J/ApJ/902/133 Neutrino expectations for blazar flares (Kreter+, 2020)
On the detection potential of blazar flares for current neutrino telescopes.
Kreter M., Kadler M., Krauss F., Mannheim K., Buson S., Ojha R.,
Wilms J., Bottcher M.
<Astrophys. J., 902, 133 (2020)>
=2020ApJ...902..133K 2020ApJ...902..133K
ADC_Keywords: Active gal. nuclei; Gamma rays; QSOs
Keywords: Active galactic nuclei ; Blazars ; Neutrino astronomy ;
Gamma-ray astronomy
Abstract:
Blazar jets are extreme environments, in which relativistic proton
interactions with an ultraviolet photon field could give rise to
photopion production. High-confidence associations of individual
high-energy neutrinos with blazar flares could be achieved via
spatially and temporally coincident detections. In 2017, the
track-like, extremely high-energy neutrino event IC 170922A was found
to coincide with increased γ-ray emission from the blazar
TXS0506+056, leading to the identification of the most promising
neutrino point-source candidate so far. We calculate the expected
number of neutrino events that can be detected with IceCube, based on
a broadband parameterization of bright short-term blazar flares that
were observed in the first 6.5yr of Fermi/Large Area Telescope
observations. We find that the integrated keV-to-GeV fluence of most
individual blazar flares is far too small to yield a substantial
Poisson probability for the detection of one or more neutrinos with
IceCube. We show that the sample of potentially detectable high-energy
neutrinos from individual blazar flares is rather small. We further
show that the blazars 3C 279 and PKS 1510-089 dominate the all-sky
neutrino prediction from bright and short-term blazar flares. In the
end, we discuss strategies to search for more significant associations
in future data unblindings of IceCube and KM3NeT.
Description:
We used daily binned Fermi/LAT γ-ray light curves of a sample of
150 bright blazars monitored daily by the LAT.
We use Swift/XRT and Fermi/LAT data to characterize the high-energy
emission hump of the blazar spectral energy distribution (SED) during
the selected bright flares.
File Summary:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ReadMe 80 . This file
table1.dat 62 50 Neutrino expectation for the 50 best-ranked flares
for 7 sources
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See also:
J/ApJ/743/171 : The 2LAC catalog (Ackermann+, 2011)
J/ApJS/218/23 : Fermi LAT third source catalog (3FGL) (Acero+, 2015)
J/ApJ/810/14 : Third catalog of LAT-detected AGNs (3LAC) (Ackermann+, 2015)
J/ApJ/813/51 : γ-ray to IR study of the blazar CTA 102 (Casadio+, 2015)
J/ApJ/833/117 : VERITAS gamma-ray TeV LCs of 6 blazars (Turley+, 2016)
J/ApJS/245/18 : 9yr R-band photopolarimetric data of 3C 279 (Fraija+, 2019)
J/ApJ/880/32 : Opt./γ-ray flares for Fermi-LAT blazars (Liodakis+, 2019)
J/ApJ/891/68 : MgII, FeII & 3000Å LCs of CTA102 (Chavushyan+, 2020)
J/ApJS/257/37 : Multiwavelength data for 3C 279 & 3C 454.3 (Paliya+, 2021)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 12 A12 --- Name Source
14 A1 --- Flag [*] *=flares with quasi-simultaneous data
16- 17 I2 --- Flare [1/50] Flare number
19- 24 I6 mW/m2/d phiGam [66603/260238] Time-averaged integrated
γ-ray energy flux, in erg/cm2/s/day
26- 30 I5 d tmin [55408/57609] Flare start, Modified Julian
Date (JD-2400000.5)
32- 36 I5 d tmax [55447/57610] Flare stop, Modified Julian
Date (JD-2400000.5)
38- 44 F7.4 --- NnuMax [0.01/11.71] Maximum number of neutrino events
46- 52 F7.4 10-2 NnuPred [0.027/29.3] Predicted neutrino number for
each flare (Nνpred=f*NnuMax with
f=0.025; see Section 2.3)
54- 56 I3 d Dur [1/240] Duration
58- 62 F5.3 10-3 Ndotnu [0.27/3.32] Neutrino rate per flare
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDs] 21-Apr-2022