J/ApJ/910/139 Feedback from outflows in AGNs. III. Mrk78 (Revalski+, 2021)
Quantifying feedback from narrow line region outflows in nearby active galaxies.
III. Results for the Seyfert 2 galaxies Markarian 3, Markarian 78, and NGC 1068.
Revalski M., Meena B., Martinez F., Polack G.E., Crenshaw D.M.,
Kraemer S.B., Collins N.R., Fischer T.C., Schmitt H.R., Schmidt J.,
Maksym W.P., Rafelski M.
<Astrophys. J., 910, 139 (2021)>
=2021ApJ...910..139R 2021ApJ...910..139R
ADC_Keywords: Galaxies, Seyfert; Active gal. nuclei; Spectra, optical
Keywords: Active galaxies ; Active galactic nuclei ; AGN host galaxies ;
Emission line galaxies ; Seyfert galaxies ; Markarian galaxies ;
Supermassive black holes ; Galaxy kinematics ; Galaxy winds ;
Interstellar medium wind
Abstract:
Outflows of ionized gas driven by active galactic nuclei (AGN) may
significantly impact the evolution of their host galaxies. However,
determining the energetics of these outflows is difficult with
spatially unresolved observations that are subject to strong global
selection effects. We present part of an ongoing study using Hubble
Space Telescope and Apache Point Observatory spectroscopy and imaging
to derive spatially resolved mass outflow rates and energetics for
narrow-line region outflows in nearby AGN that are based on
multi-component photoionization models to account for spatial
variations in gas ionization, density, abundances, and dust content.
This expanded analysis adds Mrk 3, Mrk 78, and NGC 1068, doubling our
earlier sample. We find that the outflows contain total ionized gas
masses of M∼105.5-107.5M☉ and reach peak velocities of
v∼800-2000km/s. The outflows reach maximum mass outflow rates of
dM/dtout3-12M☉/yr and encompass total kinetic energies of
E∼1054-1056erg. The outflows extend to radial distances of
r∼0.1-3kpc from the nucleus, with the gas masses, outflow energetics,
and radial extents positively correlated with AGN luminosity. The
outflow rates are consistent with in situ ionization and acceleration
where gas is radiatively driven at multiple radii. These radial
variations indicate that spatially resolved observations are essential
for localizing AGN feedback and determining the most accurate outflow
parameters.
Description:
The archival HST spectroscopy and [OIII] imaging used in this study
were obtained with the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS),
Wide Field and Planetary Camera 2 (WFPC2), and Faint Object Camera
(FOC). We retrieved calibrated data (DOI:10.17909/t9-4581-8p50) from
the Mikulski Archive at the Space Telescope Science Institute (MAST).
To investigate jet-gas interactions within the narrow line region
(NLR), Mrk 78 was observed extensively with HST/STIS using the G140L,
G430L, G430M, and G750M gratings with a 52"x0.2" slit (Prog ID 7404,
PI: M. Whittle).
For [OIII] imaging, we use FOC observations through the F502M filter
with F550M for continuum subtraction (Program ID 5140, PI: F. Macchetto).
We observed Mrk 78 with the Dual Imaging Spectrograph (DIS) on the
Apache Point Observatory (APO) 3.5m telescope to obtain deep
spectroscopy of the ionized gas outside of the narrow HST slits.
See Section 2.2.
