J/ApJ/925/164 Beyond spectroscopy. I. Stars from SMSS & Gaia (Huang+, 2022)
Beyond spectroscopy.
I. Metallicities, distances, and age estimates for over 20 million stars from
SMSS DR2 and Gaia EDR3.
Huang Y., Beers T.C., Wolf C., Lee Y.S., Onken C.A., Yuan H., Shank D.,
Zhang H., Wang C., Shi J., Fan Z.
<Astrophys. J., 925, 164 (2022)>
=2022ApJ...925..164H 2022ApJ...925..164H
ADC_Keywords: Abundances, [Fe/H]; Photometry, UBVRI; Colors; Surveys;
Stars, giant; Stars, dwarfs; Stars, ages; Stars, distances;
Proper motions; Space velocities; Radial velocities
Keywords: Metallicity ; Stellar distance ; Stellar ages ; Sky surveys
Abstract:
Accurate determinations of stellar parameters and distances for large
complete samples of stars are keys for conducting detailed studies of
the formation and evolution of our Galaxy. Here we present stellar
atmospheric parameters (effective temperature, luminosity
classifications, and metallicity) estimates for some 24 million stars
determined from the stellar colors of SMSS DR2 and Gaia EDR3, based on
training data sets with available spectroscopic measurements from
previous high/medium/low-resolution spectroscopic surveys. The number
of stars with photometric-metallicity estimates is 4-5 times larger
than that collected by the current largest spectroscopic survey to
date --LAMOST-- over the course of the past decade. External checks
indicate that the precision of the photometric-metallicity estimates
are quite high, comparable to or slightly better than that derived
from spectroscopy, with typical values around 0.05-0.15dex for both
dwarf and giant stars with [Fe/H]>-1.0, 0.10-0.20dex for giant stars
with -2.0<[Fe/H]≤-1.0, and 0.20-0.25dex for giant stars with
[Fe/H]≤-2.0, and include estimates for stars as metal-poor as
[Fe/H]~-3.5, substantially lower than previous photometric techniques.
Photometric-metallicity estimates are obtained for an unprecedented
number of metal-poor stars, including a total of over three million
metal-poor (MP; [Fe/H]≤-1.0) stars, over half a million very
metal-poor (VMP; [Fe/H]≤-2.0) stars, and over 25,000 extremely
metal-poor (EMP; [Fe/H]≤-3.0) stars. Moreover, distances are
determined for over 20 million stars in our sample. For the over
18 million sample stars with accurate Gaia parallaxes, stellar ages
are estimated by comparing with theoretical isochrones. Astrometric
information is provided for the stars in our catalog, along with
radial velocities for ∼10% of our sample stars, taken from
completed/ongoing large-scale spectroscopic surveys.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
catalog.dat 884 24239852 Final sample
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Description of file:
SMSSPARAMfull.fits.gz is the gzipped original file as sent by the author.
