J/ApJ/910/105 VLA Frontier Fields survey for 3 MACS clusters (Heywood+, 2021)
The VLA Frontier Fields survey: deep, high-resolution radio imaging of the MACS
lensing clusters at 3 and 6GHz.
Heywood I., Murphy E.J., Jimenez-Andrade E.F., Armus L., Cotton W.D.,
DeCoursey C., Dickinson M., Lazio T.J.W., Momjian E., Penner K., Smail I.,
Smirnov O.M.
<Astrophys. J., 910, 105 (2021)>
=2021ApJ...910..105H 2021ApJ...910..105H
ADC_Keywords: Clusters, galaxy; Radio continuum; Gravitational lensing;
Redshifts; Cross identifications; Optical
Keywords: Radio continuum emission ; Extragalactic radio sources ;
Galaxy clusters ; Gravitational lensing ; Very Large Array
Abstract:
The Frontier Fields project is an observational campaign targeting six
galaxy clusters, with the intention of using the magnification
provided by gravitational lensing to study galaxies that are extremely
faint or distant. We used the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA) at
3 and 6GHz to observe three Frontier Fields: MACS J0416.1-2403 (z=0.396),
MACS J0717.5+3745 (z=0.545), and MACS J1149.5+2223 (z=0.543). The
images reach noise levels of ∼1µJy/beam with subarcsecond
resolution (∼2.5kpc at z=3), providing a high-resolution view of
high-z star-forming galaxies that is unbiased by dust obscuration. We
generate dual-frequency continuum images at two different resolutions
per band, per cluster, and derive catalogs totaling 1966 compact radio
sources. Components within the areas of Hubble Space Telescope and
Subaru observations are cross-matched, providing host galaxy
identifications for 1296 of them. We detect 13 moderately lensed
(2.1<µ<6.5) sources, one of which has a demagnified peak brightness
of 0.9µJy/beam, making it a candidate for the faintest radio source
ever detected. There are 66 radio sources exhibiting complex
morphologies, and 58 of these have host galaxy identifications. We
reveal that MACS J1149.5+2223 is not a cluster with a double relic, as
the western candidate relic is resolved as a double-lobed radio galaxy
associated with a foreground elliptical at z=0.24.
Description:
The data were taken with the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA) in
its A (77.91hr) and C (8.34hr) configurations using the S-band
(2-4GHz) and C-band (5-7GHz) receivers, for a total of 86.25hr. A
summary of the radio observations is provided in Table 1.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table1.dat 93 3 Coordinates and calibrators for each of the 3 target
clusters, as well as the on-source integration
times for each of the configuration/band pairings
table3.dat 49 13 Magnifications and demagnified integrated flux
densities, peak brightnesses, and effective noise
levels for the 13 lensed compact radio sources
presented in Figure 6
table4.dat 85 26 Positions and integrated flux densities of
the extended radio sources in MACS J0416.1-2403
table5.dat 85 21 Positions and integrated flux densities of
the extended radio sources in MACS J0717.5+3745
table6.dat 85 19 Positions and integrated flux densities of
the extended radio sources in MACS J1149.5+2223
m0416opt.dat 349 343 MACSJ0416.1-2403 3GHz-detected compact radio sources
with optical counterpart
m0416rad.dat 209 162 MACSJ0416.1-2403 3GHz-detected compact radio sources
without optical counterpart
m0717opt.dat 349 535 MACSJ0717.5+3745 3GHz-detected compact radio sources
with optical counterpart
m0717rad.dat 209 326 MACSJ0717.5+3745 3GHz-detected compact radio sources
without optical counterpart
m1149opt.dat 349 418 MACSJ1149.5+2223 3GHz-detected compact radio sources
with optical counterpart
m1149rad.dat 209 182 MACSJ1149.5+2223 3GHz-detected compact radio sources
without optical counterpart
s0416.dat 120 78 MACSJ0416.1-2403 C-band (6GHz) compact component
morphology
s0717.dat 120 87 MACSJ0717.5+3745 C-band (6GHz) compact component
morphology
