J/ApJ/924/L6 Multipoint coronal mass ejections events (Mostl+, 2022)
Multipoint interplanetary coronal mass ejections observed with Solar Orbiter,
BepiColombo, Parker Solar Probe, Wind, and STEREO-A.
Mostl C., Weiss A.J., Reiss M.A., Amerstorfer T., Bailey R.L.,
Hinterreiter J., Bauer M., Barnes D., Davies J.A., Harrison R.A.,
Freiherr Von Forstner J.L., Davies E.E., Heyner D., Horbury T., Bale S.D.
<Astrophys. J., 924, L6 (2022)>
=2022ApJ...924L...6M 2022ApJ...924L...6M (SIMBAD/NED BibCode)
ADC_Keywords: Sun; Solar system; Magnetic fields
Keywords: Solar coronal mass ejections; Solar storm; Solar wind; Solar physics
Interplanetary physics; Interplanetary magnetic fields
Interplanetary shocks; Heliosphere; Space weather
Solar-planetary interactions; Solar system
Abstract:
We report the result of the first search for multipoint in situ and
imaging observations of interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs)
starting with the first Solar Orbiter (SolO) data in
2020 April-2021 April. A data exploration analysis is performed
including visualizations of the magnetic-field and plasma observations
made by the five spacecraft SolO, BepiColombo, Parker Solar Probe
(PSP), Wind, and STEREO-A, in connection with coronagraph and
heliospheric imaging observations from STEREO-A/SECCHI and SOHO/LASCO.
We identify ICME events that could be unambiguously followed with the
STEREO-A heliospheric imagers during their interplanetary propagation
to their impact at the aforementioned spacecraft and look for events
where the same ICME is seen in situ by widely separated spacecraft. We
highlight two events: (1) a small streamer blowout CME on 2020-June-23
observed with a triple lineup by PSP, BepiColombo and Wind, guided by
imaging with STEREO-A, and (2) the first fast CME of solar cycle 25
(∼1600km/s) on 2020 November 29 observed in situ by PSP and STEREO-A.
These results are useful for modeling the magnetic structure of ICMEs
and the interplanetary evolution and global shape of their flux ropes
and shocks, and for studying the propagation of solar energetic
particles. The combined data from these missions are already turning
out to be a treasure trove for space-weather research and are expected
to become even more valuable with an increasing number of ICME events
expected during the rise and maximum of solar cycle 25.
Description:
We have manually identified multipoint CME events observed by imaging
and in situ instruments from 2020 April 1 to 2021 April 1. To this
end, we generated movies for this time range from daily or monthly
quick-look data that are available from SOHO/LASCO C2/C3 and the
STEREO-A SECCHI COR2/HI1/HI2 coronagraphs and heliospheric imagers.
We additionally created an animation that includes (1) the
heliospheric position of the five spacecraft, Wind (at the Sun-Earth
L1 point), Solar Orbiter (SolO), Parker Solar Probe (PSP),
BepiColombo, and STEREO-Ahead (STA), (2) CME fronts modeled after
observations by STEREO-A HI (HIA), and (3) in situ magnetic-field and
plasma observations.
The animation is available on YouTube at http://youtu.be/cfDzFtvo3nQ.
All movies and the animation are included in the data repository for
this Letter on figshare at doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.15134745.
To obtain the CME parameters as it propagates through the
coronagraphs, we performed Graduated Cylindrical Shell (GCS,
Thernisien+ 2006ApJ...652..763T 2006ApJ...652..763T) modeling with STEREO-A COR2 and
SOHO/LASCO C3 images (Figure 3(c)). See Section 3.3.
Table 1 is the main product of this study. We have found 17 events in
total that are observed by more than one spacecraft.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table1.dat 105 45 Multipoint imaging and in situ coronal mass
ejection events
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See also:
J/ApJ/831/105 : Global energetics of solar flares. IV. CME (Aschwanden, 2016)
J/ApJ/868/124 : ICMEs events from 1998 to 2011 with ACE and WIND (Feng+, 2018)
J/ApJ/891/79 : Single storms and the related ICMEs from 1998-2011 (Li+, 2020)
J/ApJ/896/133 : ICME associated Forbush decrease events (Light+, 2020)
J/ApJ/903/118 : Solar coronal mass ejections with SOHO/LASCO (Dagnew+, 2020)
J/ApJ/923/136 : ICMEs observed by Juno between 1 and 5.4au (Davies+, 2021)
http://www.helioforecast.space/lineups : The multipoint ICME online catalog
associated to this paper
http://www.helioforecast.space/icmecat : The ICMECAT catalog
http://www.helioforecast.space/arrcat : The ARRival CATalog (ARRCAT)
http://www.helcats-fp7.eu/ : HELCATS HIGeoCAT home page
http://cdaw.gsfc.nasa.gov/CME_list/ : SOHO LASCO CME online catalog
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 2 I2 --- Seq [0/44] Internal index number
4- 5 I2 --- Event [1/17] Event number
7- 22 A16 "datime" Start UT start time; YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm (1)
23 A1 --- --- [Z]
25- 36 A12 --- Spacecraft Spacecraft identifier where CME arrives (2)
38- 42 F5.3 AU R [0.47/1.02]? Spacecraft distance from the Sun
at Time
44- 49 F6.1 deg ScLON [-97/80.4]? Spacecraft longitude in HEEQ
coordinates
51- 56 F6.1 deg CMELON [-107/65]? CME longitude (3)
58- 61 I4 km/s Speed [237/1637]? In situ observe mean bulk ICME
speed (4)
63- 66 F4.1 nT Bt [6.4/39]? Maximum total magnetic field in the
magnetic obstacle interval; only for
in situ observations
68- 72 F5.1 nT Bz [-26.6/14.6]? Minimum Bz component magnetic
obstacle; only for in situ observations (5)
74- 105 A32 --- ID Identifier either the ICMECAT or HIGeoCAT (6)
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Note (1): Either the first appearance in the STEREO-A heliospheric imager (HIA)
or the in situ arrival time of the ICME. This is equal to the shock
arrival time if a shock is present. For event #12, it is the time of
first appearance in SOHO/LASCO/C3.
Note (2): Column "Spacecraft" is the in situ spacecraft where the CME arrives.
When this is set to HIA, the parameters given by the location and
derived from observations by HIA are shown in that row. For
event #12, the parameters from GCS fitting are quoted.
Note (3): In HEEQ derived from SSEF30 modeling based on CME tracking with HIA.
Note (4): Over the full ICME interval (sheath and magnetic obstacle), or for
HIA the speed given by SSEF30 modeling.
Note (5): Either in HEEQ coordinates for Wind or RTN coordinates for all
other spacecraft.
Note (6): The HELIO4CAST ICMECATv2.0 catalog (Mostl+ 2020ApJ...903...92M 2020ApJ...903...92M) is
a living catalog that is updated with ICME observations from the five
spacecraft, and includes over 800 events so far since 2007.
http://www.helioforecast.space/icmecat
The HELCATS HIGeoCAT (Barnes+ 2019SoPh..294...57B 2019SoPh..294...57B) provides directions
and speeds of CMEs observed with the STEREO-A heliospheric imagers (HIA).
http://www.helcats-fp7.eu/
See Section 2.
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 25-Aug-2023