See also:
B/pastel : The PASTEL catalogue (Soubiran+, 2016-)
III/213 : General Catalog of mean radial velocities (Barbier-Brossat+, 2000)
III/204 : Stellar radial velocities bibliographic catalog (Malaroda+, 2000)
III/279 : RAVE 5th data release (Kunder+, 2017)
I/345 : Gaia DR2 (Gaia Collaboration, 2018)
II/358 : SkyMapper Southern Sky Survey. DR1.1 (Wolf+, 2018)
V/156 : LAMOST DR7 catalogs (Luo+, 2019)
I/350 : Gaia EDR3 (Gaia Collaboration, 2020)
III/284 : APOGEE-2 data from DR16 (Johnsson+, 2020)
V/154 : Sloan Digital Sky Surveys (SDSS), Release 16 (DR16) (Ahumada+, 2020)
I/352 : Distances to 1.47 billion stars in Gaia EDR3 (Bailer-Jones+, 2021)
I/355 : Gaia DR3 Part 1. Main source (Gaia Collaboration, 2022)
II/379 : SkyMapper Southern Sky Survey. DR4 (Onken+, 2024)
J/AJ/90/2089 : Stars of very low metal abundance. I (Beers+, 1985)
J/AJ/103/1987 : Stars of very low metal abundance (Beers+ 1992)
J/AJ/128/1177 : Galactic stellar abundances (Venn+, 2004)
J/AJ/136/2070 : SEGUE stellar param. pipeline. III. (Allende Prieto+, 2008)
J/AJ/136/2050 : SEGUE stellar parameter pipeline. II. (Lee+, 2008)
J/AJ/137/4377 : List of SEGUE plate pairs (Yanny+, 2009)
J/A+A/546/A61 : Radial velocities for XHIP catalogue (de Bruijne+, 2012)
J/ApJ/797/13 : Abundances of bright metal-poor stars (Schlaufman+, 2014)
J/ApJ/791/107 : Parameters of NGC 5139 SGBs stars (Villanova+, 2014)
J/MNRAS/454/2863 : Teff against colours calibrations (Huang+, 2015)
J/ApJ/807/171 : SkyMapper Survey metal-poor star sp. (Jacobson+, 2015)
J/AJ/150/187 : Abundances & stellar parameters of LAMOST stars (Lee+, 2015)
J/ApJ/858/92 : RPA Southern Pilot Search of 107 Stars (Hansen+, 2018)
J/AJ/156/90 : New catalog of APOGEE RVel standard stars (Huang+, 2018)
J/ApJ/868/110 : R-Process Alliance: 1st release in Gal. halo (Sakari+, 2018)
J/MNRAS/490/2241 : Spectroscopy of Pristine EMP star candidates (Aguado+, 2019)
J/MNRAS/489/5900 : Extremely metal-poor stars in SkyMapper DR1.1 (Da+, 2019)
J/MNRAS/485/5153 : Spectroscopy of extremely metal-poor stars (Marino+, 2019)
J/ApJ/898/150 : High-res. MIKE obs. of metal-poor stars (Ezzeddine+, 2020)
J/ApJS/249/30 : R-Process Alliance: metal-poor star sp. (Holmbeck+, 2020)
J/ApJS/246/4 : Cat. of ultrawide binary stars from Gaia DR2 (Tian+, 2020)
J/MNRAS/506/150 : The GALAH+ Survey DR3 (Buder+, 2021)
J/ApJS/254/31 : Phot. metallicities of stars in SkyMapper DR2 (Chiti+, 2021)
J/ApJ/913/11 : Sp. follow-up of bright metal-poor stars (Limberg+, 2021)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: catalog.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 9 I9 --- ObjectID [18/505176676] SMSS DR2
(Onken+ 2019PASA...36...33O 2019PASA...36...33O) object
identifier (SMSS_ID)
11- 29 I19 --- Gaia Gaia EDR3 identifier (SOURCEID)
