J/ApJ/897/177 142 high-redshift blazars at the cosmic dawn (Paliya+, 2020)
Blazars at the Cosmic Dawn.
Paliya V.S., Ajello M., Cao H.-M., Giroletti M., Kaur A., Madejski G.,
Lott B., Hartmann D.
<Astrophys. J., 897, 177 (2020)>
=2020ApJ...897..177P 2020ApJ...897..177P
ADC_Keywords: Active gal. nuclei; Black holes; QSOs ;Redshifts; Magnetic fields;
Spectra, radio; X-ray sources; Gamma rays
Keywords: Blazars ; Active galactic nuclei ; High-redshift galaxies ;
Radiative processes
Abstract:
The uncharted territory of the high-redshift (z≳3) universe holds the
key to understanding the evolution of quasars. In an attempt to
identify the most extreme members of the quasar population, that is,
blazars, we have carried out a multiwavelength study of a large sample
of radio-loud quasars beyond z=3. Our sample consists of nine
γ-ray-detected blazars and 133 candidate blazars selected based
on the flatness of their soft X-ray spectra (0.3-10keV photon index
≲1.75), including 15 with Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array
(NuSTAR) observations. The application of the likelihood profile
stacking technique reveals that the high-redshift blazars are faint
γ-ray emitters with steep spectra. The high-redshift blazars
host massive black holes (<logMBH,M☉≫9) and luminous accretion
disks (<Ldisk≫1046erg/s). Their broadband spectral energy
distributions are found to be dominated by high-energy radiation,
indicating their jets are among the most luminous ones. Focusing on
the sources exhibiting resolved X-ray jets (as observed with the
Chandra satellite), we find the bulk Lorentz factor to be larger with
respect to other z>3 blazars, indicating faster moving jets. We
conclude that the presented list of high-redshift blazars may act as a
reservoir for follow-up observations, such as with NuSTAR, to
understand the evolution of relativistic jets at the dawn of the
universe.
Description:
We have carried out a broadband study of 142 high-redshift (z>3),
radio-loud quasars that exhibit blazar-like characteristics, including
nine γ-ray detected and 15 with hard X-ray observations with
Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR).
File Summary:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ReadMe 80 . This file
table1.dat 64 142 Basic properties of 142 high-redshift blazars
studied in this work
table3.dat 93 176 The results of the spectral analysis of the analyzed
X-ray data obtained with Swift-XRT, XMM-Newton,
and/or Chandra satellites
table5.dat 79 142 Parameters used/derived from the SED modeling of
the high-redshift blazars
table7.dat 46 142 Various jet powers derived from the SED modeling
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See also:
VIII/65 : 1.4GHz NRAO VLA Sky Survey (NVSS) (Condon+ 1998)
VIII/51 : the FIRST Survey, version 1998Feb (White+ 1998)
VIII/59 : the FIRST Survey, version 1999Jul (White+ 1999)
VIII/71 : The FIRST Survey Catalog, Version 03Apr11 (Becker+ 2003)
VIII/76 : Leiden/Argentine/Bonn (LAB) Survey of Galactic HI (Kalberla+ 2005)
VIII/78 : Sydney University Molonglo Sky Survey (SUMSS) (Mauch+, 2006)
VIII/81 : Sydney University Molonglo Sky Survey (SUMSS V2.1) (Mauch+, 2008)
VII/259 : 6dF galaxy survey final redshift release (Jones+, 2009)
VIII/90 : The FIRST Survey Catalog, Version 12Feb16 (Becker+ 2012)
VIII/92 : The FIRST Survey Catalog, Version 2014Dec17 (Helfand+, 2015)
VII/274 : The Roma BZCAT - 5th edition (Massaro+, 2015)
VII/279 : SDSS quasar catalog: twelfth data release (Paris+, 2017)
J/AJ/130/1418 : AGN jet kinematics (Jorstad+, 2005)
J/AJ/133/313 : AGN from RASS and SDSS DR5 (Anderson+, 2007)
J/A+A/466/823 : Hard 2-10kev X-ray selected sources (Georgantopoulos+, 2007)
J/ApJ/699/603 : Evolution of Swift/BAT blazars (Ajello+, 2009)
J/MNRAS/397/1177 : Swift-XRT observations of GRBs (Evans+, 2009)
J/ApJ/716/30 : SED of Fermi bright blazars (Abdo+, 2010)
J/ApJS/194/45 : QSO properties from SDSS-DR7 (Shen+, 2011)
J/ApJ/748/49 : Optical spectroscopy of 1LAC broad-line blazars (Shaw+, 2012)
J/other/RMxAA/48.9 : Optical spectro. atlas of MOJAVE AGNs (Torrealba+, 2012)
J/AJ/146/10 : Spectro. of 120 emission-line ICRF2 candidates (Titov+, 2013)
J/ApJ/780/73 : Redshifts of BL Lac objects from Fermi (Ajello+, 2014)
J/ApJS/215/12 : BOSS narrow CIV absorption lines. II. zem>2.4 (Chen+, 2014)
J/MNRAS/441/1899 : Fermi bright blazars (Fuhrmann+, 2014)
