J/ApJ/923/23 Stellar spins in the Pleiades, Praesepe & M35 (Healy+, 2021)
Stellar spins in the Pleiades, Praesepe, and M35 open clusters.
Healy B.F., McCullough P.R., Schlaufman K.C.
<Astrophys. J., 923, 23 (2021)>
=2021ApJ...923...23H 2021ApJ...923...23H
ADC_Keywords: Clusters, open; Rotational velocities; Stars, diameters; Optical
Keywords: Open star clusters ; Inclination ; Stellar rotation ; Star formation
Abstract:
We analyze spectroscopic and photometric data to determine the
projected inclinations of stars in three open clusters: the Pleiades,
Praesepe, and M35. We determine the sini values of 42, 35, and
67 stars in each cluster, respectively, and from their distributions
we find that isotropic spins and moderate alignment are both
consistent with the Pleiades and Praesepe data. While it is difficult
to distinguish between these scenarios for a single cluster, an
ensemble of such distributions may facilitate a distinction. The M35
inclination distribution is most consistent with a superposition of
isotropic and anisotropic spins, the source of which could be
systematic error or a physical grouping of aligned stars. We also
study internal cluster kinematics using radial velocities and proper
motions. Our kinematics analysis reveals significant plane-of-sky
rotation in Praesepe, with a mean velocity of 0.132±0.022km/s in a
clockwise direction.
Description:
We extended the study of stellar spin-axis orientations that we began
with NGC 2516 (Paper I, Healy+ 2020, J/ApJ/903/99) to three additional
open clusters: Pleiades, Praesepe, and M35.
For each cluster, we consulted the Gaia DR2-based member lists from
Cantat-Gaudin+ (2018, J/A+A/618/A93). For all subsequent analysis, we
used the Gaia DR2-to-EDR3 match table to update target stars with EDR3
astrometry (Gaia Collaboration+ 2021, I/350).
For the Pleiades, we used rotation period measurements derived from K2
observations (Howell+ 2014PASP..126..398H 2014PASP..126..398H) by Rebull+ (2016, J/AJ/152/114).
We also used vsini measurements from the CORAVEL instrument, reported
by Mermilliod+ (2009, J/A+A/498/949). See Section 2.1.
For Praesepe, we used K2-based rotation period measurements from
Rebull+ (2017, J/ApJ/839/92), who employed the same analysis
techniques as for the Pleiades periods. We once again adopted 1%
random uncertainties on each measurement. We used vsini data from
Mermilliod+ (2009).
For M35, we used K2 rotation period measurements from
Soares-Furtado+ (2020, J/ApJS/246/15) for stars with periodogram
SNR>3. The vsini measurements for this cluster came from the WIYN Open
Cluster Study (WOCS; Geller+ 2010, J/AJ/139/1383 and
Leiner+ 2015, J/AJ/150/10). Finally, we accessed WOCS BVRI magnitudes
(Thompson+ 2014, J/AJ/148/85) to supplement the other photometric
surveys for this most distant cluster of our sample. See Section 2.2.
Objects:
----------------------------------------------------------
RA (ICRS) DE Designation(s)
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03 46 24.24 +24 06 50.4 Pleiades = Cl Melotte 22
08 40 12.96 +19 37 15.5 Praesepe = Cl Melotte 88
06 09 05.28 +24 20 09.5 M35 = NGC 2168
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File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table1.dat 60 3 Basic parameters for each cluster in this study
table3.dat 132 144 Relevant quantities and determinations of Pleiades,
Praesepe and M35 inclinations
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See also:
I/259 : The Tycho-2 Catalogue (Hog+ 2000)
II/246 : 2MASS All-Sky Catalog of Point Sources (Cutri+ 2003)
II/336 : AAVSO Photometric All Sky Survey (APASS) DR9 (Henden+, 2016)
II/335 : Revised cat. of GALEX UV sources (GUVcat_AIS GR6+7) (Bianchi+ 2017)
I/345 : Gaia DR2 (Gaia Collaboration, 2018)
I/350 : Gaia EDR3 (Gaia Collaboration, 2020)
II/365 : The CatWISE2020 cat. (updated version 28-Jan-2021) (Marocco+, 2021)