31- 40 F10.6 deg RAdeg SMSS DR2 right ascension (J2000) (RA)
42- 51 F10.6 deg DEdeg SMSS DR2 declination (J2000) (DEC)
53- 63 F11.7 deg GLON Galactic longitude derived from ICRS
coordinates (GL)
65- 75 F11.7 deg GLAT Galactic latitude derived from ICRS
coordinates (GB)
77- 83 F7.4 mag umag [8.2/20.3]? SkyMapper PSF u-band magnitude
(U)
85- 91 F7.4 mag vmag [7.8/20.5]? SkyMapper PSF v-band magnitude
(V)
93- 99 F7.4 mag gmag [8.4/20]? SkyMapper PSF g-band magnitude (G)
101- 107 F7.4 mag rmag [8.2/19.6]? SkyMapper PSF r-band magnitude
(R)
109- 115 F7.4 mag imag [8.2/19.2]? SkyMapper PSF i-band magnitude
(I)
117- 123 F7.4 mag zmag [8.1/19.2]? SkyMapper PSF z-band magnitude
(Z)
125- 132 F8.6 mag e_umag [0.0019/1.1]? Uncertainty on the umag
(ERR_U)
134- 141 F8.6 mag e_vmag [0.002/1.3]? Uncertainty on the vmag (ERR_V)
143- 150 F8.6 mag e_gmag [0.0017/1.1]? Uncertainty on the gmag
(ERR_G)
152- 159 F8.6 mag e_rmag [0.0017/1]? Uncertainty on the rmag (ERR_R)
161- 168 F8.6 mag e_imag [0.0015/1.5]? Uncertainty on the imag
(ERR_I)
170- 177 F8.6 mag e_zmag [0.0016/1]? Uncertainty on the zmag (ERR_Z)
179- 186 F8.5 mag umagC [8.4/20.4]? Corrected PSF SkyMapper u-band
magnitude (UC)
188- 195 F8.5 mag vmagC [7.8/20.6]? Corrected PSF SkyMapper v-band
magnitude (VC)
197- 204 F8.5 mag gmagC [8.4/19.9]? Corrected PSF SkyMapper g-band
magnitude (GC)
206- 213 F8.5 mag rmagC [8.2/19.6]? Corrected PSF SkyMapper r-band
magnitude (RC)
215- 223 F9.6 mag Gmag [0/21.8] Gaia EDR3 G-band magnitude (G_C)
225- 232 F8.5 mag BPmag [5/19.6] Gaia EDR3 BP-band magnitude (BP)
234- 241 F8.5 mag RPmag [3.6/18.9] Gaia EDR3 RP-band magnitude (RP)
243- 250 F8.6 mag e_Gmag [0/0.2] Uncertainty on the Gmag (ERRGC)
252- 259 F8.6 mag e_BPmag [0.002/0.05] Uncertainty on the BPmag
(ERR_BP)
261- 268 F8.6 mag e_RPmag [0.003/0.05] Uncertainty on the RPmag
(ERR_RP)
270- 277 F8.6 mag E(B-V)sfd [0.0005/1.4] Value of E(B-V) from the
extinction map of SFD98, corrected for a
14% systematic (EBV_SFD)
279- 286 F8.6 mag Gbp-Grp0 [0.5/1.7] Intrinsic (GBP-GRP)0 color
(BR0)
288- 296 F9.6 mag u-Gbp0 [-2.4/3.9] Intrinsic (u-GBP)0 color
(UB0)
298- 306 F9.6 mag v-Gbp0 [-1.1/3.5] Intrinsic (v-GBP)0 color
(VB0)
308- 315 F8.6 mag e_Gbp-Grp0 [0.004/0.08] Gbp_Gbr0 uncertainty (ERR_BR0)
317- 324 F8.6 mag e_u-Gbp0 [0/1.1] U-Gbp0 uncertainty (ERR_UB0)
326- 333 F8.6 mag e_v-Gbp0 [0/1.3] v-Gbp0 uncertainty (ERR_VB0)
335- 343 F9.6 [-] [Fe/H] [-3.45/0.64] Photometric metallicity (FEH)
345- 352 F8.6 [-] e_[Fe/H] [0.1/1.4] Uncertainty of [Fe/H] (ERR_FEH)
354- 358 A5 --- f_[Fe/H] Flag on FEH (FEH_FLG) (1)
360- 368 F9.6 [-] FEHub [-3.5/0.64]? Photometric metallicity from
u-GBP (FEH_UB)
370- 375 F6.3 [-] e_FEHub [0.005/1.4]? FEHub uncertainty (ERRFEHUB)
