J/ApJ/897/74 Cold & molecular clumps and YSOs within G15.684-0.29 (Zhou+, 2020)
G15.684-0.29: One of the Largest Galactic Infrared Bubbles Showing Strong
Evidence of Triggered Star Formation.
Zhou J., Zhou D., Esimbek J., Baan W., Wu G., Ji W., He Y., Li D.,
Sailanbek S., Komesh T., Tang X.
<Astrophys. J., 897, 74 (2020)>
=2020ApJ...897...74Z 2020ApJ...897...74Z
ADC_Keywords: Interstellar medium; H II regions; YSOs; Molecular clouds;
Star Forming Region; Carbon monoxide; Photometry, infrared
Keywords: CO line emission ; Interstellar medium ; H II regions ; Dust shells ;
Molecular clouds ; Star formation
Abstract:
The bubble G15.684-0.29 has a radius of 15.7pc. Its large size
indicates that it may have enough time to trigger star formation. We
identify 39 dense cold clumps around the bubble from the HI-GAL
survey. All of them satisfy the criteria for forming massive stars,
and most of them lie in the bubble shell. We identify 19 molecular
clumps around the bubble from the 12CO(3-2) survey, all of which are
gravitationally bound. We found 9 Class I YSOs, 28 Class II YSOs, and
12 transition disks (TDs) around the bubble. For those young stellar
objects (YSOs) located within the bubble boundary, 6 of 7 Class I YSOs
lie in the shell, 15 of 22 Class II YSOs lie inside the bubble, and 3
of 5 TDs lie inside the bubble. The dynamical age of G15.684-0.29 in a
turbulent medium is ∼4Myr, which is much greater than the shell
fragmentation time, ∼0.82-1.74Myr. We suggest that triggered star
formation may be ongoing in the shell of the bubble, and the collect
and collapse model may work here. However, we cannot rule out the
possibility that the radiation-driven implosion model may work on the
formation of some YSOs. As we expected, the larger bubble has a much
longer dynamical age, but we failed to find a clear age gradient for
YSOs around the bubble.
Description:
The Herschel Infrared Galactic (Hi-GAL) Plane Survey is an Open Time
Key Project on board the Herschel Space Observatory, which mapped the
Inner Galaxy at 70 and 160µm with the Photoconductor Array Camera
and Spectrometer (PACS) and 250, 350, and 500µm with the Spectral
and Photometric Imaging Receiver (SPIRE) The spatial resolutions of
the images are 6", 12", 18", 24", and 35" for the five wavelength
bands, respectively.
The 12CO(3-2) High-Resolution Survey (COHRS) has been taken using
the Heterodyne Array Receiver Programme on the James Clerk Maxwell
Telescope (JCMT) in Hawaii. The survey has an angular resolution of
13.8", a velocity resolution of 0.42km/s (corresponding 0.488MHz), and
an rms of ∼2K (TA*). At this frequency, the main-beam efficiency is
0.61.
The Galactic Legacy Infrared Mid-Plane Survey Extraordinaire (GLIMPSE)
is a mid-infrared survey (3.6, 4.5, 5.8, and 8.0µm) of the Inner
Galaxy performed with the Spitzer Space Telescope. The angular
resolution is better than 2" at all wavelengths. The MIPS/Spitzer
Survey of the Galactic Plane (MIPSGAL) is a survey of the same region
as GLIMPSE at 24 and 70µm, using the Multiband Imaging Photometer
(MIPS) on board the Spitzer Space Telescope. The angular resolutions
at 24µm is 6".
Objects:
------------------------------------------------------------
RA (ICRS) DE Designation(s)
------------------------------------------------------------
18 20 16.1 -15 26 16 G15.684-0.29 = GAL 015.684-00.29
------------------------------------------------------------
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table1.dat 88 39 39 dense cold clumps from the Hi-GAL survey and
their parameters
table2.dat 78 19 19 molecular clumps identified from 12CO(3-2)
survey and their parameters
table3.dat 117 49 Magnitudes and evolution stages of 49 YSOs
table4.dat 108 49 SED fitting results of 49 YSOs
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See also:
J/A+A/275/67 : Velocity Field of the outer Galaxy (Brand+ 1993)
J/ApJ/428/693 : Rosette Nebula and Maddalena Cloud structures (Williams+, 1994)
J/AJ/130/586 : Compact radio sources in the galactic plane (White+, 2005)
J/ApJ/649/759 : Bubbles in the galactic disk (Churchwell+, 2006)
J/AJ/131/2525 : MAGPIS 20cm survey (Helfand+, 2006)
J/ApJ/657/884 : Spectroscopy of TTau and Herbig Ae/Be candidates (Lee+, 2007)
J/A+A/472/835 : JHKs and GLIMPSE photometry of RCW 120 (Zavagno+, 2007)
