J/ApJ/926/229 Herbig Ae/Be stars with IGRINS obs. (Grant+, 2022)
Tracing accretion onto Herbig Ae/Be stars using the Brγ line.
Grant S.L., Espaillat C.C., Brittain S., Scott-Joseph C., Calvet N.
<Astrophys. J., 926, 229 (2022)>
=2022ApJ...926..229G 2022ApJ...926..229G
ADC_Keywords: YSOs; Stars, pre-main sequence; Spectra, infrared; Stars, masses;
Stars, ages; Stars, distances; Effective temperatures; Extinction;
Equivalent widths; Colors
Keywords: Accretion ; Herbig Ae/Be stars ; Young stellar objects ;
Protoplanetary disks
Abstract:
Accretion plays an important role in protoplanetary disk evolution,
and it is thought that the accretion mechanism changes between low-
and high-mass stars. Here we characterize accretion in
intermediate-mass, pre-main-sequence Herbig Ae/Be (HAeBe) stars to
search for correlations between accretion and system properties. We
present new high-resolution, near-infrared spectra from the Immersion
GRating INfrared Spectrograph for 102 HAeBes and analyze the
accretion-tracing Brγ line at 2.166µm. We also include the
samples of Fairlamb+ (2015, J/MNRAS/453/976 and 2017MNRAS.464.4721F 2017MNRAS.464.4721F)
and Donehew & Brittain (2011AJ....141...46D 2011AJ....141...46D), for a total of
155 targets. We find a positive correlation between the Brγ and
stellar luminosity, with a change in the slope between the Herbig Aes
and Bes. We use LBrγ to determine the accretion luminosity and
rate. We find that the accretion luminosity and rate depend on stellar
mass and age; however, the trend disappears when normalizing the
accretion luminosity by the stellar luminosity. We classify the
objects into flared (group I) or flat (group II) disks and find that
there is no trend with accretion luminosity or rate, indicating that
the disk dust structure is not impacting accretion. We test for
Brγ variability in objects that are common to our sample and
previous studies. We find that the Brγ line equivalent width is
largely consistent between the literature observations and those that
we present here, except in a few cases where we may be seeing changes
in the accretion rate.
Description:
We present observations from the Immersion GRating INfrared
Spectrograph (IGRINS) with a resolution of R∼45000 in the H and K
bands (1.496-1.780 and 2.080-2.460um, respectively). Observations
for 65 of the objects were obtained using the Lowell Discovery
Telescope in Happy Jack, Arizona, between 2017 November and 2018
December. The other 37 objects were observed using the Gemini South
Observatory between 2020 February and December. The targets, observing
dates (spanning 2018-Sept to 2020-dec), exposure times, and continuum
signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) from 2.159 to 2.162um are listed in Table1.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table1.dat 68 102 Observing log for IGRINS sample
table2.dat 142 102 Stellar properties of IGRINS sample
table3.dat 162 53 Stellar properties of the auxiliary sample
table4.dat 137 102 Brγ line properties of the IGRINS sample
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See also:
I/347 : Distances to 1.33 billion stars in Gaia DR2 (Bailer-Jones+, 2018)
I/345 : Gaia DR2 (Gaia Collaboration, 2018)
J/ApJS/99/135 : Rotation and Spectral Peculiarities (Abt+ 1995)
J/ApJS/101/117 : UBVRIJHKLMNQ photometry in Taurus-Auriga (Kenyon+ 1995)
J/ApJS/147/305 : IUE atlas of pre-main-sequence stars (Valenti+, 2003)
J/AJ/126/2971 : UBVRI photometry of 131 Herbig Ae/Be (Vieira+, 2003)
J/ApJ/653/657 : Spectroscopic obs. of Herbig Ae/Be stars (Manoj+, 2006)
