J/ApJ/906/120 X-Ray binary population in M31 (Lazzarini+, 2021)
Multiwavelength Characterization of the High-mass X-Ray Binary Population of
M31.
Lazzarini M., Williams B.F., Durbin M., Dalcanton J., Antoniou V.,
Binder B.A., Eracleous M., Plucinsky P.P., Sasaki M., Vulic N.
<Astrophys. J., 906, 120 (2021)>
=2021ApJ...906..120L 2021ApJ...906..120L
ADC_Keywords: Galaxies; Binaries, X-ray; Effective temperatures; Stars, masses;
Stars, diameters; Stars, ages; Extinction; Ultraviolet
Keywords: High mass x-ray binary stars ; X-ray binary stars ; Andromeda
Galaxy ; Binary stars
Abstract:
We present our analysis of high-quality high-mass X-ray binary (HMXB)
candidates in M31 selected from point-source optical counterpart
candidates from the Chandra-PHAT survey catalog. We fit the spectral
energy distributions of optical counterpart candidates using the
Bayesian Extinction and Stellar Tool. We used the best-fit luminosity,
effective temperature, radius, and dust reddening for the companion
stars in combination with the local star formation history, dust maps
of M31, published X-ray spectral fits from XMM-Newton observations, IR
colors, and Chandra X-ray hardness ratios to determine our best sample
of HMXB candidates. The age distribution of the HMXB sample appears
peaked between 10 and 50Myr, consistent with findings in other nearby
galaxies. Using the age distribution and mean star formation rate
(SFR), we find that 80-136HMXBs were produced per unit of SFR over the
last 50Myr and 89-163HMXBs were produced per unit of SFR over the last
80Myr, if we expand the assumed age limit beyond the lifetimes of
single massive stars. We also calculate the HMXB production rate
(HMXBs/M☉) over time, which ranges from 7x10-7 to
4x10-6HMXBs/M☉ over the last 80Myr, in agreement with both
theoretical predictions and measured production rates in other
galaxies.
Description:
We used X-ray and optical/near-UV catalogs of the northern disk of M31
to determine the best HMXB candidate sample. The optical/near-UV
source catalog is from the PHAT survey (Williams+, 2014,
J/ApJS/215/9), and the X-ray source catalog comes from the
Chandra-PHAT survey, the details of which, including detailed
reduction techniques, counterpart candidate identification, and
cross-correlations with other work, are discussed in Williams+, 2018,
J/ApJS/239/13. Finally, we include X-ray spectral information of the
sources from the XMM-Newton study of Sasaki+, 2018, J/A+A/620/A28.
Objects:
-----------------------------------------
RA (2000) DE Designation(s)
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00 42 44.33 +41 16 07.5 M31 = M 31
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File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table1.dat 168 57 SED fit parameters for point-source optical
counterparts to Chandra-PHAT X-ray sources
table3.dat 107 57 Values used to determine the best HMXB candidate
sample
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See also:
J/A+A/467/585 : Sources detected by ISGRI (Bodaghee+, 2007)
J/ApJS/193/31 : M33 Chandra ACIS survey: final catalog (Tullmann+, 2011)
J/MNRAS/419/2095 : HMXBs in nearby galaxies (Mineo+, 2012)
J/other/Sci/337.444 : RV curves of Galactic massive O stars (Sana+, 2012)
J/ApJ/764/41 : X-ray binary evolution across cosmic time (Fragos+, 2013)
J/A+A/558/A3 : XMM-Newton point-source catalogue of the SMC (Sturm+, 2013)
J/ApJS/215/9 : PHAT X. UV-IR photometry of M31 stars (Williams+, 2014)
J/ApJ/802/127 : PHAT stellar cluster survey. II. AP catalog (Johnson+, 2015)
J/ApJS/222/15 : WATCHDOG: all-sky database of Galactic BHXBs (Tetarenko+, 2016)
J/A+A/620/A28 : XMM northern disc of M31 sources (Sasaki+, 2018)
J/ApJS/239/13 : Chandra PHAT X-ray catalog of the M31 disk (Williams+, 2018)
