J/ApJ/926/191 K2 Galactic Archaeology Program DR3, final release (Zinn+, 2022)
The K2 Galactic Archaeology Program Data Release 3: age-abundance patterns in
C1-C8 and C10-C18.
Zinn J.C., Stello D., Elsworth Y., Garcia R.A., Kallinger T., Mathur S.,
Mosser B., Hon M., Bugnet L., Jones C., Reyes C., Sharma S., Schonrich R.,
Warfield J.T., Luger R., Vanderburg A., Kobayashi C., Pinsonneault M.H.,
Johnson J.A., Huber D., Buder S., Joyce M., Bland-Hawthorn J.,
Casagrande L., Lewis G.F., Miglio A., Nordlander T., Davies G.R.,
De Silva G., Chaplin W.J., Silva Aguirre V.
<Astrophys. J., 926, 191 (2022)>
=2022ApJ...926..191Z 2022ApJ...926..191Z
ADC_Keywords: Asteroseismology; Stars, giant; Stars, ages; Abundances, [Fe/H];
Optical
Keywords: Red giant stars ; Nucleosynthesis ; R-process ; S-process ;
Galactic archaeology ; Stellar ages ; Asteroseismology
Abstract:
We present the third and final data release of the K2 Galactic
Archaeology Program (K2 GAP) for Campaigns C1-C8 and C10-C18. We
provide asteroseismic radius and mass coefficients, κR and
κM, for ∼19000 red giant stars, which translate directly to
radius and mass given a temperature. As such, K2 GAP DR3 represents
the largest asteroseismic sample in the literature to date. K2 GAP DR3
stellar parameters are calibrated to be on an absolute parallactic
scale based on Gaia DR2, with red giant branch and red clump
evolutionary state classifications provided via a machine-learning
approach. Combining these stellar parameters with GALAH DR3
spectroscopy, we determine asteroseismic ages with precisions of
∼20%-30% and compare age- abundance relations to Galactic chemical
evolution models among both low- and high-α populations for
α, light, iron-peak, and neutron-capture elements. We confirm
recent indications in the literature of both increased Ba production
at late Galactic times as well as significant contributions to
r-process enrichment from prompt sources associated with, e.g.,
core-collapse supernovae. With an eye toward other Galactic archeology
applications, we characterize K2 GAP DR3 uncertainties and
completeness using injection tests, suggesting that K2 GAP DR3 is
largely unbiased in mass/age, with uncertainties of
2.9%(stat.)±0.1%(syst.) and 6.7%(stat.)±0.3%(syst.) in κR
and κM for red giant branch stars and 4.7%(stat.)±0.3%(syst.)
and 11%(stat.)±0.9%(syst.) for red clump stars. We also identify
percent-level asteroseismic systematics, which are likely related to
the time baseline of the underlying data, and which therefore should
be considered in TESS asteroseismic analysis.
Description:
In this data release, we add asteroseismic data from C2, C3, C5, C8,
and C10-C18 to the results from C1 of K2 GAP DR1
(Stello+ 2017, J/ApJ/835/83) and C4, C6, and C7 of K2 GAP DR2
(Zinn+ 2020, J/ApJS/251/23).
We make use of the same pipelines as the previous K2 GAP data releases
in order to extract aforementioned asteroseismic quantities, νmax
and Δν, from K2 light curves:
A2Z (Mathur+ 2010A&A...511A..46M 2010A&A...511A..46M), BAM (Zinn+ 2019, J/ApJ/884/107),
BHM (Hekker+ 2010MNRAS.402.2049H 2010MNRAS.402.2049H), CAN (Kallinger+ 2010A&A...522A...1K 2010A&A...522A...1K
and 2016SciA....2E0654K 2016SciA....2E0654K), COR (Mosser & Appourchaux 2009A&A...508..877M 2009A&A...508..877M
and Mosser+ 2010A&A...517A..22M 2010A&A...517A..22M), and SYD (Huber+ 2009CoAst.160...74H 2009CoAst.160...74H).
