J/ApJ/927/44 ELVES II: early-type satellites phot. & GC data (Carlsten+, 2022)
ELVES II: globular clusters and nuclear star clusters of dwarf galaxies: the
importance of environment.
Carlsten S.G., Greene J.E., Beaton R.L., Greco J.P.
<Astrophys. J., 927, 44 (2022)>
=2022ApJ...927...44C 2022ApJ...927...44C
ADC_Keywords: Galaxies, dwarf; Local group; Clusters, globular; Surveys
Keywords: Dwarf galaxies ; Nucleated dwarf galaxies ; Globular star clusters ;
Galaxy evolution ; Galaxy nuclei
Abstract:
We present the properties of the globular clusters (GCs) and nuclear
star clusters (NSCs) of low-mass (105.5<M*<108.5M☉)
early-type satellites of Milky Way-like and small group hosts in the
Local Volume (LV) using deep, ground-based data from the ongoing
Exploration of Local VolumE Satellites Survey. This sample of
177 dwarfs significantly increases the statistics for studying the
star clusters of dwarfs in low-density environments, offering an
important comparison to samples from nearby galaxy clusters. The LV
dwarfs exhibit significantly lower nucleation fractions at fixed
galaxy mass than dwarfs in nearby clusters. The masses of NSCs of LV
dwarfs show a similar scaling of M*,NSC∝M*,gal0.4 as that
found in clusters but offset to lower NSC masses. To deal with
foreground/background contamination in the GC analysis, we employ both
a statistical subtraction and Bayesian approach to infer the average
GC system properties from all dwarfs simultaneously. We find that the
GC occupation fraction and average abundance are both increasing
functions of galaxy stellar mass, and the LV dwarfs show significantly
lower average GC abundance at fixed galaxy mass than a comparable
sample of Virgo dwarfs analyzed in the same way, demonstrating that GC
prevalence also shows an important secondary dependence on the dwarf's
environment. This result strengthens the connection between GCs and
NSCs in low-mass galaxies. We discuss these observations in the
context of modern theories of GC and NSC formation, finding that the
environmental dependencies can be well explained by these models.
Description:
For our primary observational sample, we use results from the ongoing
Exploration of Local VolumE Satellites Survey (ELVES). Satellite
candidates are detected using deep, wide-field imaging combined with
the detection algorithm, specialized for finding
low-surface-brightness, diffuse dwarf galaxies, of
Carlsten+ (2020ApJ...891..144C 2020ApJ...891..144C) and Greco+ (2018, J/ApJ/857/104). The
candidate satellites are confirmed with a variety of distance
measurements including archival redshifts and tip of the
red-giant-branch (TRGB) distances, but the majority of distances are
measured via surface-brightness fluctuations (SBF).
The survey uses a mixture of archival Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope
(CFHT)/MegaCam imaging and the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument
Legacy Imaging Surveys, which includes both the Beijing-Arizona Sky
Survey (BASS) and the Dark Energy Camera Legacy Survey (henceforth,
these surveys are collectively referred to as DECaLS).