J/ApJ/887/20 : Deep Chandra survey of the SMC. III. HMXBs (Antoniou+, 2019)
J/ApJS/243/3 : Chandra observations of SINGS galaxies (Lehmer+, 2019)
J/AJ/159/119 : HST emission line survey Andromeda. I. Be stars (Peters+, 2020)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 18 A18 --- CXO Chandra-PHAT identifier from
Williams+, 2018, J/ApJS/239/13
20- 28 F9.6 deg RAdeg [10.9/11.8] Degree of right ascension (J2000)
30- 38 F9.6 deg DEdeg [41.2/42.3] Degree of declination (J2000)
40- 59 A20 --- HMXB Candidate's companion star in the PHAT catalog,
Williams+, 2014, J/ApJS/215/9
61- 64 F4.2 --- L0.35 [0.13/9.23] Chandra 0.35-8.0keV luminosity
(1036erg/s)
66- 69 F4.2 --- e_L0.35 [0.05/0.5] Negative error on L0.35
71- 74 F4.2 --- E_L0.35 [0.07/0.5] Positive error on L0.35
76- 78 F3.1 [K] Teff [3.7/4.8] log effective temperature
80- 82 F3.1 [K] e_Teff [0.1/0.3] negative error on Teff
84- 86 F3.1 [K] E_Teff [0/0.4] positive error on Teff
88- 90 F3.1 [erg/s] Lum [2.5/6.2] log luminosity
92- 94 F3.1 [erg/s] e_Lum [0.1/0.6] negative error on Lum
96- 98 F3.1 [erg/s] E_Lum [0.1/0.8] positive error on Lum
100-104 F5.1 Rsun Rad [3.2/865] Radius
106-109 F4.1 Rsun e_Rad [0.2/77] negative error on Rad
111-115 F5.1 Rsun E_Rad [0.3/123] Positive error on Rad
117-119 F3.1 mag AVmag [0.2/5.2] dust extinction
121-123 F3.1 mag e_AVmag [0.1/2] negative error on AVmag
125-127 F3.1 mag E_AVmag [0.1/0.9] positive error on AVmag
129-130 I2 Msun Mass [4/45] Mass
132-133 I2 Msun e_Mass [1/22] Negative error on Mass
135-136 I2 Msun E_Mass [1/24] Positive error on Mass
138-140 F3.1 [yr] Age [6.6/7.9] log SED age
142-144 F3.1 [yr] e_Age [0/0.8] negative error on Age
146-148 F3.1 [yr] E_Age [0/0.5] positive error on Age
150-151 I2 Myr SFH [5/71]? Local SFH (100x100pc) age
153-154 I2 Myr e_SFH [3/65]? negative error on SFH
156-157 I2 Myr E_SFH [3/65]? positive error on SFH
159-161 I3 --- ID [33/360]? Identifier from
Sasaki+, 2018, J/A+A/620/A28
163-168 A6 --- Class Class from Sasaki+, 2018 J/A+A/620/A28
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table3.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 18 A18 --- CXO Chandra-PHAT identifier from
Williams+, 2018, J/ApJS/239/13
20- 23 F4.2 mag AVBEAST [0.2/5.2] Dust extinction from BEAST SED fits
25- 28 F4.2 mag e_AVBEAST [0.02/2] Negative error on AVBEAST
30- 33 F4.2 mag E_AVBEAST [0.05/1] Positive error on AVBEAST
35- 38 F4.2 mag AVPHAT [0.04/2.25] Dust extinction from PHAT Survey;
Dalcanton+, 2015ApJ...814....3D 2015ApJ...814....3D
40- 43 F4.2 mag e_AVPHAT [0.09/2] Error on AVPHAT
45- 53 E9.6 --- pAV [1e-16/1.2] Probability of AVBEAST (1)
55- 61 E7.6 /cm2 NH [1.4e+20/3.7e+22]? XMM H density
63- 65 I3 --- ID [33/360]? Identifier from
Sasaki+, 2018, J/A+A/620/A28
67- 78 A12 --- Comment XMM Comment (2)
80- 89 A10 --- SpT Spectral type(s)
91- 95 F5.2 --- HR1 [-0.8/0.35] Chandra hardness ratio
HR1=(M-S)/(H+M+S)
97-101 F5.2 --- HR2 [-0.15/0.98] Chandra Hardness Ratio 2
HR2=(H-M)/(H+M+S)
103-107 F5.2 --- Color [0/1.4] F110W-F160 color
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Note (1): Probability given the lognormal dust distribution from the
PHAT dust maps at the position of the HMWB candidate.
Note (2): Comments as follows:
Galaxy = the XMM spectral fit classifies the source as a galaxy behind the
disk of M31
No XMM match = there is no match in the XMM source catalog for the
Chandra-PHAT source, and the S18 ID
No XMM spec = there is a match in the XMM source catalog but there are not
enough counts (<100) for a spectral fit
XMM spec = the XMM source corresponding to the Chandra-PHAT source has
sufficient counts (>or=100) for a spectral fit
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Prepared by Coralie Fix [CDS], 23-May-2022