Solar reference values for each pipeline contributing to K2 GAP DR3:
----------------------------------------------
Pipeline νmax,☉ Δν☉
----------------------------------------------
A2Z 3097.33 134.92
CAN 3140 134.92
COR 3050 134.92
SYD 3090 135.1
BAM 3094 134.84
BHM 3050 134.92
----------------------------------------------
File Summary:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ReadMe 80 . This file
table2.dat 192 19417 Derived asteroseismic numax and dnu values
table4.dat 194 18821 Radius and mass coefficients
table6.dat 258 121715 Raw asteroseismic numax and dnu values,
with evolutionary states
table8.dat 80 1347 K2 GAP DR3 ages with GALAH spectroscopy
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See also:
V/117 : Geneva-Copenhagen Survey of Solar neighbourhood (Holmberg+, 2007)
IV/34 : K2 Ecliptic Plane Input Catalog (EPIC) (Huber+, 2017)
I/345 : Gaia DR2 (Gaia Collaboration, 2018)
V/154 : Sloan Digital Sky Surveys (SDSS), Release 16 (DR16) (Ahumada+, 2020)
J/A+A/410/527 : Abundances in the Galactic disk (Bensby+, 2003)
J/A+A/439/129 : HERES II. Spectroscopic analysis (Barklem+, 2005)
J/A+A/497/497 : Physical param. from JHK flux (Gonzalez-Hernandez+, 2009)
J/AJ/137/4377 : List of SEGUE plate pairs (Yanny+, 2009)
J/A+A/545/A32 : Chemical abundances of 1111 FGK stars (Adibekyan+, 2012)
J/ApJ/808/16 : The Cannon: a new way to determine abundances (Ness+, 2015)
J/A+A/586/A49 : r- and s- process elements in MW disk (Battistini+, 2016)
J/AJ/151/144 : ASPCAP weights for APOGEE chemical elements (Garcia+, 2016)
J/ApJS/224/2 : K2 EPIC stellar properties for 138600 targets (Huber+, 2016)
J/ApJ/827/50 : Kepler faint red giants (Mathur+, 2016)
J/ApJ/823/114 : The Cannon: a new approach to determine masses (Ness+, 2016)
J/MNRAS/462/1577 : Basic properties of Kepler and CoRoT targets (Yildiz+, 2016)
J/ApJ/833/225 : -2.6≤[Fe/H]≤0.2 F & G dwarfs. II. Abundances (Zhao+, 2016)
J/A+A/597/A30 : Seismology & sp. of CoRoGEE red giants (Anders+, 2017)
J/MNRAS/469/4578 : Deep learning classif. in asteroseismology (Hon+, 2017)
J/ApJ/844/102 : KIC star plx from asteroseismology vs Gaia (Huber+, 2017)
J/MNRAS/465/3203 : GALAH observational overview (Martell+, 2017)
J/ApJ/835/83 : K2 GAP data release. I. Campaign 1 (Stello+, 2017)
J/MNRAS/478/4513 : GALAH Survey DR2 (Buder+, 2018)
J/ApJ/858/92 : RPA Southern Pilot Search of 107 Stars (Hansen+, 2018)
J/MNRAS/476/3233 : 14983 Kepler red giants (Hon+, 2018)
J/ApJS/239/32 : APOKASC-2 cat. of Kepler evolved stars (Pinsonneault+, 2018)
J/MNRAS/473/2004 : TESS-HERMES Survey Data Release 1 catalog (Sharma+, 2018)
J/MNRAS/475/5487 : Stellar properties of KIC stars (Silva Aguirre+, 2018)
J/ApJS/236/42 : Asteroseismology of ∼16000 Kepler red giants (Yu+, 2018)
J/ApJ/878/21 : Vertical motions of APOGEE & Gaia red clumps (Ting+, 2019)
J/ApJ/884/107 : BAM pipeline applied to K2 LCs of red giants (Zinn+, 2019)
J/A+A/640/A81 : Abundances of 72 solar-type stars (Nissen+, 2020)
J/ApJS/251/23 : K2 GAP DR2: campaigns 4, 6 & 7 (Zinn+, 2020)
J/MNRAS/506/150 : The GALAH+ Survey DR3 (Buder+, 2021)
J/A+A/652/A25 : Abundance-age relations with open cl. (Casamiquela+, 2021)
