J/ApJ/926/25 Sh 2-301 and NE cluster multiwavelength study (Pandey+, 2022)
Sh 2-301: a blistered HII region undergoing star formation.
Pandey R., Sharma S., Dewangan L.K., Ojha D.K., Panwar N., Das S.,
Bisen D.P., Ghosh A., Sinha T.
<Astrophys. J., 926, 25 (2022)>
=2022ApJ...926...25P 2022ApJ...926...25P
ADC_Keywords: H II regions; YSOs; Photometry, UBVRI; Photometry, infrared;
Stars, masses; Stars, ages; Clusters, open; Proper motions
Keywords: Interstellar dust extinction ; Interstellar filaments ;
Stellar-interstellar interactions ; Star formation
Abstract:
We present a multiwavelength study of the HII region Sh 2-301 (S301)
using deep optical data, near-infrared data, radio continuum data, and
other archival data at longer wavelengths. A cluster of young stellar
objects (YSOs) is identified in the northeast (NE) direction of S301.
The Hα and radio continuum images trace the distribution of the
ionized gas surrounding a massive star, ALS 207, and the S301 HII
region is bounded by an arc-like structure of gas and dust emission in
the southeastern direction. The northwestern part of S301 seems to be
devoid of gas and dust emission, while the presence of molecular
material between the NE cluster and the central massive star ALS 207
is found. The distribution of warm dust emission, ionized gas, and
neutral hydrogen together suggests a blistered morphology of the S301
HII region powered by ALS 207, which appears to be located near the
edge of the cloud. The location of the NE cluster embedded in the cold
molecular cloud is found opposite to the blistered morphology. There
is a noticeable age difference investigated between the massive star
and the NE cluster. This age difference, pressure calculation,
photodissociation regions, and the distribution of YSOs favor the
positive feedback of the massive star ALS 207 in S301. On a wider
scale of S301, the HII region and the young stellar cluster are
depicted toward the central region of a hub-filamentary system, which
is evident in the infrared images.
Description:
We have observed the S301 region in broadband optical (UBV(RI)c)
filters using the 1.3m Devasthal Fast Optical Telescope (DFOT) of the
Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational Sciences, Nainital,
India.
We have also observed S301 in broadband near-IR (NIR; JHK) filters
using the TIFR Near Infrared Spectrometer and Imager (TIRSPEC) mounted
on the 2m Himalayan Chandra Telescope (HCT), Hanle, Ladakh, India.
We performed spectroscopic observations of three bright sources,
ALS 207, ALS 208 and ALS 212 (see Figure 1), in the S301 region, using
the Hanle Faint Object Spectrograph Camera (HFOSC) instrument mounted
on the HCT, Hanle, India.
Radio continuum observation of the S301 region at 1280MHz was carried
out using the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT) facility on 2018
December 22 (Proposal Code: 35_107; P.I.: Rakesh Pandey).
Objects:
----------------------------------------------------------
RA (ICRS) DE Designation(s)
----------------------------------------------------------
07 09 54.29 -18 29 53.0 S301 = Sh 2-301
07 10 17.51 -18 27 35.0 NE-cluster
----------------------------------------------------------
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ReadMe 80 . This file
table3.dat 213 137 The 137 stars identified as a member of the
NE-cluster (having optical counterparts)
table4.dat 197 37 The information for 37 YSOs indentified in the
S301 region (18.5'x18.5' FOV)