Objects:
----------------------------------------------------------
RA (ICRS) DE Designation(s)
----------------------------------------------------------
07 42 41.70 +65 10 37.4 Mrk 78 = LEDA 21624
----------------------------------------------------------
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ReadMe 80 . This file
table4.dat 209 31 Mrk 78 HST STIS flux-weighted average emission
line ratios
table4a.dat 203 203 Mrk 78 HST STIS observed emission line ratios
from slits A-D
table4b.dat 223 203 Mrk 78 HST STIS reddening-corrected emission line
ratios from slits A-D
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See also:
B/hst : HST Archived Exposures Catalog (STScI, 2007)
J/A+A/442/137 : HI observations of WHISP disk galaxies (Noordermeer+, 2005)
J/ApJ/661/L143 : Star formation rate in Seyfert galaxies (Wang+, 2007)
J/ApJ/676/184 : Peculiar motion away from the Local Void (Tully+, 2008)
J/A+A/564/A125 : AGN Torus model comparison of AGN in CDFS (Buchner+, 2014)
J/MNRAS/480/2302 : Extended emission-line regions of obscured AGN (Sun+, 2018)
J/MNRAS/486/4290 : AGN-driven winds through IR emission. II. (Baron+, 2019)
J/A+A/630/A59 : ALMA datacubes for 48 QSOs (Bischetti+, 2019)
J/A+A/622/A146 : MAGNUM survey galaxies images (Mingozzi+, 2019)
J/MNRAS/492/3073 : CALIFA galaxies hosting an AGN (Lacerda+, 2020)
J/ApJ/902/26 : HST opt. & H-band obs. of Cepheids in NGC4151 (Yuan+, 2020)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table4.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 5 F5.2 arcsec Pos [-3.2/3.2] Spatial distance from nucleus (G1)
7- 10 F4.2 --- Ne5-3426 [0.5/3.2]? The [NeV] 3426Å line ratio (G2)
12- 15 F4.2 --- e_Ne5-3426 [0.29/3.2]? Uncertainty in Ne5-3426
17- 20 F4.2 --- O2-3727 [1.5/6.8]? The [OII] 3727Å line ratio (G2)
22- 25 F4.2 --- e_O2-3727 [0.4/4.6]? Uncertainty in O2-3727
27- 30 F4.2 --- Ne3-3869 [0.58/5]? The [NeIII] 3869Å line ratio (G2)
32- 35 F4.2 --- e_Ne3-3869 [0.3/5]? Uncertainty in Ne3-3869
37- 40 F4.2 --- He+Ne3 [0.28/1.5]? The Hε+[NeIII]3969Å
line ratio (G2)
42- 45 F4.2 --- e_He+Ne3 [0.19/1.2]? Uncertainty in He+Ne3
47- 50 F4.2 --- S2-4074 [0.24/0.8]? The [SII] 4074Å line ratio (G2)
52- 55 F4.2 --- e_S2-4074 [0.13/0.8]? Uncertainty in S2-4074
57- 60 F4.2 --- Hd [0.2/1.4]? The Hδ line ratio (G2)
62- 65 F4.2 --- e_Hd [0.18/1.4]? Uncertainty in Hd
67- 70 F4.2 --- Hg [0.28/1.1]? The Hγ line ratio (G2)
72- 75 F4.2 --- e_Hg [0.16/1]? Uncertainty in Hg
77- 80 F4.2 --- O3-4363 [0.16/0.9]? The [OIII] 4363Å line ratio (G2)
82- 85 F4.2 --- e_O3-4363 [0.06/0.7]? Uncertainty in O3-4363
87- 90 F4.2 --- He2-4686 [0.14/0.7]? The HeII 4686Å line ratio (G2)
92- 95 F4.2 --- e_He2-4686 [0.07/0.7]? Uncertainty in He2-4686
97-100 F4.2 --- Hb [1] The Hβ line ratio (G2)
