J/ApJ/923/267 Foundation Supernova Survey: SN Ia sample (Dettman+, 2021)
The Foundation Supernova Survey: photospheric velocity correlations in type Ia
supernovae.
Dettman K.G., Jha S.W., Dai Mi, Foley R.J., Rest A., Scolnic D.M.,
Siebert M.R., Chambers K.C., Coulter D.A., Huber M.E., Johnson E.,
Jones D.O., Kilpatrick C.D., Kirshner R.P., Pan Y.-C., Riess A.G.,
Shultz A.S.B.
<Astrophys. J., 923, 267 (2021)>
=2021ApJ...923..267D 2021ApJ...923..267D
ADC_Keywords: Supernovae; Spectra, optical; Redshifts; Photometry, UBV; Colors
Keywords: Type Ia supernovae ; Observational cosmology ;
Cosmological parameters
Abstract:
The ejecta velocities of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia), as measured by
the SiIIλ6355 line, have been shown to correlate with other
supernova properties, including color and standardized luminosity. We
investigate these results using the Foundation Supernova Survey, with
a spectroscopic data release presented here, and photometry analyzed
with the SALT2 light-curve fitter. We find that the Foundation data do
not show significant evidence for an offset in color between SNe Ia
with high and normal photospheric velocities, with
Δc=0.004±0.015. Our SALT2 analysis does show evidence for
redder high-velocity SNe Ia in other samples, including objects from
the Carnegie Supernova Project, with a combined sample yielding
Δc=0.018±0.008. When split on velocity, the Foundation SNe Ia
also do not show a significant difference in Hubble diagram residual,
ΔHR=0.015±0.049mag. Intriguingly, we find that SN Ia ejecta
velocity information may be gleaned from photometry, particularly in
redder optical bands. For high-redshift SNe Ia, these rest-frame red
wavelengths will be observed by the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope.
Our results are in line with previous work that suggests SN Ia
host-galaxy stellar mass is correlated with ejecta velocity:
high-velocity SNe Ia are found nearly exclusively in high-stellar-mass
hosts. However, host-galaxy properties alone do not explain
velocity-dependent differences in supernova colors and luminosities
across samples. Measuring and understanding the connection between
intrinsic explosion properties and supernova environments, across
cosmic time, will be important for precision cosmology with SNe Ia.
Description:
The data used in this analysis come primarily from three sources:
the Foundation Supernova Survey (Foley+ 2018, J/MNRAS/475/193), the
literature sample used by W09 (Wang+ 2009, J/ApJ/699/L139) and
FK11 (Foley+ 2011ApJ...729...55F 2011ApJ...729...55F ; see references therein), and
the CSP (Folatelli+ 2010, J/AJ/139/120). Our spectroscopic analysis is
based on public spectra from the Transient Name Server and WISeREP
(Yaron & Gal-Yam 2012PASP..124..668Y 2012PASP..124..668Y) and the Open Supernova Catalog
(Guillochon+ 2017ApJ...835...64G 2017ApJ...835...64G), and we here also present and
release our Foundation spectroscopic data (see the Appendix).
Foundation is a follow-up survey; we observed SN Ia targets discovered
in untargeted, wide-field surveys, primarily ASAS-SN
(Holoien+ 2017, J/MNRAS/471/4966), the Pan-STARRS Surveys for
Transients (Huber+ 2015ATel.7153....1H 2015ATel.7153....1H), Gaia (Gaia Coll.
