J/ApJ/900/58 Opt-IR LC compilation of DES Stripe 82 quasars (Yang+, 2020)
Dust reverberation mapping in distant quasars from optical and mid-infrared
imaging surveys.
Yang Q., Shen Y., Liu X., Aguena M., Annis J., Avila S., Banerji M.,
Bertin E., Brooks D., Burke D., Carnero Rosell A., Carrasco Kind M.,
da Costa L., De Vicente J., Desai S., Diehl H.T., Doel P., Flaugher B.,
Fosalba P., Frieman J., Garcia-Bellido J., Gerdes D., Gruen D., Gruendl R.,
Gschwend J., Gutierrez G., Hinton S., Hollowood D.L., Honscheid K.,
Kuropatkin N., Maia M., March M., Marshall J., Martini P., Melchior P.,
Menanteau F., Miquel R., Paz-Chinchon F., Plazas Malagon A., Romer K.,
Sanchez E., Scarpine V., Schubnell M., Serrano S., Sevilla I., Smith M.,
Suchyta E., Tarle G., Varga T.N., Wilkinson R.
<Astrophys. J., 900, 58 (2020)>
=2020ApJ...900...58Y 2020ApJ...900...58Y
ADC_Keywords: QSOs; Photometry; Optical; Photometry, infrared; Redshifts;
Surveys
Keywords: Active galactic nuclei ; Quasars ; Dust continuum emission ;
Reverberation mapping
Abstract:
The size of the dust torus in active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and their
high-luminosity counterparts, quasars, can be inferred from the time
delay between UV/optical accretion disk continuum variability and the
response in the mid-infrared (MIR) torus emission. This dust
reverberation mapping (RM) technique has been successfully applied to
∼70 z≲0.3 AGNs and quasars. Here we present first results of our dust
RM program for distant quasars covered in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
Stripe 82 region combining ∼20yr ground-based optical light curves
with 10yr MIR light curves from the WISE satellite. We measure a
high-fidelity lag between W1 band (3.4µm) and g band for 587
quasars over 0.3≲z≲2 (∼0.8) and two orders of magnitude in quasar
luminosity. They tightly follow (intrinsic scatter ∼0.17dex in lag)
the IR lag-luminosity relation observed for z<0.3 AGNs, revealing a
remarkable size-luminosity relation for the dust torus over more than
four decades in AGN luminosity, with little dependence on additional
quasar properties such as Eddington ratio and variability amplitude.
This study motivates further investigations in the utility of dust RM
for cosmology and strongly endorses a compelling science case for the
combined 10yr Vera C. Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and
Time (optical) and 5yr Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope 2µm light
curves in a deep survey for low-redshift AGN dust RM with much lower
luminosities and shorter, measurable IR lags. The compiled optical and
MIR light curves for 7384 quasars in our parent sample are made public
with this work.
Description:
Our parent quasar sample includes the 9258 spectroscopically confirmed
broad-line quasars in the Stripe 82 (S82) region
(MacLeod+ 2012, J/ApJ/753/106) that are included in the SDSS DR7
quasar catalog (Shen+ 2011, J/ApJS/194/45).
We extract the WISE light curves from the latest observations up to
2019 December 13 (released on 2020 March 26) for 9258 S82 quasars,
using a matching radius of 2". See Section 2.2.
A total of 7384 of these S82 quasars --covered by DES-- have available
WISE light curves in W1.
We compile all available optical photometric data from various
ground-based imaging surveys that cover the S82 region, including
SDSS, PS1, DES, CRTS, ASAS-SN, PTF, and ZTF. See Sections 2.3 and 2.4.
Our finalcut sample includes 587 quasars with high-fidelity MIR lag
measurements in the quasar luminosity-redshift plane. See Section 3.5.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
qsos.dat 7 7384 The 7384 quasars in the parent sample, matched in
WISE and covered in DES; table added by CDS
table3.dat 62 1152709 Compiled light curves for the 7384 S82 quasars
table4.dat 149 587 Finalcut lag sample
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See also:
II/311 : WISE All-Sky Data Release (Cutri+ 2012)
II/349 : The Pan-STARRS release 1 (PS1) Survey - DR1 (Chambers+, 2016)
II/357 : The Dark Energy Survey (DES): Data Release 1 (Abbott+, 2018)
VII/289 : SDSS quasar catalog, sixteenth data release (DR16Q) (Lyke+, 2020)
J/ApJS/95/1 : Atlas of Quasar Energy Distributions (Elvis+ 1994)
J/AJ/131/2766 : Quasar luminosity function from SDSS-DR3 (Richards+, 2006)
J/AJ/134/973 : SDSS Stripe 82 star catalogs (Ivezic+, 2007)
J/ApJ/696/870 : Catalina Real-time Transient Survey (CRTS) (Drake+, 2009)
J/ApJ/698/895 : Variations in QSOs optical flux (Kelly+, 2009)
J/ApJ/743/156 : NEOWISE obs. of NEOs: preliminary results (Mainzer+, 2011)
J/ApJ/753/106 : Quasar variability with SDSS and POSS imaging (MacLeod+, 2012)
J/ApJS/194/45 : QSO properties from SDSS-DR7 (Shen+, 2011)
