J/ApJ/922/163 Opt. interferometry of G-M stars & V-K colors (van Belle+, 2021)
Direct measurements of giant star effective temperatures and linear radii:
calibration against spectral types and V-K color.
van Belle G.T., von Braun K., Ciardi D.R., Pilyavsky G., Buckingham R.S.,
Boden A.F., Clark C.A., Hartman Z., van Belle G., Bucknew W., Cole G.
<Astrophys. J., 922, 163 (2021)>
=2021ApJ...922..163V 2021ApJ...922..163V
ADC_Keywords: Stars, G-type; Stars, K-type; Stars, M-type; Interferometry;
Spectral types; Effective temperatures; Colors; Stars, diameters;
Stars, masses; Optical; Infrared sources
Keywords: Fundamental parameters of stars ; Red giant stars ;
Stellar properties ; Stellar radii ; Calibration ;
Long baseline interferometers ; Optical interferometry ;
Stellar masses ; Interferometry ; High angular resolution ;
Stellar effective temperatures ; Flux calibration
Abstract:
We calculate directly determined values for effective temperature
(Teff) and radius (R) for 191 giant stars based upon high-resolution
angular size measurements from optical interferometry at the Palomar
Testbed Interferometer. Narrow- to wideband photometry data for the
giants are used to establish bolometric fluxes and luminosities
through spectral energy distribution fitting, which allows for
homogeneously establishing an assessment of spectral type and
dereddened V0-K0 color; these two parameters are used as calibration
indices for establishing trends in Teff and R. Spectral types range
from G0III to M7.75III, V0-K0 from 1.9 to 8.5. For the
V0-K0={1.9,6.5} range, median Teff uncertainties in the fit of
effective temperature versus color are found to be less than 50K; over
this range, Teff drops from 5050 to 3225K. Linear sizes are found to
be largely constant at 11R☉ from G0III to K0III, increasing
linearly with subtype to 50R☉ at K5III, and then further
increasing linearly to 150R☉ by M8III. Three examples of the
utility of this data set are presented: first, a fully empirical
Hertzsprung-Russell diagram is constructed and examined against
stellar evolution models; second, values for stellar mass are inferred
based on measures of R and literature values for logg; finally, an
improved calibration of an angular size prediction tool, based upon V
and K values for a star, is presented.
Description:
The Palomar Testbed Interferometer (PTI) was an 85-110m baseline H-
and K-band (1.6 and 2.2um) interferometer located at Palomar
Observatory in San Diego County, California.
The data from PTI considered herein cover the range from the beginning
of 1998 (when the standardized data collection and pipeline reduction
went into place) until the beginning of 2008 (when operations at PTI
concluded). See Section 3.
A large number of archival sources were researched for narrow- to
broadband photometry. In addition to the archival sources, we engaged
in an extensive program of photometric observing at the Lowell 31 inch
telescope located at Anderson Mesa. These visible data included
broadband Johnson UBVRI, as well as narrowband photometry taken in the
Hale-Bopp (HB) system of Farnham+ (2000Icar..147..180F 2000Icar..147..180F).
See Section 4.2.
File Summary:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ReadMe 80 . This file
table4.dat 127 256 Computed bolometric fluxes for the program stars
table6.dat 64 9632 Photometry for the program stars
table9.dat 69 191 Angular sizes, UD sizes, limb darkening
corrections, unreddened V0-K0 color, and computed
effective temperatures for the program stars
table10.dat 76 191 Luminosities L and radii R for the program stars
table20.dat 64 211 Broadband H- and K-band angular sizes for the
program stars
table21.dat 65 91 Reported logg values for the program stars found
in the PASTEL catalog (2020-01-30 version) of
Soubiran+ (2016A&A...591A.118S 2016A&A...591A.118S ; Cat. B/pastel)
along with resulting mass determinations M.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See also:
B/pastel : The PASTEL catalogue (Soubiran+, 2016-)
B/mk : Catalogue of Stellar Spectral Classifications (Skiff, 2009- )
V/55 : A catalogue of high-velocity stars (Roman, 1955)