2016, I/337), ATLAS (Tonry+ 2018PASP..130f4505T 2018PASP..130f4505T), and
MASTER (Lipunov+ 2010AdAst2010E..30L 2010AdAst2010E..30L) among others. Each SN included
in the sample was spectroscopically confirmed as a requirement for
follow-up. See Section 2.1.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table1.dat 119 79 Supernova velocities, light-curve parameters, and
Hubble residuals for the Foundation sample
table2.dat 110 87 Supernova velocities and light-curve parameters
for the Carnegie Supernova Project (CSP) sample
table3.dat 110 126 *Supernova velocities and light-curve parameters
for the W09/FK11 sample
table4.dat 67 122 Results of our two methods of obtaining v0Si
for the Foundation objects
table5.dat 111 195 Results of our two methods of obtaining v0Si
for the non-Foundation objects
table6.dat 114 117 Properties of Foundation spectral data release
sp/* . 117 Individual optical spectra in FITS format as part
of the Foundation Supernova Survey Release 1
(Data behind Figure 11)
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Note on table3.dat : the literature sample used by
W09 (Wang+ 2009, J/ApJ/699/L139) and FK11 (Foley+ 2011ApJ...729...55F 2011ApJ...729...55F ;
see references therein).
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See also:
B/sn : Asiago Supernova Catalogue (Barbon et al., 1999-)
I/355 : Gaia DR3 Part 1. Main source (Gaia Collaboration, 2022)
J/A+A/471/527 : Spectroscopy of SN 2005cf (Garavini+, 2007)
J/MNRAS/377/1531 : Optical & IR photometry of SN 2004eo (Pastorello+, 2007)
J/AJ/135/1598 : Opt. spectroscopy of type Ia supernovae (Matheson+, 2008)
J/ApJ/707/1449 : Local hosts of SNe Ia (Neill+, 2009)
J/ApJ/699/L139 : Spectral parameters of SNe Ia (Wang+, 2009)
J/AJ/139/519 : Carnegie supernova project. SNe Ia (Contreras+, 2010)
J/AJ/139/120 : Low-redshift Type-Ia supernovae (Folatelli+, 2010)
J/MNRAS/406/782 : Type Ia supernovae luminosities (Sullivan+, 2010)
J/ApJ/742/89 : Relations between sp. and colors of SNe Ia (Foley+, 2011)
J/A+A/526/A28 : SDSS-II SNe NTT and NOT spectroscopy (Oestman+, 2011)
J/AJ/142/156 : The CSP (DR2): photometry of SNe Ia (Stritzinger+, 2011)
J/AJ/143/126 : Spectroscopy of 462 nearby Type Ia SNe (Blondin+, 2012)
J/MNRAS/425/1789 : Berkeley supernova Ia program. I. (Silverman+, 2012)
J/ApJ/755/61 : SN Ia host galaxies SFR from SDSS-II (Smith+, 2012)
J/ApJ/773/53 : Type Ia SNe spectroscopy by the CSP (Folatelli+, 2013)
J/A+A/554/A27 : 2011fe spectrophotometric time series (Pereira+, 2013)
J/other/Sci/340.170 : Classifications of 188 SNe Ia (Wang+, 2013)
J/A+A/568/A22 : Joint analysis of SDSS-II & SNLS SNe Ia (Betoule+, 2014)
J/MNRAS/444/3258 : Velocities and EW of PTF SNe Ia (Maguire+, 2014)
J/ApJS/219/8 : SFR for WISE + SDSS spectroscopic galaxies (Chang+, 2015)
J/ApJS/219/13 : SNIa light curves for the LSQ-CSP sample (Walker+, 2015)
J/MNRAS/457/3470 : SN Ia host-galaxy/cosmological param. (Campbell+, 2016)
J/ApJ/826/56 : HST obs. of Cepheids in SNIa host gal. (Riess+, 2016)
J/ApJ/821/115 : SDSS-II SN Survey: host-gal. spectral data (Wolf+, 2016)
J/MNRAS/467/1098 : ASAS-SN bright supernova catalogue 2015 (Holoien+, 2017)
J/MNRAS/471/4966 : ASAS-SN bright supernova catalogue 2016 (Holoien+, 2017)