J/A+A/360/472 : Proper motions in omega Centauri (van Leeuwen+, 2000)
J/ApJ/546/1006 : VRI photometry of M35 (Barrado y Navascues+, 2001)
J/ApJ/695/679 : Stellar rotation in M35 (Meibom+, 2009)
J/A+A/498/949 : Vel. of F-K dwarfs in open clusters (Mermilliod+, 2009)
J/AJ/139/1383 : Radial velocities in M35 (NGC 2168) (Geller+, 2010)
J/MNRAS/402/1380 : Rot. velocities in Pleiades and αPer (Jackson+, 2010)
J/MNRAS/434/3236 : Masses of Praesepe members (Khalaj+, 2013)
J/ApJS/208/9 : Intrinsic colors & temperatures of PMS stars (Pecaut+, 2013)
J/A+A/564/A125 : AGN Torus model comparison of AGN in CDFS (Buchner+, 2014)
J/MNRAS/442/2081 : Praesepe members light curves (Kovacs+, 2014)
J/AJ/148/85 : WIYN open cluster study. LXII. M35 phot. (Thompson+, 2014)
J/AJ/150/10 : WOCS. LXVI. Radial velocity survey in M35 (Leiner+, 2015)
J/AJ/152/114 : Pleiades members with K2 light curves. II. (Rebull+, 2016)
J/A+A/597/A63 : Slow-rotator sequence radii (Lanzafame+, 2017)
J/ApJ/839/92 : Praesepe members with K2 light curve data (Rebull+, 2017)
J/AJ/153/101 : Pleiades members stellar properties (Somers+, 2017)
J/A+A/618/A93 : Gaia DR2 open clusters in the MW (Cantat-Gaudin+, 2018)
J/A+A/616/A12 : Gaia DR2 sources in GC and dSph (Gaia Collaboration+, 2018)
J/A+A/612/L2 : Compilation of stellar rotation data (Kovacs, 2018)
J/A+A/622/A133 : M45, M44 and M67 flare stars (Ilin+, 2019)
J/MNRAS/483/1125 : Radius inflation in Praesepe M-dwarfs (Jackson+, 2019)
J/A+A/628/A66 : alpha Persei, Pleiades and Praesepe clusters (Lodieu+, 2019)
J/ApJ/899/55 : Parameters of protoplanetary disks in 5 SFRs (Aizawa+, 2020)
J/A+A/642/A115 : CARMENES input catalogue of M dwarfs. V. (Cifuentes+, 2020)
J/ApJ/903/99 : Stellar spins in the open cluster NGC 2516 (Healy+, 2020)
J/ApJS/246/15 : K2 periodic var. in M35 & NGC2158 (Soares-Furtado+, 2020)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 8 A8 --- Name Cluster name
10- 16 F7.3 deg GLON [166.428/205.964] Galactic longitude
18- 24 F7.3 deg GLAT [-23.602/32.415] Galactic latitude
26- 30 F5.1 pc Dist [134.8/838] Gaia EDR3 distance
32- 35 F4.1 pc e_Dist [1.3/37] Dist uncertainty
37- 44 A8 Myr Age Age range
46- 48 A3 --- r_Age Reference on Age (1)
50 A1 --- u_Mass [~] Uncertainty flag on Mass
51- 54 I4 Msun Mass Mass
56 I1 --- r_Mass [4/6] Reference on Mass (1)
58- 60 A3 --- Cl Abbreviated name as used in Table 3;
column added by CDS
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Note (1): References for age and mass are as follows:
1 = Gossage et al. (2018ApJ...863...67G 2018ApJ...863...67G),
2 = Brandt & Huang (2015ApJ...807...24B 2015ApJ...807...24B),
3 = Meibom et al. (2009ApJ...695..679M 2009ApJ...695..679M),
4 = Adams et al. (2001AJ....121.2053A 2001AJ....121.2053A),
5 = Khalaj & Baumgardt (2013, J/MNRAS/434/3236),
6 = Barrado y Navascues et al. (2001, J/ApJ/546/1006).
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table3.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 19 I19 --- Gaia Gaia DR2 identifier
21- 38 F18.14 deg RAdeg [53.88/131.4] Gaia EDR3 right Ascension (ICRS)
at Epoch=2016.0
40- 56 F17.14 deg DEdeg [18.8/25.4] Gaia EDR3 declination (ICRS)
at Epoch=2016.0
58- 61 I4 K Teff [4922/6900] Effective temperature
63- 65 I3 K e_Teff [11/250] Uncertainty in Teff
67- 72 F6.4 Rsun Rad [0.66/1.5] Radius
74- 79 F6.4 Rsun e_Rad [0.0027/0.02] Uncertainty in Rad
81- 85 F5.2 km/s vsini [5.1/46] Projected rotational velocity
87- 91 F5.2 km/s e_vsini [0.3/17] Uncertainty in vsini
93- 99 F7.5 d Per [0.5/9.4] Spin period
101-107 F7.5 d e_Per [0.0003/0.1] Uncertainty in Per
109-114 F6.4 --- sini [0.12/1.7] Projected inclination
116-121 F6.4 --- E_sini [0.006/0.9] Upper uncertainty in sini
123-128 F6.4 --- e_sini [0.007/0.9] Lower uncertainty in sini
130-132 A3 --- Cl Cluster identifier
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 06-Apr-2023