377- 385 F9.6 [-] FEHvb [-3.45/0.63]? Photometric metallicity from
v-GBP (FEH_VB)
387- 392 F6.3 [-] e_FEHvb [0.01/1.4]? FEHvb uncertainty (ERRFEHVB)
394- 401 F8.6 [-] FEHcomb [0] Always "0" (FEH_COMB)
403- 410 F8.6 [-] e_FEHcomb [0] Always "0" (ERRFEHCOMB)
412- 418 F7.2 K Teff [3969/6670] Effective temperature (TEFF)
420- 425 F6.2 K e_Teff [50/359] Teff uncertainty (ERR_TEFF)
427- 436 F10.6 kpc Dist [0.00058/217] Adopted distance (DIST_ADOP)
438- 446 F9.6 kpc e_Dist [3e-06/52] Dist uncertainty (ERRDISTADOP)
448- 455 A8 --- f_Dist Flag on Dist (DISTADOPFLG) (2)
457- 467 F11.6 kpc Xpos [-80/131]?=0 X position in the right-handed
Cartesian system (XX)
469- 478 F10.6 kpc Ypos [-77/50]?=0 Y position in the right-handed
Cartesian system (YY)
480- 489 F10.6 kpc Zpos [-98/70]?=0 Z position in the right-handed
Cartesian system (ZZ)
491- 499 F9.6 kpc e_Xpos [/50]?=0 Xpos uncertainty (ERR_XX)
501- 509 F9.6 kpc e_Ypos [/23]?=0 Ypos uncertainty (ERR_YY)
511- 519 F9.6 kpc e_Zpos [/18]?=0 Zpos uncertainty (ERR_ZZ)
521- 530 F10.6 kpc Rad [/139]?=0 Projected Galactocentric distance
onto the Galactic plane (RAD)
532- 541 F10.6 kpc Rgc [1.4/144]? Galactocentric distance (RGC)
543- 551 F9.6 kpc e_Rad [1e-06/50]? Rad uncertainty (ERR_RAD)
553- 561 F9.6 kpc e_Rgc [3e-06/52]? Rgc uncertainty (ERR_RGC)
563- 571 F9.6 Gyr Age [0.05/16]? Stellar age (AGE)
573- 580 F8.6 Gyr e_Age [0.05/8]? Age uncertainty (ERR_AGE)
582- 592 F11.6 km/s RV [-806/945]? Adopted radial velocity
(RV_ADOP)
594- 602 F9.6 km/s e_RV [0.0006/100]? RV uncertainty (ERRRVADOP)
604- 611 A8 --- r_RV Flag on RV (RVADOPFLG) (3)
613- 622 F10.6 mas plx [-99.99/78] Gaia EDR3 parallax (PARALLAX)
624- 631 F8.6 mas e_plx [0.007/1.6]? Parallax uncertainty
(ERR_PARALLAX)
633- 643 F11.6 mas/yr pmRA [-181/247]? Gaia EDR3 proper motion in
right ascension direction (PMRA)
645- 652 F8.6 mas/yr e_pmRA [0.005/1.4]? pmRA uncertainty (ERR_PMRA)
654- 664 F11.6 mas/yr pmDE [-176/137]? Gaia EDR3 proper motion in
declination direction (PMDEC)
666- 673 F8.6 mas/yr e_pmDE [0.005/1.6]? pmDE uncertainty (ERR_PMDEC)
675- 682 F8.2 km/s Uvel [-1122/965]? U-velocity component (UU)
684- 691 F8.2 km/s Vvel [-1252/779]? V-velocity component (VV)
693- 699 F7.2 km/s Wvel [-941/803]? W-velocity component (WW)
701- 707 F7.3 km/s e_Uvel [0/110]? Uvel uncertainty (ERR_UU)
709- 715 F7.3 km/s e_Vvel [0/168]? Vvel uncertainty (ERR_VV)
717- 722 F6.3 km/s e_Wvel [0/95]? Wvel uncertainty (ERR_WW)
724- 733 F10.5 km/s VRad [-982/990]? Velocity in the radial
direction (VRAD)
735- 744 F10.5 km/s VPhi [-965/990]? Velocity in the angular
direction (VPHI)
746- 755 F10.5 km/s VZ [-941/803]? Velocity in the Z direction (VZ)
757- 765 F9.6 km/s e_VRad [0.0007/100]? VRad uncertainty (ERR_VRAD)
767- 775 F9.6 km/s e_VPhi [2e-05/100]? VPhi uncertainty (ERR_VPHI)