We used deeper Gemini (program IDs: FT-2020A-060 and US-2020B-037) or
Subaru/HSC data, where available, to measure the dwarf distances via
SBF. See Section 2.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table4.dat 58 177 Dwarf photometry and globular cluster (GC) results
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See also:
VII/195 : Globular Clusters in the Milky Way (Harris, 1996)
VII/202 : Globular Clusters in the Milky Way (Harris, 1997)
J/ApJS/153/223 : ACS Virgo Cluster Survey. I. (Cote+, 2004)
J/A+A/442/85 : Globular cluster cand. in Low SB Galaxies (Sharina+, 2005)
J/AJ/131/814 : VCC 1087 globular cluster system (Beasley+, 2006)
J/ApJS/171/101 : GCs in the ACS Virgo cluster survey (Jordan+, 2007)
J/ApJ/660/1186 : VCC galaxies classification with SDSS (Lisker+, 2007)
J/ApJ/681/197 : ACS Virgo Cluster Survey. XV (Peng+, 2008)
J/MNRAS/396/1075 : Globular cluster in nearby dwarf gal. II (Georgiev+, 2009)
J/MNRAS/392/879 : Globular clusters in nearby dwarf galaxies (Georgiev+, 2009)
J/MNRAS/405/857 : Star clusters in NGC 3256 (Goddard+, 2010)
J/AJ/144/4 : Dwarf galaxies in the Local Group (McConnachie+, 2012)
J/AJ/145/101 : Updated nearby galaxy catalog (Karachentsev+, 2013)
J/MNRAS/445/2385 : HST/ACS Coma Cluster Survey. X. (den Brok+, 2014)
J/MNRAS/441/3570 : Nuclear star clusters in spiral galaxies (Georgiev+, 2014)
J/ApJ/789/147 : Star formation histories of LG dwarf galaxies (Weisz+, 2014)
J/ApJ/813/L15 : Dwarf galaxies in Fornax cluster from NGFS (Munoz+, 2015)
J/ApJ/843/16 : Galaxy groups within 3500km/s (Kourkchi+, 2017)
J/MNRAS/478/1520 : Milky Way globular clusters data (Baumgardt+, 2018)
J/ApJ/855/142 : Next Generation Fornax Survey. II. (Eigenthaler+, 2018)
J/ApJ/857/104 : Low surface brightness galaxies from HSC-SSP (Greco+, 2018)
J/ApJ/859/52 : NGFS. III. Dwarf gal. in outer reg. (Ordenes-Briceno+, 2018)
J/ApJ/860/4 : NGFS. IV. The Fornax core region (Ordenes-Briceno+, 2018)
J/A+A/620/A165 : Fornax Deep Survey with VST. IV. Dwarf gal. (Venhola+, 2018)
J/A+A/625/A94 : YSOs in early-type dwarf galaxies (Hamraz+, 2019)
J/A+A/629/A18 : Deep VI phot. of 15 dwarf galaxy candidates (Mueller+, 2019)
J/ApJ/878/18 : NGVS. XXIII. Nuclear star clusters (Sanchez-Janssen+, 2019)
J/ApJ/890/128 : NGVS. XIV. Bona fide Virgo cl. members (Ferrarese+, 2020)
J/MNRAS/491/1901 : Dwarf gal. in the MATLAS low-density fields (Habas+, 2020)
J/A+A/635/A135 : Galaxies around M87 (Kashibadze+, 2020)
J/ApJ/922/267 : Dwarf galaxies photometry & structures (Carlsten+, 2021)
J/A+A/647/A100 : Fornax Deep Survey with VST. XI. (Su+, 2021)
J/ApJ/933/47 : The ELVES survey photometric results (Carlsten+, 2022)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table4.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 14 A14 --- Name Satellite name
16- 23 A8 --- Host Host galaxy name
25- 29 F5.2 Mpc Dist [0/11.9] Host distance
31- 34 F4.2 [Msun] logM [5.58/8.47] Log of dwarf's stellar mass
36- 39 F4.1 --- Ngc [-6.5/16.2]? GC abundance from the simple
background-subtraction analysis
41- 44 F4.1 --- e_Ngc [0/14.1]? Lower uncertainty on Ngc
46- 48 F3.1 --- E_Ngc [0/6.6]? Upper uncertainty on Ngc
50- 51 A2 --- Filt Filter combination (g/r or g/i)
53- 58 A6 --- Source Source of data (CFHT/MegaCam, DECaLS...)
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
References:
Carlsten et al. Paper I. 2022ApJ...933...47C 2022ApJ...933...47C Cat. J/ApJ/933/47
Carlsten et al. Paper II. 2022ApJ...927...44C 2022ApJ...927...44C This catalog
Greene et al. Paper III. 2023ApJ...949...94G 2023ApJ...949...94G
Danieli et al. Paper IV. 2023ApJ...956....6D 2023ApJ...956....6D
(End) Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 21-Dec-2023