J/A+A/458/173 : Optical spectroscopy of 253 IRAS sources (Suarez+, 2006)
J/BaltA/17/125 : Interstellar reddening in 3 HII regions (Straizys+, 2008)
J/ApJ/693/L81 : Extinction in star-forming regions (McClure, 2009)
J/A+A/555/A64 : Gaps in flaring Herbig Ae/Be disks (Maaskant+, 2013)
J/ApJS/208/9 : Intrinsic colors & temperatures of PMS stars (Pecaut+, 2013)
J/MNRAS/453/976 : Herbig Ae/Be X-shooter observations (Fairlamb+, 2015)
J/ApJS/226/8 : IRS survey of Class II objects in Orion A. I. (Kim+, 2016)
J/A+A/599/A85 : Structure of Herbig AeBe disks at mas scale (Lazareff+, 2017)
J/A+A/620/A128 : Gaia DR2 study of Herbig Ae/Be stars (Vioque+, 2018)
J/AJ/157/159 : Stellar parameters for 131 Herbig Ae/Be stars (Arun+, 2019)
J/A+A/622/A72 : Intermediate-mass T Tau stars spectra (Villebrun+, 2019)
J/A+A/638/A21 : Herbig Ae/Be and classical Be stars catalog (Vioque+, 2020)
J/MNRAS/493/234 : Herbig Ae/Be accretion rates (Wichittanakom+ 2020)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 3 I3 --- Seq [1/102] Index number
5- 19 A15 --- Name Target identifier
21- 22 I2 h RAh [5/23] Hour of Right Ascension (J2000)
24- 25 I2 min RAm Minute of Right Ascension (J2000)
27- 31 F5.2 s RAs Second of Right Ascension (J2000)
33 A1 --- DE- Sign of the Declination (J2000)
34- 35 I2 deg DEd Degree of Declination (J2000)
37- 38 I2 arcmin DEm Arcminute of Declination (J2000)
40- 45 F6.3 arcsec DEs Arcsecond of Declination (J2000)
47- 56 A10 --- Date UT date of observation; YYYY/MM/DD
58- 64 A7 s Exp Exposure time
66- 68 I3 --- SNR [32/102] Signal-to-Noise
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table2.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 3 I3 --- Seq [1/102] Index number
5- 19 A15 --- Name Target identifier (1)
21- 25 I5 K Teff [6150/30000] Effective temperature
27- 30 I4 K e_Teff [80/5000]? Lower uncertainty in Teff
32- 35 I4 K E_Teff [80/6000]? Upper uncertainty in Teff
37- 41 F5.2 mag AV [-1.78/8.46] The V band extinction
43- 46 F4.2 mag e_AV [0.02/0.5]? Lower uncertainty in AV
48- 51 F4.2 mag E_AV [0.01/0.5]? Upper uncertainty in AV
53- 58 F6.1 pc Dist [90/3000] Distance
60- 65 F6.1 pc e_Dist [0.7/3000] Lower uncertainty in Dist
67- 72 F6.1 pc E_Dist [0.7/4000] Upper uncertainty in Dist
74- 77 F4.2 [Lsun] logLs [0.39/4.9]? log stellar luminosity
79- 82 F4.2 [Lsun] e_logLs [0.01/0.7]? Lower uncertainty in logL*
84- 87 F4.2 [Lsun] E_logLs [0.04/0.6]? Upper uncertainty in logL*
89- 93 F5.2 Msun Ms [1.2/22]? Stellar mass
95- 98 F4.2 Msun e_Ms [0.02/7]? Lower uncertainty in M*
100-104 F5.2 Msun E_Ms [0.01/10]? Upper uncertainty in M*
106-110 F5.2 Myr Age [0/17]? Stellar age
112-116 F5.3 Myr e_Age [0.006/5]? Lower uncertainty in Age
118-122 F5.2 Myr E_Age [0.02/20]? Upper uncertainty in Age
124-126 A3 --- Group Group identifier ("I": 34 occurrences;
"II": 38 occurrences or
"III": 1 occurrence) (2)
129 A1 --- r_Group Flag on Group (3)
131 A1 --- r_Teff Reference code for Teff (3)
133-134 A2 --- r_AV Reference code for AV (3)
136 A1 --- r_Dist Reference code for Dist (3)
138 A1 --- r_logLs Reference code for logLs (3)
140 A1 --- r_Ms Reference code for Ms (3)
142 A1 --- r_Age Reference code for Age (3)
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Note (1): The spectral types for MWC 778, LkHa 192, and LkHa 131 are given as
B and with no subclass in the literature. We adopt Teff values of
15700K, corresponding to a B5 star, for the analysis. V451 Ori,
HD 245465, and CQ Uma have negative AV values, either from the
literature or our determinations. We list the negative values here
but make the AV zero for these objects in the analysis.