777- 785 F9.6 km/s e_VZ [0/95]? VZ uncertainty (ERR_VZ)
787- 797 F11.5 km/s Vtheta [-1234/1137]? theta velocity (VTHETA)
799- 808 F10.5 km/s VRgc [-855/1176]? Rgc velocity (VRGC)
810- 819 F10.5 km/s VSPhi [-955/981]? Sphi velocity (VSPHI)
821- 830 F10.6 km/s e_Vtheta [0.0003/181]? Vtheta uncertainty
(ERR_VTHETA)
832- 841 F10.6 km/s e_VRgc [0.0001/214]? VRgc uncertainty (ERR_VRGC)
843- 852 F10.6 km/s e_VSPhi [2e-05/310]? VSPhi uncertainty (ERR_VSPHI)
854- 863 F10.6 --- RUWE [0.5/117]? Renormalized unit weight error
from Gaia EDR3 (RUWE)
865- 869 A5 --- Type Star classification ("dwarf" or "giant")
(TYPE)
871- 873 A3 --- f_Pos Flag to indicate stars with/without 3D
positions (FLG_POS)
875- 877 A3 --- f_Vel Flag on Vel ("YES" or "NO") (FLG_VEL)
879- 884 A6 --- subType Further subclassification of dwarf stars
(SUBTYPE) (4)
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Note (1): Flag as follows:
ub = [Fe/H] measured by u-GBP (1,793,503 occurrences)
vb = [Fe/H] measured by v-GBP (9,039,567 occurrences)
ub+vb = [Fe/H] measured by two colors (13,406,782 occurrences)
Note (2): Flag as follows:
CAF = Distance estimated by color-absolute magnitude fiducials
(2,405,688 occurrences)
parallax = Distance estimated by Gaia EDR3 parallax (18,128,988 occurrences)
TO = 3,705,176 occurrences
Note (3): Radial-velocity measurements from previous spectroscopic surveys
as follows:
Gaia-ESO = Gaia-ESO DR3 (Gilmore+ 2012Msngr.147...25G 2012Msngr.147...25G ;
Randich+ 2013Msngr.154...47R 2013Msngr.154...47R); 6659 occurrences
GALAH = GALAH DR3+ (Buder+ 2021, J/MNRAS/506/150); 416,192 occurrences
APOGEE = APOGEE DR16 (V/154), see Section 3.5; 43,961 occurrences
SEGUE = SDSS DR16 (Ahumada+ 2020, V/154); 31,737 occurrences
Gaia = Gaia DR2 (Katz+ 2019A&A...622A.205K 2019A&A...622A.205K); 1,525,701 occurrences
RAVE = RAVE DR5 (Kunder+ 2017, III/279); 24,027 occurrences
LAMOST = LAMOST DR7 (V/156); 232,366 occurrences
AEGIS = AEGIS (Yoon+ 2018ApJ...861..146Y 2018ApJ...861..146Y); 39,080 occurrences
BB = B&B survey (Schlaufman & Casey 2014, J/ApJ/797/13), as reported
by Limberg+ (2021, J/ApJ/913/11); 218 occurrences
LIT = several bibliographic collections
(Barbier-Brossat & Figon 2000, III/213;
Malaroda+ 2000, III/204;
de Bruijne & Eilers 2012, J/A+A/546/A61); 592 occurrences
NO = no radial velocity (21,919,319 occurrences)
Note (4): Subtype as follows:
TO = turn-off star (11,462,423 occurrences)
MS = main-sequence star (3,442,436 occurrences)
Binary = binary stars (160,236 occurrences)
NO = No subtype (9,174,757 occurrences)
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Acknowledgements:
Yang Huang [huangyang at ucas.ac.cn]
(End) Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 18-Mar-2025