J/ApJ/926/28 SFHs of GOODS z=0-3.5 gal. with X-ray em. (Gilbertson+, 2022)
The stellar-age dependence of X-ray emission from normal star-forming galaxies
in the GOODS fields.
Gilbertson W., Lehmer B.D., Doore K., Eufrasio R.T., Basu-Zych A.,
Brandt W.N., Fragos T., Garofali K., Kovlakas K., Luo B., Tozzi P.,
Vito F., Williams B.F., Xue Y.
<Astrophys. J., 926, 28-28 (2022)>
=2022ApJ...926...28G 2022ApJ...926...28G (SIMBAD/NED BibCode)
ADC_Keywords: Galaxies; Energy distributions; Binaries, X-ray; Redshifts;
Stars, ages; Stars, masses
Keywords: X-ray binary stars; X-ray astronomy; X-ray surveys; Surveys
Abstract:
The Chandra Deep Field-South and North surveys (CDFs) provide unique
windows into the cosmic history of X-ray emission from normal
(nonactive) galaxies. Scaling relations of normal-galaxy X-ray
luminosity (LX) with star formation rate (SFR) and stellar mass
(M*) have been used to show that the formation rates of low-mass
and high-mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs and HMXBs, respectively) evolve
with redshift across z∼0-2 following LHMXB/SFR∝(1+z) and
LLMXB/M*∝(1+z)2-3. However, these measurements alone do
not directly reveal the physical mechanisms behind the redshift
evolution of X-ray binaries (XRBs). We derive star formation histories
for a sample of 344 normal galaxies in the CDFs, using spectral energy
distribution (SED) fitting of FUV-to-FIR photometric data, and
construct a self-consistent, age-dependent model of the X-ray emission
from the galaxies. Our model quantifies how X-ray emission from hot
gas and XRB populations vary as functions of host stellar-population
age. We find that (1) the ratio LX/M* declines by a factor of
∼1000 from 0 to 10Gyr and (2) the X-ray SED becomes harder with
increasing age, consistent with a scenario in which the hot gas
contribution to the X-ray SED declines quickly for ages above 10Myr.
When dividing our sample into subsets based on metallicity, we find
some indication that LX/M* is elevated for low-metallicity
galaxies, consistent with recent studies of X-ray scaling relations.
However, additional statistical constraints are required to quantify
both the age and metallicity dependence of X-ray emission from
star-forming galaxies.
Description:
To construct our sample, we utilize the GOODS-N catalog from
Barro+ (2019, J/ApJS/243/22) and the GOODS-S catalog from
Guo+ (2013, J/ApJS/207/24), which contain 35445 and 34930 sources,
respectively, for a total of 70375 initial objects. We restricted our
sample to include only galaxies that had six or more detections at
wavelengths greater than or equal to 3.6um to better constrain the
dust-emission SED. See Section 3 for details.
We also required that galaxies in our sample have "good" spectroscopic
redshifts, which were compiled from numerous other studies.
We further applied AGN-related cuts to limit our sample to "normal"
galaxies that have X-ray emission dominated by hot gas and X-ray
binaries (XRBs). After applying some other cuts, a total sample of
200 galaxies in the GOODS-N and 144 galaxies in the GOODS-S is
used. See Section 2 for details.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table2.dat 258 344 Physical properties of our sample
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See also:
VIII/10 : Bell Laboratories H I Profiles (Stark+ 1992)
VIII/28 : Bell Laboratories H I Survey (Stark+ 1992)
II/261 : GOODS initial results (Giavalisco+, 2004)
J/ApJS/79/77 : Bell Lab. H I Survey - High Velocity Clouds (Stark+ 1992)
J/AJ/127/3121 : TKRS catalog of GOODS-North Field (Wirth+, 2004)
J/ApJS/155/271 : CDF-South: Optical spectroscopy (Szokoly+, 2004)
J/A+A/437/883 : K20 survey: spectroscopic catalogue (Mignoli+, 2005)
J/ApJ/653/1004 : Galaxies at 1.4≲z≲3.0 in GOODS-North Field (Reddy+, 2006)
J/A+A/465/1099 : Redshift catalog of 691 objects in CDFS (Ravikumar+, 2007)
J/A+A/478/83 : GOODS-South Field VLT/FORS2 redshifts. III. (Vanzella+, 2008)
J/ApJ/681/1163 : Late-type galaxies in Chandra deep fields (Lehmer+, 2008)
J/ApJ/689/687 : GOODS-N spectroscopic survey (Barger+, 2008)
J/A+A/512/A12 : VLT/VIMOS spectroscopy in GOODS-South field (Balestra+, 2010)
J/ApJS/190/233 : Spectroscopy & abundances of SINGS galaxies (Moustakas+, 2010)
J/AJ/141/1 : Spitzer observations of GOODS fields (Teplitz+, 2011)