Note (2): We do not list references for the Group determinations,
unless flagged, as these are primarily from this work.
Note (3): Reference as follows:
f = Baines et al. (2012BaltA..21..379B 2012BaltA..21..379B)
h = Mendigutia et al. (2012A&A...543A..59M 2012A&A...543A..59M)
TW = this work
a = Wichittanakom et al. (2020, J/MNRAS/493/234)
b = Vioque et al. (2020, J/A+A/638/A21)
c = Joy (1949ApJ...110..424J 1949ApJ...110..424J)
d = Bailer-Jones et al. (2018AJ....156...58B 2018AJ....156...58B ; Cat. I/347)
e = Fairlamb et al. (2015, J/MNRAS/453/976)
g = Kim et al. (2016, J/ApJS/226/8)
i = Hernandez et al. (2004AJ....127.1682H 2004AJ....127.1682H)
j = Valenti et al. (2000ApJS..129..399V 2000ApJS..129..399V)
k = Suarez et al. (2006, J/A+A/458/173)
l = Sartori et al. (2010AJ....139...27S 2010AJ....139...27S)
m = Abt & Morrell (1995, J/ApJS/99/135)
n = Herbig (1958ApJ...128..259H 1958ApJ...128..259H)
o = Cohen & Kuhi (1979ApJS...41..743C 1979ApJS...41..743C)
p = Stephenson & Sanduleak (1977PW&SO...2...71S 1977PW&SO...2...71S)
q = Mel'Nikov (2001ARep...45..686M 2001ARep...45..686M)
r = Welin (1973A&AS....9..183W 1973A&AS....9..183W)
s = Straizys et al. (1999BaltA...8..355S 1999BaltA...8..355S)
t = Straizys et al. (2008, J/BaltA/17/125)
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table3.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 4 A4 --- Lit Literature source (G1)
6- 20 A15 --- Name Object identifier
22- 23 I2 h RAh [3/20] Hour of Right Ascension (J2000)
25- 26 I2 min RAm Minute of Right Ascension (J2000)
28- 31 F4.1 s RAs Second of Right Ascension (J2000)
33 A1 --- DE- Sign of the Declination (J2000)
34- 35 I2 deg DEd Degree of Declination (J2000)
37- 38 I2 arcmin DEm Arcminute of Declination (J2000)
40- 43 F4.1 arcsec DEs Arcsecond of Declination (J2000)
45- 49 I5 K Teff [6000/34000] Effective temperature
51- 54 I4 K e_Teff [100/4000] Lower uncertainty in Teff
56- 59 I4 K E_Teff [100/4000] Upper uncertainty in Teff
61- 64 F4.2 mag AV [0/7.9] The V band extinction
66- 69 F4.2 mag e_AV [0/0.6] Lower uncertainty in AV
71- 74 F4.2 mag E_AV [0.01/0.4] Upper uncertainty in AV
76- 81 F6.1 pc Dist [102/4000] Distance
83- 87 F5.1 pc e_Dist [0.9/400] Lower uncertainty in Dist
89- 93 F5.1 pc E_Dist [0.9/700] Upper uncertainty in Dist
95- 99 F5.2 [Lsun] logLs [-0.67/5.4] log stellar luminosity
101-104 F4.2 [Lsun] e_logLs [0.05/0.8] Lower uncertainty in logLs
106-109 F4.2 [Lsun] E_logLs [0.06/0.6] Upper uncertainty in logLs
111-115 F5.2 Msun Ms [1.2/40]? Stellar mass
117-121 F5.2 Msun e_Ms [0.02/10]? Lower uncertainty in Ms
123-127 F5.2 Msun E_Ms [0.02/20]? Upper uncertainty in Ms
129-133 F5.2 Myr Age [0/18]? Stellar age