102-105 F4.2 --- e_Hb [0.16/1] Uncertainty in Hb
107-110 F4.2 --- O3-4959 [2/6.2] The [OIII] 4959Å line ratio (G2)
112-115 F4.2 --- e_O3-4959 [0.57/5.7] Uncertainty in O3-4959
117-121 F5.2 --- O3-5007 [6/18] The [OIII] 5007Å line ratio (G2)
123-127 F5.2 --- e_O3-5007 [1.7/16] Uncertainty in O3-5007
129-132 F4.2 --- O1-6300 [0.15/1.1]? The [OI] 6300Å line ratio (G2)
134-137 F4.2 --- e_O1-6300 [0.13/1.1]? Uncertainty in O1-6300
139-142 F4.2 --- O1-6363 [0.09/0.11]? The [OI] 6363Å line ratio (G2)
144-147 F4.2 --- e_O1-6363 [0.04/0.07]? Uncertainty in O1-6363
149-152 F4.2 --- N2-6548 [0.54/1]? The [NII] 6548Å line ratio (G2)
154-157 F4.2 --- e_N2-6548 [0.13/0.9]? Uncertainty in N2-6548
159-162 F4.2 --- Ha [2/2.9] The Hα line ratio (G2)
164-167 F4.2 --- e_Ha [0.7/2.9] Uncertainty in Ha
169-172 F4.2 --- N2-6584 [1/2.8]? The [NII] 6584Å line ratio (G2)
174-177 F4.2 --- e_N2-6584 [0.38/2.7]? Uncertainty in N2-6584
179-182 F4.2 --- S2-6716 [0.3/1.5]? The [SII] 6716Å line ratio (G2)
184-187 F4.2 --- e_S2-6716 [0.1/1.5]? Uncertainty in S2-6716
189-192 F4.2 --- S2-6731 [0.38/2.7]? The [SII] 6731Å line ratio (G2)
194-197 F4.2 --- e_S2-6731 [0.12/2.7]? Uncertainty in S2-6731
199-203 F5.2 mW/m2 FHb [0.04/42.6] The Hβ line flux; erg/s/cm2
205-209 F5.2 mW/m2 e_FHb [0.03/23] Uncertainty in FHb
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table4a.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 A1 --- Slit [A-D] Slit identifier
3- 7 F5.2 arcsec Pos [-3.5/3.2] Spatial distance from nucleus (G1)
9- 12 F4.2 --- Ne5-3426 [0.29/2.4]? The [NeV] 3426Å line ratio (G2)
14- 17 F4.2 --- e_Ne5-3426 [0.1/2.2]? Uncertainty in Ne5-3426 (G2)
19- 22 F4.2 --- O1-3727 [0.67/5.7]? The [OI] 3727Å line ratio (G2)
24- 27 F4.2 --- e_O1-3727 [0.1/6.2]? Uncertainty in O1-3727 (G2)
29- 32 F4.2 --- Ne3-3869 [0.3/2.3]? The [NeIII]3869Å line ratio (G2)
34- 37 F4.2 --- e_Ne3-3869 [0.1/2.3]? Uncertainty in Ne3-3869 (G2)
39- 42 F4.2 --- He+Ne3 [0.16/1]? The Hε+[NeIII]3969Å
line ratio (G2)
44- 47 F4.2 --- e_He+Ne3 [0.07/1.2]? Uncertainty in He+Ne3 (G2)
49- 52 F4.2 --- S2-4074 [0.2/0.7]? The [SII] 4074Å line ratio (G2)
54- 57 F4.2 --- e_S2-4074 [0.1/0.7]? Uncertainty in S2-4074 (G2)
59- 62 F4.2 --- Hd [0.18/1.4]? The Hδ line ratio (G2)
64- 67 F4.2 --- e_Hd [0.13/1.8]? Uncertainty in Hd (G2)
69- 72 F4.2 --- Hg [0.2/1.2]? The Hγ line ratio (G2)
74- 77 F4.2 --- e_Hg [0.08/1.7]? Uncertainty in Hg (G2)
79- 82 F4.2 --- O3-4363 [0.1/1.4]? The [OIII] 4363Å line ratio (G2)
84- 87 F4.2 --- e_O3-4363 [0.05/2.8]? Uncertainty in O3-4363 (G2)
89- 92 F4.2 --- He2-4686 [0.1/0.9]? The HeII 4686Å line ratio (G2)
94- 97 F4.2 --- e_He2-4686 [0.06/1.1]? Uncertainty in He2-4686 (G2)
99-102 F4.2 --- Hb [1]? The Hβ line ratio (G2)
104-107 F4.2 --- e_Hb [0.06/0.99]? Uncertainty in Hb (G2)