J/MNRAS/419/2095 : HMXBs in nearby galaxies (Mineo+, 2012)
J/MNRAS/425/2116 : Arizona CDFS Environment Survey, ACES (Cooper+, 2012)
J/ApJ/758/129 : 4Ms Chandra Deep Field South 6-8keV galaxies (Xue+, 2012)
J/ApJ/764/41 : X-ray binary evolution across cosmic time (Fragos+, 2013)
J/ApJS/207/24 : GOODS-S CANDELS multiwavelength catalog (Guo+, 2013)
J/ApJ/776/L31 : Energy feedback from XRB from z=0 to z=19.92 (Fragos+, 2013)
J/ApJ/797/91 : X-Ray source properties for NGC 2207/IC 2163 (Mineo+, 2014)
J/ApJS/224/15 : Improved 2Ms and 250ks Chandra catalogs (Xue+, 2016)
J/ApJ/825/7 : Evolution of ∼6Ms CDF-S galaxies (Lehmer+, 2016)
J/ApJS/228/2 : Chandra Deep Field-South survey: 7Ms sources (Luo+, 2017)
J/ApJ/853/172 : "Super-deblended" dust emission in galaxies. I. (Liu+, 2018)
J/ApJS/234/23 : The WISE AGN candidates catalogs (Assef+, 2018)
J/MNRAS/483/711 : Sub-galactic X-ray scaling relations (Anastasopoulou+, 2019)
J/ApJS/243/3 : Chandra observations of SINGS galaxies (Lehmer+, 2019)
J/ApJS/243/22 : CANDELS/SHARDS multiwavelength cat. in GOODS-N (Barro+, 2019)
J/ApJ/887/20 : Deep Chandra survey of the SMC. III. HMXBs (Antoniou+, 2019)
J/A+A/637/A12 : Northern disk of M31 XMM-Newton images (Kavanagh+, 2020)
J/ApJS/248/31 : HST & Chandra obs. of elliptical galaxies (Lehmer+, 2020)
J/MNRAS/498/4790 : ULX sources in local Universe (Kovlakas+, 2020)
J/ApJ/906/120 : X-Ray binary population in M31 (Lazzarini+, 2021)
J/ApJ/907/17 : HMXB-dominant galaxy sample and properties (Lehmer+, 2021)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table2.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 20 A20 --- Name Galaxy name (JHHMMSS.ss+DDMMSS.ss or
JHHMMSS.ss+DDMMSS.s)
22- 26 F5.3 --- z [0.08/3.11] Redshift
28- 33 F6.2 Msun/yr SFH1 [0.03/324] 0-10Myr SFR, median ψ (1)
35- 40 F6.2 Msun/yr SFH2 [0.06/321] 10-31.6Myr SFR, median ψ (1)
42- 47 F6.2 Msun/yr SFH3 [0.07/339] 31.6-100Myr SFR, median ψ (1)
49- 54 F6.2 Msun/yr SFH4 [0.05/319] 0.1-0.316Gyr SFR, median ψ (1)
56- 61 F6.2 Msun/yr SFH5 [0.03/169] 0.316-1Gyr SFR, median ψ (1)
63- 67 F5.2 Msun/yr SFH6 [0.01/86]?=0 1-3.16Gyr SFR, median ψ
(1)(2)
69- 72 F4.2 Msun/yr SFH7 [0.01/4.4]?=0 3.16-10Gyr SFR, median ψ
(1)(2)
74- 78 F5.2 Msun/yr e_SFH1 [0.02/52] SFH1 16%-84% confidence interval
80- 85 F6.2 Msun/yr e_SFH2 [0.04/132] SFH2 16%-84% confidence interval
87- 92 F6.2 Msun/yr e_SFH3 [0.04/134] SFH3 16%-84% confidence interval
94- 99 F6.2 Msun/yr e_SFH4 [0.03/110] SFH4 16%-84% confidence interval
101- 105 F5.2 Msun/yr e_SFH5 [0.02/73] SFH5 16%-84% confidence interval
107- 111 F5.2 Msun/yr e_SFH6 [0.01/30]?=0 SFH6 16%-84% confidence interval
113- 116 F4.2 Msun/yr e_SFH7 [0.01/1.6]?=0 SFH7 16%-84% confidence
interval
118- 138 E21.17 10-7W LX [4e+39/2.6e+42]?=-1 The 0.5-8keV luminosity
for X-ray-detected galaxies in erg/s
140- 145 F6.2 Msun/yr SFR [0.06/318] Star formation rate; as defined
in Section 3.1
147- 151 F5.2 Msun/yr e_SFR [0.03/96] SFR uncertainty
153- 162 E10.6 Msun Mass [6.7e+7/1.7e+11] Total current stellar mass,
M*
164- 172 E9.5 Msun e_Mass [2.3e+7/5e+10] Mass uncertainty
174- 178 F5.2 ct CtSB1 [0/40] Observed source counts for SB1
180- 184 F5.2 ct CtSB1bg [2.4/10.4] Background count estimate for SB1
186- 203 F18.16 arcsec ApSB1 [1/1.4] Aperture correction for SB1
205- 215 F11.3 --- ExpSB1 [1e+06/6.6e+06] Exposure time for SB1
217- 221 F5.2 ct CtSB2 [0.4/52] Observed source counts for SB2
223- 227 F5.2 ct CtSB2bg [3.3/19] Background count estimate for SB2
229- 246 F18.16 arcsec ApSB2 [1/1.4] Aperture correction for SB2
248- 258 F11.3 --- ExpSB2 [1e+06/6.7e+06] Exposure time for SB2
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Note (1): Stellar mass conversion factors for each age range (Table 1):
-------------------------------
Age bin range M*/M0
-------------------------------
0-10Myr 0.947
10-31.6Myr 0.832
31.6-100Myr 0.764
100-316Myr 0.700
0.316-1Gyr 0.636
1-3.16Gyr 0.555
3.16-10Gyr 0.484
-------------------------------
Note (2): Galaxies that do not have any star formation in an age bin due to
redshift constraints on age have a NULL value to represent this lack of
contributing stellar mass.
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History:
From electronic version of the journal (Table converted via TOPCAT)
(End) Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 18-Sep-2023