s1149.dat 120 97 MACSJ1149.5+2223 C-band (6GHz) compact component
morphology
img/* . 12 The four images for each cluster in FITS format
(see Table 2)
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See also:
J/MNRAS/380/199 : SCUBA Half-Degree Extragalactic Survey. III (Ivison+, 2007)
J/ApJS/211/21 : Spectroscopic redshifts of galaxies in MACS (Ebeling+, 2014)
J/A+A/569/A52 : Ultra steep spectrum radio sources (Singh+, 2014)
J/MNRAS/454/952 : Chandra Deep Field-South ATLAS 5.5GHz DR2 (Huynh+, 2015)
J/MNRAS/460/4433 : SDSS Stripe 82 VLA 1-2GHz survey (Heywood+, 2016)
J/ApJ/819/114 : Strong lensing masses of 4 HFF clusters (Kawamata+, 2016)
J/A+A/600/A90 : MACS J0416.1-2403 redshift catalogue (Caminha+, 2017)
J/A+A/602/A1 : VLA-COSMOS 3 GHz Large Project (Smolcic+, 2017)
J/ApJ/875/80 : Faint radio sources in GOODSN & S. I. VLA 5GHz (Gim+, 2019)
http://science.nrao.edu/science/surveys/vla-ff : NRAO VLA FF survey home page
http://www.stsci.edu/~postman/CLASH/ : CLASH home page
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 9 A9 --- Cl Abbreviated cluster name
11- 12 I2 h RAh Hour of right ascension (J2000)
14- 15 I2 min RAm Minute of right ascension (J2000)
17- 20 F4.1 s RAs Second of right ascension (J2000)
22 A1 --- DE- Sign of declination (J2000)
23- 24 I2 deg DEd Degree of declination (J2000)
26- 27 I2 arcmin DEm Arcminute of declination (J2000)
29- 32 F4.1 arcsec DEs Arcsecond of declination (J2000)
34- 38 F5.3 --- z [0.39/0.55] Redshift
40- 44 A5 --- Cal1 Primary calibrator
46- 55 A10 --- Cal2 Secondary calibrator
57- 61 F5.2 h Exp1 [8.3/18.1] Integration time for Conf1
63- 65 A3 --- Conf1 Band , Configuration
67- 70 F4.2 h Exp2 [1.39] Integration time for Conf2
72- 74 A3 --- Conf2 Band , Configuration
76- 80 F5.2 h Exp3 [6.96/22.3] Integration time for Conf3
82- 84 A3 --- Conf3 Band , Configuration
86- 89 F4.2 h Exp4 [1.39] Integration time for Conf4
91- 93 A3 --- Conf4 Band , Configuration
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table3.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 2 I2 --- Fig [1/13] Pannel number
4- 29 A26 --- ID Identifier
31- 34 F4.2 --- mu [2.11/6.45] Magnification µ
36- 39 F4.2 uJy Sint [1.96/9.99] Demagnified integrated flux density
Sintdemagnified
41- 44 F4.2 uJy/beam Spk [0.9/5.1] Peak brightness, Speakdemagnified
46- 49 F4.2 uJy/beam sigma [0.14/0.44] Effective noise level,
σdemagnified
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table[456].dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 26 A26 --- ID Identifier
28- 36 F9.5 deg RAdeg [63.8/177.7] Right ascension (J2000)
38- 46 F9.5 deg DEdeg [-24.2/38] Declination (J2000)
48- 52 I5 --- CLASH [18841/99186]? Optical identifier from CLASH
54- 58 F5.3 --- zBPZ [0.024/3.53]? Redshift
60- 65 F6.2 mJy SHigh [0.49/396.5] Integrated flux density
from S-HIGH images
67- 71 F5.3 mJy e_SHigh [0.02/1.1] SHigh uncertainty
73- 80 F8.3 mJy SLow [2/1320.6]? Integrated flux density, low
from S-LOW images
82- 85 F4.2 mJy e_SLow [0.03/1.2]? SLow uncertainty
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: m*.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 26 A26 --- ID Identifier (NAME)
28- 36 F9.5 deg RAdeg [63.8/178] Right ascension (J2000) (RA)
38- 46 F9.5 deg DEdeg [-24.3/38] Declination (J2000) (DEC)
48- 51 F4.2 deg e_RAdeg [0/0.25] RAdeg 1σ uncertainty
(SIGMA_RA) (1)
53- 56 F4.2 deg e_DEdeg [0/0.22] DEdeg 1σ uncertainty
(SIGMA_DEC) (1)
58- 64 F7.2 uJy SintS [0.02/6287] Integrated S-band flux density
(INTFLUXDENS_S)
66- 70 F5.2 uJy e_SintS [0.49/60] SintS 1σ uncertainty
(SIGMAINTFLUXDENSS)
72- 78 F7.2 uJy/beam SpkS [0.2/6331] Peak S-band brightness
(PEAKBRIGHTS)
80- 84 F5.2 uJy/beam e_SpkS [0.02/34] SpkS 1σ uncertainty
(SIGMAPEAKBRIGHT_S)
86- 92 F7.2 uJy/beam FluxS [0.2/6309] "Best" S-band flux density (S*)
(BESTFLUXS) (2)
94- 98 F5.2 uJy/beam e_FluxS [0.49/39] FluxS 1σ uncertainty