J/ApJS/184/18 : Spitzer survey of young stellar clusters (Gutermuth+, 2009)
J/MNRAS/415/1202 : BVI photometry in W5E HII region (Chauhan+, 2011)
J/MNRAS/424/2442 : Catalog of bubbles from Milky Way Project (Simpson+, 2012)
J/MNRAS/435/400 : ATLASGAL. Properties of compact HII regions (Urquhart+, 2013)
J/ApJS/212/1 : The WISE catalog of Galactic HII regions (Anderson+, 2014)
J/ApJ/797/40 : YSO candidates in the IR dust bubble N6 (Yuan+, 2014)
J/A+A/591/A5 : ATLASGAL dense filamentary structures (Li+, 2016)
J/A+A/606/A8 : Bubble HII region Sh2-39 (N5) (Duronea+, 2017)
J/MNRAS/471/100 : Hi-GAL compact source catalog. -71.0<l<67.0 (Elia+, 2017)
J/MNRAS/473/1059 : Complete sample Galactic clump properties (Urquhart+, 2018)
J/ApJ/885/131 : ∼200 high-mass SFR plx & proper motion with VLBI (Reid+, 2019)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 2 I2 --- Seq [1/39] Sequential number
4 A1 --- Rel Reliable
6- 27 A22 --- Name Clump designation
29- 40 A12 --- Stage Clump stage
42- 47 F6.2 km/s Vel [17.2/114] Velocity
49- 52 F4.2 km/s e_Vel [1/1.2] Error on Vel
54- 58 F5.2 kpc Dist [10/12.2] Distance
60- 63 F4.2 kpc e_Dist [0.2/1.6] Error on Dist
65- 69 F5.3 pc Rad [0.25/1.39] Radius
71- 78 F8.3 Msun Mass [141.2/4275] Mass
80- 88 F9.4 Msun Lmass [55.4/1678] Larson mass(870M☉(r/pc)1.33)
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table2.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 2 I2 --- Seq [1/19] Sequential number
4- 8 F5.2 deg GLON [15.57/15.75] Longitude
10- 14 F5.2 deg GLAT [-0.41/-0.16] Latitude
16- 20 F5.2 km/s Vel [54.7/57.8] Central velocity
22- 25 F4.2 km/s Width [2.28/6.77] Velocity width at pick of clump
27- 31 F5.2 kpc Dist [10.6/11.7] Distance
33- 36 F4.2 kpc e_Dist [0.81/1.5] Error in Dist
38- 41 F4.2 pc Rad [0.83/2.11] Effective radius
43- 47 F5.2 [/cm2] [H2] [22.05/22.17] H2 density
49- 55 E7.3 Msun Mass [667/6850] Clump mass
57- 63 E7.3 Msun Mvir [53.5/4250] Virial mass
65- 69 F5.2 --- Mratio [1.11/12.69] Mass/Mvir ratio
71 A1 --- Shell Clump lies in the bubble shell; Yes or No
73- 78 A6 --- Clump Associated dust clump
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table3.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 2 I2 --- Seq [1/49] Sequential number
4- 20 A17 --- Name YSO designation
22- 26 F5.2 mag Jmag [11.1/15.2]? 2MASS J-band magnitude
28- 31 F4.2 mag e_Jmag [0.02/0.08]? Error on Jmag
33- 37 F5.2 mag Hmag [8.65/14.3]? 2MASS H-band magnitude
39- 42 F4.2 mag e_Hmag [0.02/0.09]? Error on Hmag
44- 48 F5.2 mag Ksmag [7.43/13.5]? 2MASS Ks-band magnitude
50- 53 F4.2 mag e_Ksmag [0.02/0.08]? Error on Ksmag
55- 59 F5.2 mag 3.6mag [7.05/14.25]? Spitzer/IRAC 3.6um magnitude
61- 64 F4.2 mag e_3.6mag [0.03/0.18]? Error on 3.6mag
66- 70 F5.2 mag 4.5mag [6.75/13.9]? Spitzer/IRAC 4.5um magnitude
72- 75 F4.2 mag e_4.5mag [0.03/0.33]? Error on 4.5mag
77- 81 F5.2 mag 5.8mag [4.84/12.14]? Spitzer/IRAC 5.8um magnitude
83- 86 F4.2 mag e_5.8mag [0.03/0.28]? Error on 5.8um
88- 92 F5.2 mag 8.0mag [4.09/11.03]? Spitzer/IRAC 8.0um magnitude
94- 98 F5.2 mag e_8.0mag [0.02/0.2]? Error on 8um
100-103 F4.2 mag 24mag [1.24/7.32]? Spitzer/MIPS 24um magnitude
105-108 F4.2 mag e_24mag [0.02/0.18]? Error on 24mag
110-117 A8 --- Class YSO class type
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table4.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 2 I2 --- Seq [1/49] Sequential number
4- 20 A17 --- Name YSO designation
22- 26 F5.2 mag AV [0/34.3] Extinction
28- 31 F4.2 mag e_AV [0/3.7] Error on AV
33- 36 F4.2 Myr Age [0/4.17] Age
38- 41 F4.2 Myr e_Age [0/0.6] Error on Age
43- 47 F5.2 Msun Mass [2.91/22.3] Stellar mass
49- 52 F4.2 Msun e_Mass [0/2.2] Error on Mass
54- 58 F5.2 K Teff [4.26/34.28] Effective temperature (103K)
60- 63 F4.2 K e_Teff [0/4.9] Error on Teff (103K)
65- 70 F6.2 Msun Mdisk [0/333] Disk mass (10-3M☉)
72- 77 F6.2 Msun e_Mdisk [0/122] Error on Mdisk (10-3M☉)
79- 85 F7.2 Msun Menv [0/1108] Enveloppe mass
87- 91 F5.2 Msun e_Menv [0/62.7] Error on Menv
93- 96 F4.2 Msun/yr Menv/dt [0/6.1] Enveloppe accretion rate
(10-3M☉/yr)
98-101 F4.2 Msun/yr e_Menv/dt [0/0.2] Error on Menv/dt (10-3M☉/yr)
103-108 A6 --- Rim YSO inside or on the rim
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Prepared by Coralie Fix [CDS], 04-Oct-2021