J/A+A/645/A85 : Age dissection of the Milky Way discs (Miglio+, 2021)
J/AJ/161/100 : Ages and alpha-abund. of population in K2 (Warfield+, 2021)
J/AJ/161/231 : A list of ∼330000 stars Kepler missed (Wolniewicz+, 2021)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table2.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 9 I9 --- EPIC [201051625/251630759] EPIC identifier
11- 17 F7.3 uHz numax-c [3.5/257.1] Mean frequency at maximum
acoustic power across all pipelines (1)
19- 23 F5.3 uHz e_numax-c [0.001/3.1] Adopted uncertainties in
numax-c
25- 30 F6.3 uHz s_numax-c [0.15/69.3] Statistical estimate of
uncertainties in numax
32 I1 --- Nnumax [2/6] Number of pipelines returning valid
numax
38- 43 F6.3 uHz dnu-c [0.68/18.5]? Mean corrected large
frequency separation across all pipelines
(1)
45- 49 F5.3 uHz e_dnu-c [0/0.6]? Adopted uncertainties in dnu-c
51- 55 F5.3 uHz s_dnu-c [0.009/7]? Statistical estimate of
uncertainties in dnu-c
57 I1 --- Ndnu [0/5]? Number of pipelines returning valid
dnu-c
63- 67 F5.3 --- XSharma [0.9/1.2]? Sharma+ (2016ApJ...822...15S 2016ApJ...822...15S)
large frequency separation correction
69- 73 F5.3 --- e_XSharma [0/0.3]? Uncertainty in XSharma (2)
75- 80 F6.3 uHz dnu-u [0.67/18.3]? Mean uncorrected large
frequency separation across all pipelines
82- 88 F7.3 uHz numax-A2Z-c [4.2/239]? A2Z+ corrected frequency at
maximum acoustic power (3)
90- 96 F7.3 uHz numax-BAM-c [3.6/237]? BAM corrected frequency at
maximum acoustic power (3)
98- 104 F7.3 uHz numax-BHM-c [5/261]? BHM corrected frequency at
maximum acoustic power (3)
106- 112 F7.3 uHz numax-CAN-c [6/263]? CAN corrected frequency at
maximum acoustic power (3)
114- 120 F7.3 uHz numax-COR-c [2.9/223]? COR corrected frequency at
maximum acoustic power (3)
122- 128 F7.3 uHz numax-SYD-c [4/241]? SYD corrected frequency at
maximum acoustic power (3)
130- 133 F4.1 uHz dnu-A2Z-c ? A2Z corrected large frequency separation
(3)
135- 140 F6.3 uHz dnu-BAM-c [0.6/18.4]? BAM corrected large frequency
separation (3)
142- 147 F6.3 uHz dnu-BHM-c [0.79/18.4]? BHM corrected large frequency
separation (3)
149- 154 F6.3 uHz dnu-CAN-c [1/18.5]? CAN corrected large frequency
separation (3)
156- 161 F6.3 uHz dnu-COR-c [0.7/17.6]? COR corrected large frequency
separation (3)
163- 168 F6.3 uHz dnu-SYD-c [0.8/18.5]? SYD corrected large frequency
separation (3)
170- 174 I5 K Teff [3251/19194] EPIC effective temperature
176- 179 I4 K e_Teff [36/7943] Uncertainty in Teff-epic
181- 186 F6.3 [-] feh [-3.2/0.8] EPIC metallicity
188- 192 F5.3 [-] e_feh [0.05/1.5] Uncertainty in feh
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): Corrected mean numax includes the following processing: the
contributing numax from individual pipelines are re-scaled to agree on
average and an evolutionary state?dependent factor is applied to
calibrate the values such that the resulting radii agree with Gaia
radii. There is no calibration for the corrected mean dnu, but they are
similarly re-scaled and additionally corrected by XSharma for use in
scaling relations.
Note (2): Uncertainties in XSharma are computed by perturbing the EPIC
temperature and metallicities in a Monte Carlo procedure.
