J/ApJ/893/27 TRENDS high-contrast imaging survey. VIII. (Gonzales+, 2020)
The TRENDS high-contrast imaging survey.
VIII. Compendium of benchmark objects.
Gonzales E.J., Crepp J.R., Bechter E.B., Wood C.M., Johnson J.A.,
Montet B.T., Isaacson H., Howard A.W.
<Astrophys. J., 893, 27 (2020)>
=2020ApJ...893...27G 2020ApJ...893...27G
ADC_Keywords: Stars, double and multiple; Stars, masses; Infrared sources
Keywords: Astrometric binary stars ; Binary stars ; Visual binary stars ;
Spectroscopic binary stars ; Direct imaging ; Brown dwarfs ;
Low mass stars ; Radial velocity ; M stars
Abstract:
The physical properties of faint stellar and substellar objects often
rely on indirect, model-dependent estimates. For example, the masses
of brown dwarfs are usually inferred using evolutionary models, which
are age dependent and have yet to be properly calibrated. With the
goal of identifying new benchmark objects to test low-mass stellar and
substellar models, we have carried out a comprehensive adaptive optics
survey as part of the TaRgetting bENchmark-objects with the Doppler
Spectroscopy (TRENDS) high-contrast imaging program. Using legacy
radial velocity measurements from the High Resolution Echelle
Spectrometer at Keck, we have identified several dozen stars that show
long-term Doppler accelerations. We present follow-up high-contrast
observations from the campaign and report the discovery of 31 comoving
companions, as well as 11 strong candidate companions, to solar-type
stars with well-determined parallax and metallicity values. Benchmark
objects of this nature lend themselves to orbit determinations,
dynamical mass estimates, and independent compositional assessment.
This compendium of benchmark objects will serve as a convenient test
group to substantiate theoretical evolutionary and atmospheric models
near the hydrogen fusing limit.
Description:
Targets were selected by analyzing legacy RV time series data obtained
from the High Resolution Echelle Spectrometer (HIRES) at Keck.
Complementary RV data was also obtained from the publicly available
Lick-Carnegie Exoplanet Survey (Butler+ 2017, J/AJ/153/208).
Standard observing methods used by the California Planet Search (CPS)
program (Howard+ 2010ApJ...721.1467H 2010ApJ...721.1467H) were implemented for RV
observations as has been done with previous TRENDS discoveries.
See Section 3.
Reconnaissance imaging observations span several observing seasons
starting as early as 2010 May. Observations were obtained in natural
guide star AO mode using NIRC2 (Instrument PI: Keith Matthews) on the
Keck II telescope. See Section 4.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table1.dat 72 39 TRENDS system parameters
table7.dat 45 133 Adaptive optics imaging observations
table8.dat 116 107 Astrometry and photometry: confirmed companions
table9.dat 116 15 Astrometry and photometry: candidate companions
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See also:
I/259 : The Tycho-2 Catalogue (Hog+ 2000)
II/246 : 2MASS All-Sky Catalog of Point Sources (Cutri+ 2003)
I/345 : Gaia DR2 (Gaia Collaboration, 2018)
J/ApJS/159/141 : Spectroscopic properties of cool stars. I. (Valenti+, 2005)
J/A+A/485/571 : Metallicities & activities of southern stars (Jenkins+, 2008)
J/MNRAS/403/1949 : UBV(RcIc)JHK photometry of HIP nearby stars (Koen+, 2010)
J/ApJ/725/331 : Astrometry in the Galactic Center (Yelda+, 2010)
J/ApJ/725/875 : Chromospheric activity for CPS stars (Isaacson+, 2010)
J/ApJ/757/112 : Stellar diameters. II. K and M-stars (Boyajian+, 2012)
J/ApJS/201/19 : Hawaii Infrared Parallax Program. I. (Dupuy+, 2012)
J/ApJ/753/156 : T/Y brown dwarfs with WISE photometry (Kirkpatrick+, 2012)
J/ApJS/208/9 : Intrinsic colors and temperatures of PMS stars (Pecaut+, 2013)
J/ApJS/225/10 : Kinematic analysis of M7-L8 dwarfs (Faherty+, 2016)
J/AJ/153/208 : LCES HIRES/Keck RV Exoplanet Survey (Butler+, 2017)
J/ApJS/231/15 : Astrometric monitoring of ultracool dwarf bin. (Dupuy+, 2017)
J/AJ/155/159 : RVs of the late-T dwarf GL 758 B host star (Bowler+, 2018)
J/AJ/155/180 : A catalog of cool dwarf targets for the TESS (Muirhead+, 2018)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 8 A8 --- Name Target name
10- 11 I2 h RAh Gaia DR2 Hour of right ascension (J2000)