109-112 F4.2 --- O3-4959 [1.46/8.6]? The [OIII]4959Å line ratio (G2)
114-117 F4.2 --- e_O3-4959 [0.24/8.6]? Uncertainty in O3-4959 (G2)
119-123 F5.2 --- O3-5007 [4.4/26]? The [OIII] 5007Å line ratio (G2)
125-129 F5.2 --- e_O3-5007 [0.7/26]? Uncertainty in O3-5007 (G2)
131-134 F4.2 --- O1-6300 [0.15/2.4]? The [OI] 6300Å line ratio (G2)
136-139 F4.2 --- e_O1-6300 [0.14/4]? Uncertainty in O1-6300 (G2)
141-144 F4.2 --- O1-6363 [0.23/0.6]? The [OI] 6363Å line ratio (G2)
146-149 F4.2 --- e_O1-6363 [0.1/0.9]? Uncertainty in O1-6363 (G2)
151-154 F4.2 --- N2-6548 [0.58/6.3]? The [NII] 6548Å line ratio (G2)
156-159 F4.2 --- e_N2-6548 [0.1/6.3]? Uncertainty in N2-6548 (G2)
161-165 F5.2 --- Ha [1.59/21.1]? The Hα line ratio (G2)
167-171 F5.2 --- e_Ha [0.5/21]? Uncertainty in Ha (G2)
173-177 F5.2 --- N2-6584 [0.96/18.5]? The [NII]6584Å line ratio (G2)
179-183 F5.2 --- e_N2-6584 [0.3/18.4]? Uncertainty in N2-6584 (G2)
185-188 F4.2 --- S2-6716 [0.48/4.2]? The [SII] 6716Å line ratio (G2)
190-193 F4.2 --- e_S2-6716 [0.18/3.9]? Uncertainty in S2-6716 (G2)
195-198 F4.2 --- S2-6731 [0.5/4.5]? The [SII] 6731Å line ratio (G2)
200-203 F4.2 --- e_S2-6731 [0.2/3.6]? Uncertainty in S2-6731 (G2)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table4b.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 A1 --- Slit [A-D] Slit identifier
3- 7 F5.2 arcsec Pos [-3.5/3.2] Spatial distance from nucleus (G1)
9- 12 F4.2 --- Ne5-3426 [0.48/4.4]? The [NeV] 3426Å line ratio (1)
14- 17 F4.2 --- e_Ne5-3426 [0.2/5.5]? Uncertainty in Ne5-3426 (1)
19- 23 F5.2 --- O1-3727 [1/11.7]? The [OI] 3727Å line ratio (1)
25- 29 F5.2 --- e_O1-3727 [0.2/11]? Uncertainty in O1-3727 (1)
31- 34 F4.2 --- Ne3-3869 [0.4/5.1]? The [NeIII] 3869Å line ratio (1)
36- 39 F4.2 --- e_Ne3-3869 [0.15/7.6]? Uncertainty in Ne3-3869 (1)
41- 44 F4.2 --- He+Ne3 [0.2/2]? The Hε+[NeIII]3969Å
line ratio (1)
46- 49 F4.2 --- e_He+Ne3 [0.1/1.6]? Uncertainty in He+Ne3 (1)
51- 54 F4.2 --- S2-4074 [0.24/1.1]? The [SII] 4074Å line ratio (1)
56- 59 F4.2 --- e_S2-4074 [0.13/1]? Uncertainty in S2-4074 (1)
61- 64 F4.2 --- Hd [0.2/1.4]? The Hδ line ratio (1)
66- 69 F4.2 --- e_Hd [0.15/1.8]? Uncertainty in Hd (1)
71- 74 F4.2 --- Hg [0.24/1.3]? The Hγ line ratio (1)
76- 79 F4.2 --- e_Hg [0.1/2.2]? Uncertainty in Hg (1)
81- 84 F4.2 --- O3-4363 [0.12/1.7]? The [OIII] 4363Å line ratio (1)
86- 89 F4.2 --- e_O3-4363 [0.05/3.6]? Uncertainty in O3-4363 (1)
91- 94 F4.2 --- He2-4686 [0.1/1]? The HeII 4686Å line ratio (1)
96- 99 F4.2 --- e_He2-4686 [0.06/1.1]? Uncertainty in He2-4686 (1)
101-104 F4.2 --- Hb [1]? The Hβ line ratio (1)
106-109 F4.2 --- e_Hb [0.06/1]? Uncertainty in Hb (1)
111-114 F4.2 --- O3-4959 [1.46/8.1]? The [OIII] 4959Å line ratio (1)
116-119 F4.2 --- e_O3-4959 [0.23/8.1]? Uncertainty in O3-4959 (1)