(SIGMABESTFLUX_S)
100-103 F4.2 --- PBS [0.15/1] Assumed S-band primary beam
correction factor that has been applied to
S-band fluxes (PB_S)
105-111 F7.2 uJy SintC [7/3090]? Integrated C-band flux
(INTFLUXDENS_C)
113-117 F5.2 uJy e_SintC [1.4/12]? SintC 1σ uncertainty
(SIGMAINTFLUXDENSC)
119-125 F7.2 uJy/beam SpkC [5.5/3098]? Peak C-band brightness
(PEAKBRIGHTC)
127-130 F4.2 uJy/beam e_SpkC [1/7.5]? SpkC 1σ uncertainty
(SIGMAPEAKBRIGHT_C)
132-138 F7.2 uJy/beam FluxC [6.7/3094]? "Best" C-band flux density
(BESTFLUXC)
140-143 F4.2 uJy/beam e_FluxC [0.9/7]? FluxC 1σ uncertainty
(SIGMABESTFLUX_C)
145-149 F5.2 --- PBC [-0.2/0.99]? Assumed C-band primary beam
correction factor that has been applied to
C-band fluxes (PB_C)
151-155 F5.2 --- alpha [-1.64/5.46]? Spectral index α (ALPHA)
(3)
157-160 F4.2 --- e_alpha [0.01/0.6]? alpha 1σ uncertainty
(SIGMA_ALPHA)
162-165 F4.2 arcsec IMmaj [0.29/4] Major axis (IM_MAJ) (4)
167-173 F7.5 arcsec e_IMmaj [0/0.7] IMmaj uncertainty (SIGMAIMMAJ)
175-178 F4.2 arcsec IMmin [0.01/3] Minor axis (IM_MIN) (4)
180-183 F4.2 arcsec e_IMmin [0/0.5] IMmin uncertainty (SIGMAIMMIN)
185-190 F6.2 deg IMPA Position angle, east of north (IM_PA) (4)
192-197 F6.2 deg e_IMPA [0/180] IMPA uncertainty (SIGMAIMPA)
199-202 F4.2 arcsec DCmaj [0/4] Major axis of the deconvolved
components in the S-HIGH images (DC_MAJ)
(5)
204-207 F4.2 arcsec e_DCmaj [0.01/9.3] DCmaj uncertainty
(SIGMADCMAJ)
209 I1 --- Res [0/1] Resolved flag (RESOLVED_FLAG) (6)
211-215 I5 --- Deep [0/20048]? ID of the assumed optical host
galaxy in the DeepSpace (Shipley+
2018ApJS..235...14S 2018ApJS..235...14S) catalogs
(DEEPSPACE_ID) (7)
217-225 F9.5 deg RADdeg [64/178]? DeepSpace host galaxy right
ascension (J2000) (DEEPSPACE_RA)
227-235 F9.5 deg DEDdeg [-24.2/38]? DeepSpace host galaxy
declination (J2000) (DEEPSPACE_DEC)
237-240 F4.2 arcsec SepD [0/0.4]? Radial separation of the
DeepSpace match (DEEPSPACE-VLA_SEP)
242-245 F4.2 --- zsp [0.18/2.1]? Spectroscopic redshift of the
DeepSpace match (Z_SPEC)
247-250 F4.2 --- zpk [0.18/4.43]? Preferred photometric redshift
of the DeepSpace match (Z_PEAK) (8)
252-255 F4.2 --- b_zpk [0.1/3.6]? zpk lower 68% confidence
interval (ZPEAKL)
257-260 F4.2 --- B_zpk [0.2/4.6]? zpk upper 68% confidence
interval (ZPEAKU)
262-266 F5.2 [Msun] logMs [8.7/12.4]? Log of the stellar mass of
the host galaxy (M_STAR) (9)
268-272 F5.2 [Msun/yr] logSFR [-6.8/3.9]? Log of the star formation rate
of the host galaxy (SFR) (9)
274-279 F6.2 [Msun/yr] logsSFR [-17.3/-6.68]? Log pf the specific star
formation rate of the host galaxy (SSFR)
(9)
281-285 I5 --- CLASH [0/93032]? ID of the assumed optical host
galaxy in the CLASH catalogs (SUBARU_ID)
287-295 F9.5 deg RACdeg [63.8/178]? CLASH right ascension
(J2000) (SUBARU_RA)
297-305 F9.5 deg DECdeg [-24.3/38]? CLASH declination (J2000)
(SUBARU_DEC)
307-310 F4.2 arcsec SepC [0/1]? Radial separation of the CLASH
match (SUBARU_SEP)
312-316 F5.2 mag zmag [14.9/26.7]? CLASH Subaru z-band
magnitude (ZMAG)
318-321 F4.2 mag e_zmag [0/0.3]? Uncertainty on the zmag (DZMAG)
323-326 F4.2 --- zBPZ [0.02/4.8]? Bayesian Photo-z redshift
computed from the Subaru photometry
(Z_BPZ) (10)
328-331 F4.2 --- b_zBPZ [0/4.2]? zBPZ lower limit (ZBPZLOWER)
333-336 F4.2 --- B_zBPZ [0.04/5]? zBPZ upper limit (ZBPZUPPER)
338-341 F4.2 --- muMed [0.8/6.5]? Median lensing magnification
value derived from the best available
redshift (MU_MEDIAN) (11)
343-346 F4.2 --- muMAD [0/2.1]? Median absolute deviation of the
magnification (MU_MAD)
348-349 I2 --- Nmod [0/10]? The number of independent
weak-lensing shear and mass surface
density models used to compute µ
(N_MODELS) (12)
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Note (1): Note that these are uncertainties derived from the component fitting
routines of PyBDSF, and as such do not include any systematic
astrometric offsets.