J/AJ/144/49 : Quasars from SDSS-DR7, WISE and UKIDSS surveys (Wu+, 2012)
J/A+A/558/A149 : VLTI/MIDI AGN Large Program observations (Burtscher+, 2013)
J/ApJS/206/4 : SED and bol. corrections for luminous QSOs (Krawczyk+, 2013)
J/ApJ/788/48 : X-ray through NIR photometry of NGC 2617 (Shappee+, 2014)
J/ApJ/788/159 : 17 Seyfert 1 galaxies light curves (Koshida+, 2014)
J/ApJ/792/30 : NEOWISE magnitudes for near-Earth objects (Mainzer+, 2014)
J/ApJ/794/120 : Sloan Digital Sky Survey coadd. Stripe 82 (Annis+, 2014)
J/ApJS/216/4 : SDSS-RM project: technical overview (Shen+, 2015)
J/ApJS/219/39 : QSOs selection from SDSS and WISE (Richards+, 2015)
J/ApJ/801/127 : 3.6um, 4.5um, B & V light curves of NGC 6418 (Vazquez+, 2015)
J/ApJ/817/119 : Spitzer/IRAC var. survey of Bootes field (Kozlowski+, 2016)
J/ApJ/818/30 : Lag measurements for 15 z<0.8 QSOs from SDSS-RM (Shen+, 2016)
J/ApJ/836/186 : Continuum-band lags in SDSS QSOs from PS1 obs. (Jiang+, 2017)
J/ApJ/851/21 : SDSS RM project first year of observations (Grier+, 2017)
J/ApJ/854/160 : SDSS & DES long-term extreme var. QSOs (Rumbaugh+, 2018)
J/ApJ/862/123 : griz light curves of 15 DES quasars (Mudd+, 2018)
J/ApJ/880/126 : SDSS RM project: continuum lags (Homayouni+, 2019)
J/ApJS/249/18 : The ZTF catalog of periodic variable stars (Chen+, 2020)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: qsos.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 7 I7 --- DBID [70/7913279] Object ID of SDSS S82 quasar
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table3.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 7 I7 --- DBID [70/7913279] Object ID of SDSS S82 quasar
9- 22 F14.8 d MJD [51075.2/58830.5] Modified Julian Date
24- 27 A4 --- Survey Survey identifier (1)
29- 30 A2 --- Band Photometric filter (gri, V or W1)
32- 37 F6.3 mag mag [10.1/29.1] Apparent magnitude in Band (2)
39- 44 F6.3 mag e_mag [0.001/21.61]?=99.999 Uncertainty in mag
46- 53 F8.4 mJy Flux [0/106] Flux density in Band
55- 62 E8.2 mJy e_Flux [3e-6/4.3] Uncertainty in Flux
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Note (1): Survey as follows:
SDSS = Sloan Digital Sky Survey (S82 region) in g-band (1998-2007);
432801 occurrences.
ZTF = Zwicky Transient Facility (Bellm+ 2019PASP..131a8002B 2019PASP..131a8002B) g-band (2018);
203317 occurrences.
PS1 = Pan-STARRS (Chambers+ 2016, II/349) in g, r and i-band (2011-2014);
171901 occurrences.
DES = Dark Energy Survey (Abbott+ 2018, II/357) in g, r & i-band (2013-2018);
165748 occurrences.
WISE = The all-sky Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (II/311) W1 band
(2010-2019); 100417 occurrences.
CRTS = Catalina Real-time Transient Survey (Drake+ 2009, J/ApJ/696/870),
unfiltered (2005-2013); 69237 occurrences.
PTF = Palomar Transient Factory (Law+ 2009PASP..121.1395L 2009PASP..121.1395L) in g-band
(2009-2014); 9288 occurrences.
Note (2): AB for optical magnitudes and Vega for WISE magnitudes.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table4.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 7 I7 --- DBID [2401/7907462] Object ID of SDSS S82 quasar
9- 18 F10.6 deg RAdeg Right Ascension (J2000)
20- 28 F9.6 deg DEdeg [-1.26/1.26] Declination (J2000)
30- 35 F6.4 --- z [0.2/3.34] Spectroscopic redshift
37- 42 F6.3 [10-7W] logLbol [44.55/47.65]? log bolometric luminosity;
in erg/s units (1)
44- 48 F5.3 [10-7W] e_logLbol [0.001/0.081]? Uncertainty in logLbol
50- 55 F6.3 [Msun] logBH [7.23/10.15]? log fiducial single-epoch
black hole mass (1)
57- 61 F5.3 [Msun] e_logBH [0.018/2]? Uncertainty in BH
63- 68 F6.3 [-] logEdd [-2.98/0.3]? log Eddington ratio based
on logBH
70- 71 I2 --- Nep [12/15] Number of WISE epochs
73- 78 F6.3 mag W1mag [11.75/16.13] WISE 3.4um band weighted
average magnitude
80- 84 F5.3 mag RMS [0.02/0.41] W1-band intrinsic RMS
86- 90 F5.3 mag e_RMS [0.005/0.08] Uncertainty in RMS
92- 96 F5.3 --- SNR [4/5.5] S/N of W1-band intrinsic RMS
98-104 F7.4 --- RMax [-0.43/0.98] Peak correlation from ICCF (2)
106-111 F6.4 --- RWMax [0.53/0.99] Peak correlation from the
weighted ICCF (WCCF=ICCFxPMIR)
113-118 F6.1 d Peak [69/5952] Peak location of WCCF
120-125 F6.4 --- fPeak [0.5/1] Primary lag peak
127-133 F7.2 d tau [79/4415] JAVELIN time delay in observed frame
135-141 F7.2 d e_tau [4/4389] Lower 1σ limit in tau
143-149 F7.2 d E_tau [116/4631] Upper 1σ limit in tau
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Note (1): From Shen et al. (2011, J/ApJS/194/45).
Note (2): ICCF = the interpolated cross-correlation function
(Gaskell & Peterson 1987ApJS...65....1G 1987ApJS...65....1G & Peterson+ 1998PASP..110..660P 1998PASP..110..660P;
see Section 3).
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 15-Dec-2021