13- 14 I2 min RAm Gaia DR2 Minute of right ascension (J2000)
16- 20 F5.2 s RAs Gaia DR2 Second of right ascension (J2000)
22 A1 --- DE- Gaia DR2 Sign of declination (J2000)
23- 24 I2 deg DEd Gaia DR2 Degree of declination (J2000)
26- 27 I2 arcmin DEm Gaia DR2 Arcminute of declination (J2000)
29- 33 F5.2 arcsec DEs Gaia DR2 Arcsecond of declination (J2000)
35- 39 F5.2 mas plx [5.13/44.4] Gaia DR2 parallax
41- 44 F4.2 mas e_plx [0.02/1.37] plx uncertainty
46- 52 F7.2 mas/yr pmRA [-565/402] Gaia DR2 proper motion in right
ascension direction (pmRA*cosDE)
54- 57 F4.2 mas/yr e_pmRA [0.04/1.5] pmRA uncertainty
59- 65 F7.2 mas/yr pmDE [-359/367] Gaia DR2 proper motion in declination
direction
67- 70 F4.2 mas/yr e_pmDE [0.04/1.6] pmDE uncertainty
72 A1 --- Comp "c"=confirmed companion; otherwise candidate
companions
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table7.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 8 A8 --- Name Target name
10- 12 A3 --- m_Name Component identifier
14- 20 F7.1 d JD [15342.1/17500.5]? Julian date of observation;
JD-2440000
22- 27 A6 --- Filt Filter used
29 A1 --- f_Filt [a] Flag on Filt (1)
31- 38 F8.3 s delt [0.5/2490]? Integration time, Δt
40- 43 I4 --- Array [128/1024]? Collecting array used
with Keck/NIRC2
45 A1 --- Comp "c"=confirmed companion; otherwise candidate
companions
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Note (1): Flag as follows:
a = Companion not resolved in filter, bad data, too small of a collecting area,
or coronagraph used and occulted companion.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table[89].dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 8 A8 --- Name Target name (1)
10- 11 A2 --- m_Name Component identifier
13- 19 A7 --- Filt Filter used
21- 24 F4.2 mag Delmag [0.4/6.1]? Magnitude difference in Filt (2)
26- 30 F5.3 mag e_Delmag [0/0.7]? Uncertainty in Deltamag (2)
32- 36 F5.2 mag CompMAG [1.3/10.8]? Companion absolute magnitude
in Filt (2)
38- 41 F4.2 mag e_CompMAG [0.02/10]? Uncertainty in Mcomp (2)
43 A1 --- f_CompMAG [d] Flag on CompMAG (3)
45- 51 F7.2 mas Sep [75.9/4778] Angular separation
53- 57 F5.2 mas e_Sep [0.1/18] Uncertainty in Sep
59- 64 F6.2 deg PA [5/356] Position angle (4)
66- 69 F4.2 deg e_PA [0.01/4] Uncertainty in PA
71- 76 F6.2 AU ProjSep [6.7/393] Projected separation
78- 81 F4.2 AU e_ProjSep [0.01/2] Uncertainty in ProjSep
83- 89 F7.2 m/s/yr vdot [-366/643]? Instantaneous acceleration (2)
91- 95 F5.2 m/s/yr e_vdot [0.07/16.1]? Uncertainty in vdot (2)
97-101 F5.2 Msun MRVmin [0.02/80]? Minimum mass (2)(5)
103-106 F4.2 Msun e_MRVmin [0.01/5]? Uncertainty in MRVmin (2)
108-111 F4.2 Msun MPhot [0.08/1.4]? Photometric mass (2)
113-116 F4.2 Msun e_MPhot [0.01/0.4]? Uncertainty in MPhot (2)
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Note (1): In Table 9, "HD156828 AC" was very likely a misprint
for "HD156826 AC"; corrected at CDS.
Note (2): A blank entry indicates that the observation set-up (see Table 7)
did not allow for analysis of this value due to any of the following:
Companion not resolved in filter, bad data, too small of collecting
area, or coronograph used and occulted companion.
Note (3): Flag as follows:
d = Low quality results from 2MASS Survey (very poor photometry; see II/246)
Note (4): Measured as East of North. In the event the images were taken in
vertical angle mode, de-rotation of the images was performed to
place each frame back into position angle mode.
Note (5): SPOCS catalog used to obtain stellar mass measurement of the
primary star and infer the dynamical minimum mass of the companion.
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
References:
Crepp et al. Paper I. 2012ApJ...761...39C 2012ApJ...761...39C
Crepp et al. Paper II. 2013ApJ...771...46C 2013ApJ...771...46C
Crepp et al. Paper III. 2013ApJ...774....1C 2013ApJ...774....1C
Montet et al. Paper IV. 2014ApJ...781...28M 2014ApJ...781...28M
Crepp et al. Paper V. 2014ApJ...781...29C 2014ApJ...781...29C
Crepp et al. Paper VI. 2016ApJ...831..136C 2016ApJ...831..136C
Crepp et al. Paper VII. 2018ApJ...864...42C 2018ApJ...864...42C
Gonzalez et al. Paper VIII. 2020ApJ...893...27G 2020ApJ...893...27G This catalog
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 04-Oct-2021