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See also:
III/92 : A Library of Stellar Spectra (Jacoby+ 1984)
III/195 : Atlas of Optical Spectral Classification OB Stars (Walborn+ 1990)
II/183 : UBVRI Photometric Standards (Landolt 1992)
II/246 : 2MASS All-Sky Catalog of Point Sources (Cutri+ 2003)
II/311 : WISE All-Sky Data Release (Cutri+ 2012)
I/352 : Distances to 1.47 billion stars in Gaia EDR3 (Bailer-Jones+, 2021)
I/355 : Gaia DR3 Part 1. Main source (Gaia Collaboration, 2022)
J/A+AS/103/97 : Grids of stellar models V. (Meynet+ 1994)
J/A+AS/133/387 : NGC 1817 and NGC 1807 proper motions (Balaguer-Nunnez+ 1998)
J/A+A/447/221 : Dust continuum emission from IRAS sources (Beltran+, 2006)
J/ApJS/165/338 : Radio recombination lines in HII regions (Quireza+, 2006)
J/AJ/132/1669 : Wide-field CCD phot. around 9 open clusters (Sharma+, 2006)
J/A+A/482/585 : JHK photometry of stars in Sh 2-212 (Deharveng+, 2008)
J/MNRAS/383/1241 : UBVIc photometry of cluster Berkeley 59 (Pandey+, 2008)
J/MNRAS/396/964 : T Tauri in and around bright-rimmed clouds (Chauhan+, 2009)
J/ApJS/184/18 : Spitzer survey of young stellar clusters (Gutermuth+, 2009)
J/A+A/527/A62 : HK photometry in an UCHII region near Sh2-217 (Brand+, 2011)
J/AJ/143/41 : UBVIc CCD phot. of star clusters Tr14 and Tr16 (Hur+, 2012)
J/PASJ/64/107 : Multiwavelength study of NGC 281 complex (Sharma+, 2012)
J/ApJ/764/172 : UBVRI photometry of stars toward NGC 1931 (Pandey+, 2013)
J/A+A/567/A109 : Carina nebula optically identified YSOs (Kumar+, 2014)
J/AJ/150/41 : Rotational vel. of 136 B stars from ALS (Garmany+, 2015)
J/ApJS/224/4 : GOSSS III. Additional O-type systems (Maiz Apellaniz+, 2016)
J/MNRAS/461/2502 : Multiwavelength study of HII region S311 (Yadav+, 2016)
J/MNRAS/467/2943 : NGC 7538 region YSOs (Sharma+, 2017)
J/ApJ/864/136 : Massive SFRs multiwavelength study (Binder+, 2018)
J/A+A/618/A93 : Gaia DR2 open clusters in the MW (Cantat-Gaudin+, 2018)
J/ApJ/896/29 : Deep UBVRI photometry of NGC6910 members (Kaur+, 2020)
J/A+A/642/A87 : Hub-filament candidates (Kumar+, 2020)
J/MNRAS/492/2446 : Large-scale star formation in Auriga region (Pandey+, 2020)
J/ApJ/891/81 : Deep optical and IR photometry of Sh2-305 (Pandey+, 2020)
J/ApJ/905/61 : YSO candidates in the HII region SH 2-112 (Panwar+, 2020)
J/MNRAS/493/267 : Variable stars in the Sh 2-170 H II region (Sinha+, 2020)
J/MNRAS/504/356 : Updated parameters of 1743 open clusters (Dias+, 2021)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table3.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 3 I3 --- Seq [1/137] Internal index number
5- 14 F10.6 deg RAdeg [107.5/107.7] Gaia DR3 right ascension (ICRS)
at Epoch=2016.0
16- 25 F10.6 deg DEdeg [-18.5/-18.37] Gaia DR3 declination (ICRS)
at Epoch=2016.0
27- 32 F6.3 mas plx [-2.01/2.1] Gaia DR3 parallax
34- 38 F5.3 mas e_plx [0.013/1.4] Uncertainty in plx
40- 45 F6.3 mas/yr pmRA [-2.6/-1] Gaia DR3 proper motion along RA
47- 51 F5.3 mas/yr e_pmRA [0.01/1.1] Uncertainty in pmRA
53- 57 F5.3 mas/yr pmDE [1.8/3.8] Gaia DR3 proper motion along DE
59- 63 F5.3 mas/yr e_pmDE [0.01/1.2] Uncertainty in pmDE
65- 70 F6.3 mag Gmag [11.99/20.72] Gaia DR3 G band magnitude
72- 76 F5.3 mag BP-RP [0.38/2.8] Gaia DR3 (Blue-Red) passband color
78- 80 I3 % Prob [81/100] Probability a member
82- 86 F5.2 Myr Age [0.3/10.02] CMD analysis age
88- 91 F4.2 Myr e_Age [0/3.6] Uncertainty in Age
93- 96 F4.2 Msun Mass [0.28/7] CMD analysis mass
98- 101 F4.2 Msun e_Mass [0.01/0.8] Uncertainty in Mass