Note (2): Please refer to Section 3.4 for further details.
Note (3): Spectral index (α) for the component, derived from the S-band
and matched-resolution C-band catalogs. Please refer to Section 4.2
for details.
Note (4): Major and minor axes and position angle of the fitted components
in the S-HIGH images, together with the associated 1σ uncertainties,
as derived from the component fitting routines in PyBDSF. Values of 0.0
in these columns mean the component is unresolved in one or more
dimensions.
Note (5): The major axis is the source finder's estimates of the intrinsic
angular extent of the radio component; however, the uncertainties in
the deconvolved size are determined using the method described in
Section 3.4. Values of 0.0 mean the component is unresolved in one or
more dimensions.
Note (6): A Boolean flag which is 1 if the source is deemed to be reliably
resolved, 0 otherwise, based on the projection of the source major
axis along the major axis of the restoring beam. See Section 3.4 for
further details.
Note (7): Note that in the DeepSpace catalogs these IDs begin from zero
for each cluster, and so are not unique across all fields.
Note (8): Preferred photometric redshift of the DeepSpace match as returned
by the EAZY code (Brammer+ 2008ApJ...686.1503B 2008ApJ...686.1503B), where available.
Note (9): As listed in the DeepSpace catalogs, derived using the FAST code
(Kriek+ 2018ascl.soft03008K).
Note (10): Bayesian Photo-z (BPZ) redshift computed from the Subaru photometry.
Please refer to Umetsu+ (2014ApJ...795..163U 2014ApJ...795..163U) and
Medezinski+ (2013ApJ...777...43M 2013ApJ...777...43M) for details about the CLASH data,
and the determination of photometric redshifts.
Note (11): Preference is given to spectroscopic redshifts; however, the
photometric values are used for the majority of objects where only
such measurements are available.
Note (12): Values derived from several models tend to be closer to the
high-magnification regions in the center of the cluster, covering the
HST area. Please refer to Section 3.6 for details of the magnification
calculations.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: s*.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 26 A26 --- ID Identifier (NAME)
28- 36 F9.5 deg RAdeg [63.92/178] Right ascension (J2000) (RA)
38- 46 F9.5 deg DEdeg [-24.2/38] Declination (J2000) (DEC)
48- 56 F9.5 deg e_RAdeg [63.92/178] RAdeg 1σ uncertainty
(SIGMA_RA)
58- 66 F9.5 deg e_DEdeg [-24.2/38] DEdeg 1σ uncertainty
(SIGMA_DEC)
68- 72 F5.3 arcsec IMmaj [0.23/1.4] Major axis (IM_MAJ)
74- 78 F5.3 arcsec e_IMmaj [0.001/0.22] IMmaj uncertainty (SIGMAIMMAJ)
80- 84 F5.3 arcsec IMmin [0.2/0.7] Minor axis (IM_MIN)
86- 90 F5.3 arcsec e_IMmin [0.001/0.2] IMmin uncertainty (SIGMAIMMIN)
92- 98 F7.3 deg IMPA [0.95/179] Position angle, east of north (IM_PA)
100-106 F7.3 deg e_IMPA [0.01/180] IMPA uncertainty (SIGMAIMPA)
108-112 F5.3 arcsec DCmaj [0/1.4] Major axis of the deconvolved
components in the S-HIGH images (DC_MAJ)
114-118 F5.3 arcsec e_DCmaj [0.001/1.7] DCmaj uncertainty (SIGMADCMAJ)
120 I1 --- Res [0/1] Resolved flag (RESOLVED_FLAG)
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History:
From electronic version of the journal for Tables 1, 3-6.
Catalogs and images downloaded from:
http://science.nrao.edu/science/surveys/vla-ff/data
References:
Jimenez-Andrade et al. Comp. pap. 2021ApJ...910..106J 2021ApJ...910..106J Cat. J/ApJ/910/106
(End) Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 18-Aug-2022