Note (3): Pipeline-specific re-scaled values, numax--c and dnu--c,
are only provided for targets for which at least two pipelines returned
concordant results, and otherwise have a blank (null) entry.
dnu-A2Z-c is null for all objects because dnu-A2Z-c values do not
contribute to the mean, dnu-c.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table4.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 9 I9 --- EPIC [201051625/251630759] EPIC identifier
11- 16 F6.3 --- kappa-r-c [3.8/47]? Asteroseismic radius
coefficient (1)
18- 23 F6.3 --- e_kappa-r-c [0.004/21]? Uncertainty in kappa-r-c
25- 29 F5.3 --- kappa-m-c [0.4/7]? Asteroseismic mass
coefficient (1)
31- 35 F5.3 --- e_kappa-m-c [0.003/4]? Uncertainty in kappa-m-c
37- 42 F6.3 --- kappa-r-A2Z [3.6/73]? A2Z kappa-r (1)
44- 49 F6.3 --- kappa-r-c-BAM [3.9/67]? BAM kappa-r-c (1)
51- 56 F6.3 --- kappa-r-c-BHM [4/58]? BHM kappa-r-c (1)
58- 63 F6.3 --- kappa-r-c-CAN [4/40]? CAN kappa-r-c (1)
65- 70 F6.3 --- kappa-r-c-COR [4.2/57]? COR kappa-r-c (1)
72- 77 F6.3 --- kappa-r-c-SYD [3.9/44]? SYD kappa-r-c (1)
79- 84 F6.3 --- e_kappa-r-A2Z [0.12/67]? Uncertainty in kappa-r-A2Z
86- 91 F6.3 --- e_kappa-r-c-BAM [0.02/26]? Uncertainty in kappa-r-c-BAM
93- 98 F6.3 --- e_kappa-r-c-BHM [0.03/43]? Uncertainty in kappa-r-c-BHM
100-104 F5.3 --- e_kappa-r-c-CAN [0.02/5.1]? Uncertainty in kappa-r-c-CAN
106-110 F5.3 --- e_kappa-r-c-COR [0.08/8]? Uncertainty in kappa-r-c-COR
112-118 F7.3 --- e_kappa-r-c-SYD [0.02/344]? Uncertainty in kappa-r-c-SYD
120-124 F5.3 --- kappa-m_A2Z [0.4/9.2]? A2Z kappa-m (1)
126-130 F5.3 --- kappa-m-c-BAM [0.36/7.5]? BAM kappa-m-c (1)
132-137 F6.3 --- kappa-m-c-BHM [0.47/10.7]? BHM kappa-m-c (1)
139-143 F5.3 --- kappa-m-c-CAN [0.36/5.2]? CAN kappa-m-c (1)
145-149 F5.3 --- kappa-m-c-COR [0.44/6]? COR kappa-m-c (1)
151-155 F5.3 --- kappa-m-c-SYD [0.54/5.4]? SYD kappa-m-c (1)
157-162 F6.3 --- ekappa-mA2Z [0.069/17.1]? Uncertainty in kappa-m_A2Z
164-169 F6.3 --- e_kappa-m-c-BAM [0.02/12]? Uncertainty in kappa-m-c-BAM
171-175 F5.3 --- e_kappa-m-c-BHM [0.02/7]? Uncertainty in kappa-m-c-BHM
177-181 F5.3 --- e_kappa-m-c-CAN [0.01/1.3]? Uncertainty in kappa-m-c-CAN
183-187 F5.3 --- e_kappa-m-c-COR [0.05/1.7]? Uncertainty in kappa-m-c-COR
189-194 F6.3 --- e_kappa-m-c-SYD [0.02/76]? Uncertainty in kappa-m-c-SYD
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): kappa-m and kappa-r are computed using the corrected mean numax
and dnu in Table 2, and are therefore calibrated to agree with Gaia
radii. Piepline-specific kappa-r and kappa-m are computed using the
corresponding pipeline-specific corrected numax and dnu provided in
Table 2 (except for A2Z, which uses raw dnu and corrected numax).