103- 108 F6.3 mag Umag [13.59/21.82]? Apparent Johnson U band Vega
magnitude
110- 115 F6.3 mag e_Umag [0.008/10]? Uncertainty in Umag
117- 122 F6.3 mag Bmag [12.3/20.9]? Apparent Johnson B band Vega
magnitude
124- 129 F6.3 mag e_Bmag [0.001/10]? Uncertainty in Bbag
131- 136 F6.3 mag Vmag [12/21.92]? Apparent Johnson V band Vega
magnitude
138- 143 F6.3 mag e_Vmag [0.001/0.1]? Uncertainty in Vmag
145- 150 F6.3 mag Rmag [11.85/21.21]? Apparent Cousins R band Vega
magnitude
152- 157 F6.3 mag e_Rmag [0.001/10]? Uncertainty in Rmag
159- 164 F6.3 mag Imag [11.69/19.64]? Apparent Cousins I band Vega
magnitude
166- 171 F6.3 mag e_Imag [0.002/10]? Uncertainty in Imag
173- 178 F6.3 mag Jmag [11.2/95.71]? Apparent J band Vega magnitude
180- 185 F6.3 mag e_Jmag [0.001/99.99]? Uncertainty in Jmag (1)
187- 192 F6.3 mag Hmag [10.73/17.81]? Apparent H band Vega magnitude
194- 199 F6.3 mag e_Hmag [0.001/99.99]? Uncertainty in Hmag (1)
201- 206 F6.3 mag Kmag [10.42/17.42]? Apparent K band Vega magnitude
208- 213 F6.3 mag e_Kmag [0.002/99.99]? Uncertainty in Kmag (1)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): A value of 99.99 in uncertainties indicate an upper limits or
very poor quality for the corresponding values.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table4.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 2 I2 --- Seq [1/37] Internal index number
4- 13 F10.6 deg RAdeg [107.4/107.61] Right Ascension (J2000)
15- 24 F10.6 deg DEdeg [-18.7/-18.4] Declination (J2000)
26- 31 F6.3 mag Bmag [18.34/18.4]? Apparent Johnson B band Vega
magnitude
33- 37 F5.3 mag e_Bmag [0.013]? Uncertainty in Bbag
39- 44 F6.3 mag Vmag [17/22.42]? Apparent Johnson V band Vega
magnitude
46- 50 F5.3 mag e_Vmag [0.007/0.11]? Uncertainty in Vmag
52- 57 F6.3 mag Rmag [16.42/20.41]? Apparent Johnson R band Vega
magnitude
59- 63 F5.3 mag e_Rmag [0.002/0.1]? Uncertainty in Rmag
65- 70 F6.3 mag Imag [15.37/19.1]? Apparent Johnson I band Vega
magnitude
72- 76 F5.3 mag e_Imag [0.004/0.04]? Uncertainty in Imag
78- 83 F6.3 mag Jmag [13.98/18.26]? Apparent J band Vega magnitude
85- 89 F5.3 mag e_Jmag [0.004/0.1]? Uncertainty in Jmag
91- 96 F6.3 mag Hmag [12.96/17.55]? Apparent H band Vega magnitude
98- 102 F5.3 mag e_Hmag [0.005/0.08]? Uncertainty in Hmag
104- 109 F6.3 mag Kmag [11.97/16.5]? Apparent K band Vega magnitude
111- 115 F5.3 mag e_Kmag [0.004/0.16]? Uncertainty in Kmag
117- 122 F6.3 mag 3.4mag [10.79/14.5]? Apparent Spitzer/IRAC 3.4um band
Vega magnitude
124- 128 F5.3 mag e_3.4mag [0.02/0.14]? Uncertainty in 3.4mag
130- 135 F6.3 mag 4.6mag [8.69/14.12]? Apparent Spitzer/IRAC 4.6um band
Vega magnitude
137- 141 F5.3 mag e_4.6mag [0.02/0.2]? Uncertainty in 4.6mag
143- 148 F6.3 mag 12mag [5.8/10.55]? Apparent Spitzer/IRAC 12um band
Vega magnitude
150- 154 F5.3 mag e_12mag [0.016/0.2]? Uncertainty in 12mag
156- 160 F5.3 mag 22mag [2.56/8]? Apparent Spitzer/IRAC 22um band Vega
magnitude
162- 166 F5.3 mag e_22mag [0.02/0.3]? Uncertainty in 22mag
168- 169 A2 --- Class Classification ("II": 33 occurrences;
or "I": 4 occurrences)
171- 172 I2 --- NData [5/11]? Number of data points used in model
174- 177 F4.1 --- chi2 [0.1/60]? Reduced χ2 of model
179- 182 F4.2 Msun Mass [0.36/4.4]? SED analysis mass
184- 187 F4.2 Msun e_Mass [0.59/2]? Uncertainty in Mass
189- 192 F4.2 Myr Age [0.06/5.73]? SED analysis age
194- 197 F4.2 Myr e_Age [0.07/3.4]? Uncertainty in Age
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 15-Sep-2023