J/AJ/154/211 : CSP (DR3): photometry of low-z SNe Ia (Krisciunas+, 2017)
J/ApJ/869/56 : Updated calibration of the CSP-I SNIa (Burns+, 2018)
J/MNRAS/475/193 : Foundation Supernova Survey DR1 (Foley+, 2018)
J/ApJ/867/108 : Masses and rest-frame u-g colors of SNIa (Jones+, 2018)
J/ApJ/882/120 : CfA, CSP, BSP & LOSS sp. & phot. of SNe Ia (Wang+, 2019)
http://www.wiserep.org/ : Weizmann Interactive SN Data Repository (WISeREP)
http://www.wis-tns.org/ : Transient Name Server (TNS)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 11 A11 --- ID SN identifier
13- 17 F5.3 --- z [0.005/0.09] Spectrocopic redshift of host
19- 24 F6.2 10+3km/s v0Si [-17/-8.8] SiII inferred velocity at phase=0
26- 29 F4.2 10+3km/s e_v0Si [0.2/1] Uncertainty in v0Si
31- 36 F6.3 --- c [-0.18/0.31]? SALT2 color parameter
38- 42 F5.3 --- e_c [0.03/0.09]? Uncertainty in c
44- 48 F5.2 --- x1 [-2.8/2.8]? SALT2 light-curve shape parameter
50- 53 F4.2 --- e_x1 [0.06/0.7]? Uncertainty in x1
55- 62 F8.2 d t0 [57122.39/57847.7]? Modified Julian Date
of B band maximum
64- 67 F4.2 d e_t0 [0.04/2]? Uncertainty in t0
69- 73 F5.2 mag Bmag [12.8/19]? Apparent B band Vega magnitude
75- 78 F4.2 mag e_Bmag [0.03/0.2]? Uncertainty in Bmag
80- 84 F5.2 mag muRes [-0.37/0.4]? Distance modulus residual
86- 89 F4.2 mag e_muRes [0.15/0.3]? Uncertainty in muRes
91- 95 F5.2 [Msun] logM [5/11.7]? log host stellar mass
97-100 F4.2 [Msun] e_logM [0.16]? Uncertainty in logM (G1)
102-119 A18 --- Figs Figures associated with this ID
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table[23].dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 6 A6 --- ID SN identifier
8- 12 F5.3 --- z [0.003/0.09] Spectrocopic redshift of host
14- 14 A1 --- l_v0Si Limit flag on v0Si
15- 20 F6.2 10+3km/s v0Si [-15.5/-8.6] SiII inferred velocity at phase=0
22- 25 F4.2 10+3km/s e_v0Si [0.2/0.6]? Uncertainty in v0Si
27- 32 F6.3 --- c [-0.16/1]? SALT2 color parameter
34- 38 F5.3 --- e_c [0.007/0.1]? Uncertainty in c
40- 44 F5.2 --- x1 [-3/4]? SALT2 light-curve shape parameter
46- 49 F4.2 --- e_x1 [0.02/0.8]? Uncertainty in x1
51- 58 F8.2 d t0 [49685.3/54889.7]? Modified Julian Date
of B band maximum
60- 63 F4.2 d e_t0 [0.01/1.1]? Uncertainty in t0
65- 69 F5.2 mag Bmag [12.76/18.8]? Apparent B band Vega magnitude
71- 74 F4.2 mag e_Bmag [0.02/0.2]? Uncertainty in Bmag
76- 80 F5.2 [Msun] logM [8.6/11.53]? log host stellar mass
82- 85 F4.2 [Msun] e_logM [0.1/1.6]? Uncertainty in logM (G1)
87-110 A24 --- Figs Figures associated with this ID
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table4.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 11 A11 --- ID SN identifier
13 A1 --- f_ID SN flag (1)
15- 19 F5.1 d Phase [-14.9/16.4] Phase; time since t0
21- 26 F6.2 10+3km/s vSi-G [-17.91/-7.8]? SiII velocity from Gaussian fit
28- 31 F4.2 10+3km/s e_vSi-G [0.01/0.91]? Uncertainty in vSi-G
33- 38 F6.2 10+3km/s vSi-S [-19.2/-8.5]? SiII velocity from Smoothed
minimum
40- 43 F4.2 10+3km/s e_vSi-S [0.01/0.6]? Uncertainty in vSi-S
45- 50 F6.2 10+3km/s vSi [-16.9/-8.8]? Adopted Si II velocity
52- 55 F4.2 10+3km/s e_vSi [0.01/1]? Uncertainty in vSi
57- 62 F6.2 10+3km/s v0Si [-16.9/-8.8]? Adopted SiII velocity at phase=0
64- 67 F4.2 10+3km/s e_v0Si [0.2/1]? Uncertainty in v0Si
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Note (1):