II/5 : UBV Photometry of Bright Stars (Johnson+ 1966)
II/21 : Narrow-Band Photometry of Late-Type Stars (Haeggkvist+ 1970)
II/46 : Strong cyanogen stars (McClure 1970)
III/106 : MK Classification of Visual Multiples (Abt, 1981)
II/78 : uvby-Beta Phot 398 Members of Visual Multiple Systems (Olsen 1982)
III/119 : Spectral classifications of proper motion stars (Bidelman+ 1985)
III/150 : Perkins Revised MK Types for the Cooler Stars (Keenan+ 1989)
II/164 : DDO Photoelectric Photometric Catalog (Mermilliod+ 1989)
V/69 : MK, UBV Time and Latitude Stars (Sato+ 1990)
V/81 : Taxonomy of Barium Stars (Lu 1991)
II/182 : UBV Photometry of Stars with Accurate Positions (Oja 1984-1993)
II/196 : Vilnius Photometry in two Nebulae (Straizys et al., 1993)
II/215 : uvby-beta Catalogue (Hauck+ 1997)
V/103 : NGP G5-M stars RV, DDO and BV photometry (Yoss+, 1997)
II/246 : 2MASS All-Sky Catalog of Point Sources (Cutri+ 2003)
I/311 : Hipparcos, the New Reduction (van Leeuwen, 2007)
J/ApJS/59/95 : Visual multiples. VIII. (Abt+, 1985)
J/AJ/107/1556 : Late B-type stars classification (Garrison+, 1994)
J/A+AS/106/397 : Sra and Srb semiregular variables (Kerschbaum+, 1994)
J/ApJS/99/135 : Rotation and Spectral Peculiarities (Abt+ 1995)
J/A+AS/113/441 : JHKL'M-photometry for 44 stars (Kerschbaum, 1995)
J/A+AS/131/209 : JHK(L') photometry of giant stars (Alonso+ 1998)
J/ApJS/119/83 : IUE sample of binaries with hot component (Parsons+, 1998)
J/PASP/110/863 : Stellar Spectral Flux Library: 1150-25000Å (Pickles 1998)
J/A+A/367/111 : A Hipparcos study of the Hyades cluster (de Bruijne+, 2001)
J/ApJS/143/513 : Spectral classification of close binaries (Ginestet+, 2002)
J/AJ/126/2048 : NStars project: the Northern Sample. I. (Gray+, 2003)
J/ApJS/154/673 : COBE DIRBE Point Source Catalog (Smith+, 2004)
J/A+A/475/1003 : Stellar parameters of G and K giant stars (Hekker+, 2007)
J/A+A/469/713 : Chromospherically active stars in CoRoT (Medhi+, 2007)
J/ApJS/176/216 : MK spectral types of Visual Multiples (Abt, 2008)
J/AN/329/609 : Red giant candidates in 10 open clusters (Claria+, 2008)
J/ApJS/176/276 : PTI calibrator catalog (van Belle+, 2008)
J/ApJ/694/1085 : Radii of exoplanet host stars (van Belle+, 2009)
J/A+A/501/297 : Effective temperatures of B Supergiants (Zorec+, 2009)
J/ApJ/746/101 : Diameters and temperatures of AFG stars (Boyajian+, 2012)
J/ApJ/757/112 : Stellar diameters. II. K and M-stars (Boyajian+, 2012)
J/MNRAS/419/1637 : Nearby red clump stars JHK observations (Laney+, 2012)
J/A+A/543/A160 : Normalized spectra of 82 Kepler red giants (Thygesen+, 2012)
J/ApJ/771/40 : Main-sequence A, F, G & K stars photometry (Boyajian+, 2013)
J/A+A/557/A70 : Evolved planet hosts - stellar parameters (Mortier+, 2013)
J/A+A/554/A98 : Limb-darkening coefficients for red giants (Neilson+, 2013)
J/ApJ/764/78 : Oxygen abundances in nearby FGK stars (Ramirez+, 2013)
J/ApJ/775/45 : PTI carbon star angular size survey (van Belle+, 2013)
J/ApJ/791/58 : C & O abund. across the Hertzsprung gap (Adamczak+, 2014)
J/A+A/580/A24 : Abundances in dwarfs, subgiants & giants (da Silva+, 2015)
J/A+A/574/A50 : Chemical abundances of giants and subgiants (Jofre+, 2015)
J/AJ/150/88 : Abundances in the local region. I. G & K giants (Luck, 2015)
J/A+A/588/A98 : Metallicities & abund. of evolved stars (Maldonado+, 2016)
J/AJ/152/16 : Bolometric fluxes for cool evolved stars (van Belle+, 2016)
J/A+A/599/A85 : Herbig AeBe disks at mas scale (Lazareff+, 2017)
J/AJ/155/30 : Fundamental param. of 87 stars from the NPOI (Baines+, 2018)
J/A+A/615/A31 : PTPS stars IV. (Deka-Szymankiewicz+, 2018)
J/ApJS/240/21 : Symbiotic stars with 2MASS, WISE & Gaia data (Akras+, 2019)
J/A+A/631/A108 : Disks around post-AGB binaries fit results (Kluska+, 2019)
J/A+A/625/A141 : Abundances of disk and bulge giants (Lomaeva+, 2019)
http://nexsci.caltech.edu/software/PTISupport/ : PTI support page
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table4.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 9 A9 --- Name Object Simbad name
11- 20 A10 --- SpT1 Primary literature/initial spectral type
22- 40 A19 --- r_SpT1 Reference/Source for SpT1
42- 53 A12 --- SpT2 Secondary literature/initial spectral type