121-125 F5.2 --- O3-5007 [4.4/23.7]? The [OIII] 5007Å line ratio (1)
127-131 F5.2 --- e_O3-5007 [0.7/23.7]? Uncertainty in O3-5007 (1)
133-136 F4.2 --- O1-6300 [0.1/1.5]? The [OI] 6300Å line ratio (1)
138-141 F4.2 --- e_O1-6300 [0.1/2.1]? Uncertainty in O1-6300 (1)
143-146 F4.2 --- O1-6363 [0.09/0.5]? The [OI] 6363Å line ratio (1)
148-151 F4.2 --- e_O1-6363 [0.04/0.7]? Uncertainty in O1-6363 (1)
153-156 F4.2 --- N2-6548 [0.4/1.2]? The [NII] 6548Å line ratio (1)
158-161 F4.2 --- e_N2-6548 [0.09/1]? Uncertainty in N2-6548 (1)
163-166 F4.2 --- Ha [1.59/2.92]? The Hα line ratio (1)
168-171 F4.2 --- e_Ha [0.45/4]? Uncertainty in Ha (1)
173-176 F4.2 --- N2-6584 [0.89/3.3]? The [NII] 6584Å line ratio (1)
178-181 F4.2 --- e_N2-6584 [0.27/3.5]? Uncertainty in N2-6584 (1)
183-186 F4.2 --- S2-6716 [0.25/1.5]? The [SII] 6716Å line ratio (1)
188-191 F4.2 --- e_S2-6716 [0.1/1.8]? Uncertainty in S2-6716 (1)
193-196 F4.2 --- S2-6731 [0.3/2.7]? The [SII] 6731Å line ratio (1)
198-201 F4.2 --- e_S2-6731 [0.1/3.7]? Uncertainty in S2-6731 (1)
203-206 F4.2 mag E(B-V) [0/1.9]? The (B-V) color excess
208-211 F4.2 mag e_E(B-V) [0.1/0.8]? Uncertainty in E(B-V)
213-217 F5.2 mW/m2 Hbc [0.03/20]? Extinction-corrected Hβ
line flux; in erg/s/cm2
219-223 F5.2 mW/m2 e_Hbc [0.02/18]? Uncertainty in Hbc
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): Relative to Hβ and corrected for extinction using a Galactic
reddening curve (Savage & Mathis 1979ARA&A..17...73S 1979ARA&A..17...73S).
The Hα/Hβ ratios were fixed at ∼2.90 and negative E(B-V)
values were set to zero. The error bars are the quadrature sum of
the fractional flux uncertainty in Hβ and each respective line
along with the uncertainty in the reddening-correction.
Positions without an entry are non-detections and those with
uncertainties larger than the ratio are upper limits.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Global notes:
Note (G1): Positive numbers corresponding to the SW direction and
negative to the NE.
Note (G2): Relative to Hβ. The emission lines were fit using widths and
centroids calculated from fits to Hα and error bars are the
quadrature sum of the fractional flux uncertainty in Hα and
each respective emission line.
Positions without an entry are non-detections and those with
uncertainties larger than the ratio are upper limits.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
History:
From electronic version of the journal
References:
Revalski et al. Paper I. 2018ApJ...856...46R 2018ApJ...856...46R
Revalski et al. Paper II. 2018ApJ...867...88R 2018ApJ...867...88R
Revalski et al. Paper III. 2021ApJ...910..139R 2021ApJ...910..139R This catalog
Revalski et al. Paper IV. 2022ApJ...930...14R 2022ApJ...930...14R
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 20-Sep-2022