transmission spectroscopy with the upcoming James Webb Space Telescope
(JWST) as well as several future flagship space telescope concepts
under consideration (the Large UV Optical Infrared Surveyor (LUVOIR)
and the Origins Space Telescope (OST)) for a target list constructed
from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) Input Catalog
(TIC). Our calculations reveal that transmission spectra for
water-rich Earth-sized planets around low-mass stars will be dominated
by clouds, with spectral features <20ppm, and only a small subset of
TIC stars would allow for the characterization of an ocean planet in
the habitable zone. We thus present a careful prioritization of
targets that are most amenable to follow-up characterizations with
next-generation instrumentation, in order to assist the community in
efficiently utilizing precious telescope time.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table6.dat 367 61513 Exposure times calculated in this work
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See also:
II/246 : 2MASS All-Sky Catalog of Point Sources (Cutri+ 2003)
IV/38 : TESS Input Catalog - v8.0 (TIC-8) (Stassun+, 2019)
J/ApJ/757/112 : Stellar diameters. II. K and M-stars (Boyajian+, 2012)
J/ApJ/771/L45 : 3D models for exoplanet around M-star (Yang+, 2013)
J/ApJ/804/64 : Empirical and model parameters of 183 M dwarfs (Mann+, 2015)
J/ApJ/809/77 : Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) (Sullivan+, 2015)
J/ApJS/239/2 : Simulated exoplanets from TESS list of targets (Barclay+, 2018)
J/AJ/155/180 : A catalog of cool dwarf targets for the TESS (Muirhead+, 2018)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table6.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 9 I9 --- TIC [1179/471016753] TESS Input Catalog ID
11- 26 A16 --- 2MASS 2MASS identifier (HHMMSSss+DDMMSSs; J2000)
28- 34 F7.4 mag Vmag [6.6/21.5] Johnson V magnitude
36- 41 F6.3 mag Ksmag [2.9/11] 2MASS Ks magnitude
43- 47 A5 --- TFlag TESS magnitude flag
49- 59 F11.6 K Teff [2585.8/4500] Effective temperature (1)
61- 71 F11.9 Rsun Rad [0.1/0.9] Stellar radius (1)
73- 82 F10.7 Msun Mass [0.08/]?=99.9999 Stellar mass (1)
84- 88 A5 --- LumCl Luminosity class (1)
90- 101 F12.9 Lsun Lum [0.0006/]?=99.9999 Stellar luminosity (1)
103- 113 F11.6 pc Dist [1.3/8262.1] Distance (1)
115- 118 A4 --- f_TIC TIC properties flag (2)
120- 138 F19.8 h jwst2.7-0ppm [11/1.4e+9]?=99.9999 Exposure time for
JWST 2.7um no noise floor
140- 158 F19.8 h jwst1.4-0ppm [66.9/3.3e+9]?=99.9999 Exposure time for
JWST 1.4um no noise floor
160- 178 F19.8 h jwst1.8-0ppm [54/5.5e+9]?=99.9999 Exposure time for
JWST 1.8um no noise floor
180- 199 F20.8 h ost6.0-0ppm [20/2.6e+10]?=99.9999 Exposure time for
OST 6um no noise floor
201- 218 F18.8 h luva1.4-0ppm [12.6/6.1e+8]?=99.9999 Exposure time for
LUVOIR-A 1.4um no noise floor
220- 238 F19.8 h luva1.8-0ppm [10/1.1e+9]?=99.9999 Exposure time for
LUVOIR-A 1.8um no noise floor
240- 258 F19.8 h luvb1.4-0ppm [44.6/2.2e+9]?=99.9999 Exposure time for
LUVOIR-B 1.4um no noise floor
260- 278 F19.8 h luvb1.8-0ppm [36.7/3.8e+9]?=99.9999 Exposure time for
LUVOIR-B 1.8um no noise floor
280- 294 F15.8 h jwst2.7-1ppm [11/227062]?=99.9999 Exposure time for
JWST 2.7um 1ppm noise floor
296- 308 F13.7 h jwst2.7-3ppm [111/14253]?=99.9999 Exposure time for
JWST 2.7um 3ppm noise floor
310- 324 F15.8 h ost6.0-1ppm [20.6/902136]?=99.9999 Exposure time for
OST 6um 1ppm noise floor
326- 337 F12.7 h ost6.0-3ppm [242/3601]?=99.9999 Exposure time for
OST 6um 3ppm noise floor
339- 352 F14.8 h luva1.8-1ppm [16.7/23177]?=99.9999 Exposure time for
LUVOIR-A 1.8um 1ppm noise floor
354- 367 F14.8 h luvb1.8-1ppm [59/82029]?=99.9999 Exposure time for
LUVOIR-B 1.8um 1ppm noise floor
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Note (1): All stellar properties are taken from the TESS Input Catalog (TIC)
version 8 (see IV/38), unless missing values were otherwise calculated
ourselves (denoted in "f_TIC" column).
Note (2): Flag as follows:
TRML = stellar temperature, radius, mass, and luminosity were
available in the TIC (see IV/38); 52334 occurrences.
RML = radius, mass and luminosity were available in the TIC (see IV/38)
but the temperature had to be calculated
using (2019MNRAS.484.2674R 2019MNRAS.484.2674R) relations (7269 occurrences).
RM = Only radius and mass were available in the TIC (see IV/38) and the
temperature had to be calculated using (2019MNRAS.484.2674R 2019MNRAS.484.2674R)
relations (504 occurrences).
TR = Stellar temperature and radius were available in the TIC (see IV/38);
78 occurrences.
T = Stellar temperature was available in the TIC (see IV/38) but the
radius had to be calculated using (2019MNRAS.484.2674R 2019MNRAS.484.2674R) relations;
1328 occurrences.
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 06-Aug-2021