55- 73 A19 --- r_SpT2 Reference/Source for SpT2
75- 79 I5 K Teff [2900/12000] Model Effective temperature
81- 83 F3.1 [cm/s2] logg [0.5/3] Model log surface gravity
85- 91 A7 --- SpT Our best fit spectral type
93- 98 F6.1 10-11W/m2 Flux [6.4/1130] Bolometric flux, 10-8erg/s/cm2
100- 103 F4.1 10-11W/m2 e_Flux [0.2/11.4] Uncertainty in Flux
105- 108 F4.1 % ErrFlux [0.6/11.4] Flux error (percentage)
110- 113 F4.2 mag Av [0/1.13] V-band reddening
115- 118 F4.2 mag e_Av [0/0.4] Uncertainty in Av
120- 123 F4.1 --- chi2/DoF [0.1/53] Fit χ2/DoF
125- 127 I3 --- DoF [1/155] Fit degrees of freedom
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table6.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 9 A9 --- Name Object Simbad name
11- 19 A9 --- Sys System/Wvlen
21- 24 A4 --- Band Band in System (or bandpass for Wvlen)
26- 28 A3 --- x_value Unit for value
30- 36 F7.2 --- value [-34.3/3882.7] Cataloged value
38- 44 F7.2 --- e_value [0/9378.1] Uncertainty in value
46- 64 A19 --- r_value Reference (bibcode) for value
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table9.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 9 A9 --- Name Object Simbad name
11- 15 F5.3 mas SizeUD [0.79/8.3] Wavelength-specific uniform disk
angular size
17- 21 F5.3 mas e_SizeUD [0.002/0.4] Uncertainty in UD
23- 27 F5.3 mas s_SizeUD [0.03/2.5] Systematic uncertainty in UD
29- 32 I4 K Teffi [3122/5223] Initial Effective Temperature,
Table 17, Equation 1
34- 38 F5.3 --- UD2LD [1/1.1] SizeUD to LD correction
40- 44 F5.3 mas LD [0.8/8.51] Limb-darkened Rosseland mean angular
diameter
46- 50 F5.3 mas e_LD [0.03/2.5] Uncertainty in LD
52- 55 F4.2 mag V0-K0 [1.9/8.6] Dereddened V-K color
57- 60 F4.2 mag e_V0-K0 [0.04/0.7] Uncertainty in V0-K0
62- 65 I4 K Teff [3033/5156] Computed Effective temperature
67- 69 I3 K e_Teff [29/679] Uncertainty in Teff
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table10.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 9 A9 --- Name Object Simbad name
11- 14 F4.2 mag V0-K0 [1.9/8.6] Dereddened V-K color
16- 19 F4.2 mag e_V0-K0 [0.04/0.7] Uncertainty in V0-K0
21- 28 A8 --- SpT Spectral Type
30- 34 F5.2 mas plx [0.89/96.54] Parallax, π
36- 39 F4.2 mas e_plx [0.03/0.9] Uncertainty in plx
41- 47 A7 --- r_plx Source for plx: Gaia DR2 or Hipparcos (HIP)
49- 54 F6.2 Rsun Rstar [7.66/303.12] Radius
56- 60 F5.2 Rsun e_Rstar [0.15/41.26] Uncertainty in Rstar
62- 68 F7.2 Lsun Lstar [28.52/7980.99] Luminosity
70- 76 F7.2 Lsun e_Lstar [0.44/2237.84] Uncertainty in Lstar
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table20.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 9 A9 --- Name Object Simbad name
11- 13 I3 --- NHp [1/670]? Number of H-band points
15- 19 F5.3 mas thetaH [0.6/3.5]? Angular diameter in H-band
21- 25 F5.3 mas e_thetaH [0.002/2]? Formal uncertainty in ThetaH
27- 31 F5.3 mas s_thetaH [0.028/0.3]? Systematic uncertainty in ThetaH
33- 35 I3 --- NK [2/701]? Number of K-band points
37- 41 F5.3 mas thetaK [0.79/4.8]? Angular diameter in K-band
43- 47 F5.3 mas e_thetaK [0.002/0.4]? Formal uncertainty in ThetaK
49- 53 F5.3 mas s_thetaK [0.04/0.375]? Systematic uncertainty in thetaK
55- 59 F5.3 mas AvgRes [0/0.17] Average residual of the ThetaK fit
61- 64 F4.2 --- chi2/DoF [0.05/4.8]? Fit χ2/DoF
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table21.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 8 A8 --- Name Object Simbad name
10- 13 F4.2 [cm/s2] logg [0.3/3.3] Reported log(g) value (cgs)
15- 18 F4.2 [cm/s2] e_logg [0.04/0.5]? Uncertainty in logg (1)
20- 38 A19 --- r_logg Reference (bibcode) for logg
40- 45 F6.2 Rsun Rstar [7.6/196] Radius
47- 51 F5.2 Rsun e_Rstar [0.15/14] Uncertainty in Rstar
53- 57 F5.2 Msun Mstar [0.5/36.1] Derived Mass
59- 63 F5.2 Msun e_Mstar [0.1/22] Uncertainty in Mstar (1)
65- 65 A1 --- u_Mstar Uncertainty flag on Mstar (1)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): For references that did not report a formal error in log(g), a value
of 0.25dex was assumed and the resulting error in M is flagged (u_Mstar=:).
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 27-Mar-2023