135-138 F4.2 Myr e_Age [0/4]? Lower uncertainty in Age
140-144 F5.2 Myr E_Age [0.01/10]? Upper uncertainty in Age
146-148 A3 --- Group Group identifier (1)
150 A1 --- r_Group Flag on Group (2)
152 A1 --- r_Teff Reference code for Teff (2)
154 A1 --- r_AV Reference code for AV (2)
156 A1 --- r_Dist Reference code for Dist (2)
158 A1 --- r_logLs Reference code for logLs (2)
160 A1 --- r_Ms Reference code for Ms (2)
162 A1 --- r_Age Reference code for Age (2)
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Note (1): We do not list references for the Group determinations,
unless flagged, as these are primarily from this work.
Note (2): Reference as follows:
c = Juhasz et al. (2010ApJ...721..431J 2010ApJ...721..431J).
a = Wichittanakom et al. (2020, J/MNRAS/493/234);
b = Vioque et al. (2020, J/A+A/638/A21).
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table4.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 3 I3 --- Seq [1/102] Index number
5- 19 A15 --- Name Object identifier
21- 25 F5.1 0.1nm EWobs [-42.1/6] Observed Brγ equivalent
width; Angstroms
27- 29 F3.1 0.1nm e_EWobs [0.3/1] Uncertainty in EWobs
31- 34 F4.2 mag DelKmag [0.04/5] Difference between dereddened
target photosphere K band magnitudes
36- 40 F5.1 0.1nm EWcor [-47.3/2.6] Equivalent width after
correcting for disk veiling &
photospheric absorption
42- 44 F3.1 0.1nm e_EWcor [0.3/1] Uncertainty in EWcor
46- 51 F6.1 10-17W/m2 FBrg [0.2/1310] Brγ flux;
10-14erg/s/cm2
53- 56 F4.1 10-17W/m2 e_FBrg [0.2/50] Uncertainty in FBrg
58- 64 F7.1 10-4Lsun LBrg [0/17000] Brγ luminosity
66- 71 F6.1 10-4Lsun e_LBrg [0.2/7000] Uncertainty in LBrg
73- 80 F8.2 Lsun Lacc [0/60000] Accretion luminosity
82- 89 F8.2 Lsun e_Lacc [0.03/40000] Uncertainty in Lacc
91- 97 F7.3 10-6Msun/yr dM/dt [0.001/900]? Accretion rate
99- 105 F7.3 10-6Msun/yr e_dM/dt [0.001/800]? Uncertainty in dM/dt (1)
107- 116 A10 --- Shape Brγ line shape
118- 122 F5.2 mag Color [-2.34/8]? The 12-60um color index
124- 127 F4.2 Lsun LNIR [1.7/5.4]? Near-Infrared luminosity
129- 132 F4.2 Lsun LIR [1/5]? Infrared luminosity
134- 137 A4 --- Var Variability source (G1)
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Note (1): Objects with unknown uncertainties on Ms or Rs have
dM/dt values listed without uncertainties.
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Global notes:
Note (G1): Objects in Fairlamb+ (2015, J/MNRAS/453/976 and 2017MNRAS.464.4721F 2017MNRAS.464.4721F)
and Donehew & Brittain (2011AJ....141...46D 2011AJ....141...46D) are denoted with "F15"
and "DB11" in this column, respectively.
If the object is in both, it is denoted "Both"
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 07-Nov-2023