J/other/Nat/515.376 : Power of relativistic jets in blazars (Ghisellini+, 2014)
J/MNRAS/448/1060 : Fermi/LAT broad emission line blazars (Ghisellini+, 2015)
J/ApJS/219/39 : QSOs selection from SDSS and WISE (Richards+, 2015)
J/ApJ/833/77 : gamma-ray bright blazars optical polarization (Itoh+, 2016)
J/ApJ/851/33 : Multi-wavelength analysis of CGRaBS blazars (Paliya+, 2017)
J/AJ/156/18 : APOGEE DR14:Binary comp. of evolved stars (Price-Whelan+, 2018)
J/ApJS/235/4 : The 105-month Swift-BAT all-sky hard X-ray survey (Oh+, 2018)
J/ApJ/874/43 : MOJAVE. XVII. Parsec-scale jet kinematics AGNs (Lister+, 2019)
J/ApJ/881/154 : BAT AGN spectroscopic survey. XVI. Blazars (Paliya+, 2019)
J/ApJ/892/105 : 4th catalog of Fermi LAT-detected AGNs (4LAC) (Ajello+, 2020)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 1 I1 --- Detect [0/1] Gamma-ray detected blazar
3- 7 A5 --- Cat Radio Catalog (1)
9- 24 A16 --- Name Position based name in Radio Catalog
26- 34 F9.5 deg RAdeg [0.28/360] Right Ascension (J2000) (2)
36- 44 F9.5 deg DEdeg [-86.3/81.6] Declination (J2000) (2)
46- 50 F5.3 --- z [3.001/5.803] Redshift (2)
52- 56 F5.2 mag Rmag [0/22.8] R band magnitude (2)
58- 64 F7.2 mJy Fradio [1.53/2417.6] Radio flux (1)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): The name and radio flux density values are adopted from NVSS, SUMSS,
or FIRST catalogs depending in which catalog the radio counterpart was
identified. For the source SUMSS J094156-861502 (or BZQ J0941-8615),
we provide the relevant information from the BZCAT catalog.
Note (2): The positional coordinates (R.A. and Decl., in J2000), redshift,
and R-band magnitudes are taken from the Million Quasar Catalog
(MQC 236 v6.4; Flesch+, 2019arXiv191205614F 2019arXiv191205614F) .
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table3.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 16 A16 --- Name Position based name in Radio Catalog
18- 22 F5.2 10+20cm-2 NH [0.74/34.3] Galactic neutral H column density
24- 29 F6.2 ks Texp [0.8/179.4] Observing exposure time
31- 36 F6.2 10-13mW/m2 FX [0.04/119] observed soft X-ray flux, erg/s/cm2
(1)
38- 43 F6.2 10-13mW/m2 b_FX [0.0/116.6] Lower limit on FX, erg/s/cm2
45- 50 F6.2 10-13mW/m2 B_FX [0.1/119.59] Upper limit on FX, erg/s/cm2
52- 56 F5.2 --- Gamma [0.2/1.9] power-law photon index
58- 62 F5.2 --- b_Gamma [-2.19/1.64] Lower limit on Gamma
64- 67 F4.2 --- B_Gamma [1.01/4.91] Upper limit on Gamma
69- 74 F6.2 --- Stat [0.64/910] C-statistic or χ2 from model
fitting
76- 78 I3 --- DOF [3/807] Degrees of freedom
80- 85 A6 --- Type Statistics type, c-stat or chi
87- 93 A7 --- Inst Satellite name
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): Soft X-ray flux is in the observed 0.3-10keV range for Swift/XMM or
0.5-7keV range for Chandra.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table5.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 16 A16 --- Name Position based name in Radio Catalog
18- 21 F4.2 --- z [3.0/5.81] Redshift of the blazar
23- 27 F5.2 [Msun] [MassBH] [8.7/10.3] log, black hole mass, solar units
29- 33 F5.2 [10-7W] [Lacc] [45.85/48] log, luminosity of accretion disk,
erg/s
35- 39 F5.3 pc Dist [0.07/0.995] Distance of emission region from
central black hole
41- 45 F5.3 pc RBLR [0.085/1.02] radius of spherical BLR
47- 50 F4.1 --- delta [9.3/22.6] Doppler factor
52- 53 I2 --- Gamma [5/14] Bulk Lorentz factor
55- 57 F3.1 gauss B [0.2/3.2] magnetic field, Gauss
59- 61 F3.1 --- p [1.1/2.2] slope, broken power law electron
energy distribution
63- 63 I1 --- gamma-m [1/4] minimum Lorentz factor, radiating
electrons
65- 67 I3 --- gamma-b [18/176] break Lorentz factor, radiating
electrons
69- 73 F5.2 [0.1J/m3] Ue [-2.9/-0.19] log, electron energy density,
erg/cm3
75- 79 F5.1 --- CD [2.9/593.2] Compton dominance
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table7.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 16 A16 --- Name Position based name in Radio Catalog
18- 22 F5.2 [10-7W] P-ele [43.38/46.14] Electron Power, log(erg/s)
24- 28 F5.2 [10-7W] P-mag [43.38/46.55] Magnetic Power, log(erg/s)
30- 34 F5.2 [10-7W] P-rad [44.42/47.73] Radiative Power, log(erg/s)
36- 40 F5.2 [10-7W] P-kin [45.82/48.66] Kinetic Power, log(erg/s)
42- 46 F5.2 [10-7W] P-jet [45.83/48.66] Jet Power, log(erg/s)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Coralie Fix [CDS], 29-Sep-2021