* = The 42 objects with a measurement of the SiII line, but with an
incompatible phase are shown at the bottom of the table and flagged here.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table5.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 6 A6 --- ID SN identifier
8 A1 --- f_ID SN flag (1)
10- 14 F5.1 d Phase [-10.4/22.1] Phase; time since t0
16- 21 F6.2 10+3km/s vSi-G [-16.2/-5] Si II velocity from Gaussian fit
23- 26 F4.2 10+3km/s e_vSi-G [0.01/4.7] Uncertainty in vSi-G
28- 33 F6.2 10+3km/s vSi-S [-20.1/-7.7] SiII velocity from Smoothed
minimum
35- 38 F4.2 10+3km/s e_vSi-S [0/3.6] Uncertainty in vSi-S
40- 45 F6.2 10+3km/s vSi [-15.8/-7.88]? Adopted Si II velocity
47- 50 F4.2 10+3km/s e_vSi [0/1.8]? Uncertainty in vSi
52- 57 F6.2 10+3km/s v0Si [-15.89/-7.85]? Adopted SiII velocity
at phase=0
59- 62 F4.2 10+3km/s e_v0Si [0.2/1.8]? Uncertainty in v0Si
64- 89 A26 --- Ref Reference code
91 A1 --- --- [[]
92-110 A19 --- BibCode Bibcode of the reference
111 A1 --- --- []]
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Note (1):
* = The 10 objects with a measurement of the SiII line, but with an
incompatible phase are shown at the bottom of the table and flagged here.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table6.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 12 A12 --- ID SN identifier
14- 26 A13 --- Tel Telescope/Instrument identifier (1)
28- 32 F5.3 --- z [0/0.12] Spectrocopic redshift of host
34- 43 A10 "Y/M/D" Date Date of Observation
45- 51 F7.1 d t0 [57054.6/58109.5]? Modified Julian Date
of B band maximum
53- 57 F5.1 d Phase [-9.7/122]? Approximate phase
59- 68 A10 0.1nm Range Wavelength range; Angstroms
70-114 A45 --- FileName Name of the FITS file in subdirectory "sp";
column added by CDS
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Note (1): Telescope/Instrument as follows:
SOAR/Goodman = The 4.1m Southern Astrophysical Research Telescope with
the Goodman spectrograph (56 occurrences)
KPNO4m/KOSMOS = The 4m Mayall telescope with the Kitt Peak Ohio State
Multi-Object Spectrograph at Kitt Peak National Observatory
(25 occurrences)
Lick3m/KAST = The Lick 3m telescope with the Kast spectrograph
(11 occurrences)
SALT/RSS = The 10m South African Large Telescope with the the Robert
Stobie Spectrograph (11 occurrences)
FLWO1.5m/FAST = The 1.5m Tillinghast telescope with the FAST spectrograph
at Fred L. Whipple Observatory (7 occurrences)
Keck/DEIMOS = The 10m Keck II telescope with the DEIMOS spectrograph
(6 occurrences)
APO3.5m/DIS = The Astrophysical Research Consortium (ARC) 3.5m telescope
with the Dual Imaging Spectrograph at Apache Point
Observatory (1 occurrence)
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Global notes:
Note (G1): Uncertainties for the host-galaxy mass measurements are based on
the standard deviation of individual mass measurements from various
sources. Objects with only a single mass measurement are given the
median uncertainty of the sample where there are two or more
measurements (see section 4.4.1). The masses for the Foundation host
galaxies are taken only from Jones+ (2018, J/ApJ/867/108); thus their
uncertainties are uniform.
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 06-Jun-2023