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table6.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 12 A12 --- ID Unique identifier (1)
14- 22 I9 --- EPIC [201051317/251632350] EPIC identifier
24- 25 I2 --- C [1/18] K2 Campaign
27- 31 I5 --- Prior [1/21899]? K2 GAP target priority for
a given K2 campaign (2)
33- 39 A7 --- EV Evolutionary state (3)
41- 47 A7 --- EV-A2Z A2Z pipeline evolutionary state (3)
49- 55 A7 --- EV-CAN CAN pipeline evolutionary state (3)
57- 63 A7 --- EV-COR COR pipeline evolutionary state (3)
65- 71 A7 --- EV-SYD SYD pipeline evolutionary state (3)
73- 79 A7 --- EV-BAM BAM pipeline evolutionary state (3)
81- 87 A7 --- EV-BHM BHM pipeline evolutionary state (3)
89- 95 F7.3 uHz numax-A2Z-o [3.29/300]? Raw A2Z numax
97-103 F7.3 uHz numax-BAM-o [3.5/250]? Raw BAM numax
105-111 F7.3 uHz numax-BHM-o [5/300]? Raw BHM numax
113-119 F7.3 uHz numax-CAN-o [2.9/299]? Raw CAN numax
121-127 F7.3 uHz numax-COR-o [1.8/244]? Raw COR numax
129-135 F7.3 uHz numax-SYD-o [3/283]? Raw SYD numax
137-142 F6.3 uHz e_numax-A2Z-o [0.15/62]? Uncertainty in numax-A2Z-o
144-150 F7.3 uHz e_numax-BAM-o [0.05/113]? Uncertainty in numax-BAM-o
152-157 F6.3 uHz e_numax-BHM-o [0.048/55]? Uncertainty in numax-BHM-o
159-164 F6.3 uHz e_numax-CAN-o [0.1/31]? Uncertainty in numax-CAN-o
166-170 F5.3 uHz e_numax-COR-o [0.1/6]? Uncertainty in numax-COR-o
172-178 F7.3 uHz e_numax-SYD-o [0/400]? Uncertainty in numax-SYD-o
180-185 F6.3 uHz dnu-A2Z-o [0.56/22.5]? Raw A2Z dnu
187-192 F6.3 uHz dnu-BAM-o [0.004/32]? Raw BAM dnu
194-199 F6.3 uHz dnu-BHM-o [0.77/26]? Raw BHM dnu
201-206 F6.3 uHz dnu-CAN-o [0.87/24]? Raw CAN dnu
208-213 F6.3 uHz dnu-COR-o [0.4/20]? Raw COR dnu
215-220 F6.3 uHz dnu-SYD-o [0.7/19.2]? Raw SYD dnu
222-227 F6.3 uHz e_dnu-A2Z-o [0.001/12]? Uncertainty in dnu-A2Z-o
229-233 F5.3 uHz e_dnu-BAM-o [0/7]? Uncertainty in dnu-BAM-o
235-239 F5.3 uHz e_dnu-BHM-o [0.003/3]? Uncertainty in dnu-BHM-o
241-245 F5.3 uHz e_dnu-CAN-o [0.004/1.1]? Uncertainty in dnu-CAN-o
247-251 F5.3 uHz e_dnu-COR-o [0.02/0.4]? Uncertainty in dnu-COR-o
253-258 F6.3 uHz e_dnu-SYD-o [0.01/27.4]? Uncertainty in dnu-SYD-o
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): Unique combination of the EPIC ID and from which campaign the
measurements come as some stars were observed in multiple campaigns.
Note (2): Priority refers to the K2 GAP target priority for a given K2
campaign, with lower values corresponding to higher target priority;
serendipitous targets are not assigned a priority.
Note (3): If classified, a star's evolutionary state is assigned as either:
RGB = Red giant branch,
RGB/AGB = Either red giant branch or asymptotic giant branch, or
RC = Red clump.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table8.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 9 I9 --- EPIC [201091253/250168107] EPIC identifier
11- 25 I15 --- GALAH GALAH observation ID (sobject_id)
27- 31 F5.2 Gyr Age [0.56/13] Age
33- 37 F5.3 Gyr e_Age [0.019/5] Uncertainty in Age
39- 39 I1 --- alpha-hi [0/1]? alpha-element population confidence (1)
41- 48 F8.5 [-] FeH [-2.1/0.4] Metallicity, [Fe/H]
50- 53 I4 K Teff [4501/5408] Effective temperature
55- 64 F10.7 [-] MgFe [-0.6/0.6] Mg to Fe abundance ratio, [Mg/Fe]
66- 70 F5.3 [-] e_FeH [0.04/0.3] Uncertainty in FeH
72- 74 I3 K e_Teff [70/265] Uncertainty in Teff
76- 80 F5.3 [-] e_MgFe [0.03/0.4] Uncertainty in MgFe
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): alpha-hi is 1 (0) if the star has GALAH abundances indicative of a
high-alpha (low-alpha) star at 2-sigma confidence; if the classification
is ambiguous, the entry is null.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 03-Nov-2023