J/ApJ/927/91 Stripping & unwinding galaxies from WINGS surveys (Vulcani+, 2022)
The relevance of ram pressure stripping for the evolution of blue cluster
galaxies as seen at optical wavelengths.
Vulcani B., Poggianti B.M., Smith R., Moretti A., Jaffe Y.L.,
Gullieuszik M., Fritz J., Bellhouse C.
<Astrophys. J., 927, 91 (2022)>
=2022ApJ...927...91V 2022ApJ...927...91V
ADC_Keywords: Galaxies, IR; Optical; Morphology; Redshifts
Keywords: Disk galaxies ; Galaxies ; Spiral galaxies ;
Ram pressure stripped tails ; Galaxy clusters
Abstract:
Ram pressure stripping is one of the most efficient mechanisms able to
affect the gas reservoir in cluster galaxies, and in the last decades
many studies have characterized the properties of stripped galaxies. A
definite census of the importance of this process in local clusters is
still missing, though. Here, we characterize the fraction of galaxies
showing signs of stripping at optical wavelengths, using the data of
66 clusters from the WINGS and OMEGAWINGS surveys. We focus on the
infalling galaxy population, and hence only consider blue, bright
(B<18.2), late-type, spectroscopically confirmed cluster members
within two virial radii. In addition to "traditional" stripping
candidates (SC)-i.e., galaxies showing unilateral debris and tails- we
also consider unwinding galaxies (UG) as potentially stripped
galaxies. Recent work has indeed unveiled a connection between
unwinding features and ram pressure stripping, and even though only
integral field studies can inform on how often these features are
indeed due to ram pressure, it is important to include them in the
global census. We performed a visual inspection of B-band images, and
here we release a catalog of 143 UG. SC and UG each represent
∼15%-20% of the inspected sample. If we make the assumption that they
both are undergoing ram pressure stripping, we can conclude that, at
any given time in the low-z universe, about 35% of the infalling
cluster population show signs of stripping in their morphology at
optical wavelengths. These fractions depend on color, mass, and
morphology, and little on clustercentric distance. Making some rough
assumptions regarding the duration of the tail visibility and the time
that cluster galaxies can maintain blue colors, we infer that almost
all bright blue late-type cluster galaxies undergo a stripping phase
during their life, boosting the importance of ram pressure stripping
in cluster galaxy evolution.
Description:
All galaxies considered in this paper have been observed in the
context of the WINGS and OMEGAWINGS surveys.
The WINGS data set (Fasano+ 2006A&A...445..805F 2006A&A...445..805F and
Moretti+ 2014A&A...564A.138M 2014A&A...564A.138M) consists of B and V deep photometry of a
field of view with the WFC@INT and the WFC@2.2mMPG/ESO for
76 clusters, along with J and K imaging with WFC@UKIRT and some U-band
imaging. OMEGAWINGS extends WINGS observations, quadrupling the area
covered (one square degree) for 46 of the 76 clusters. It is based on
B and V observations with OmegaCAM@VST GTO programs.
For both surveys, a number of spectroscopic follow-ups have been
conducted, using 2dF@AAT and WYFFOS@WHT observations for WINGS
(Cava+ 2009, J/A+A/495/707), and AAOmega@AAT observations for
OMEGAWINGS (Moretti+ 2017, J/A+A/599/A81).
To further increase the spectroscopic sample, we carried out a
systematic literature search of the available redshifts for the
galaxies in the WINGS+OMEGAWINGS photometric sample. The final
spectroscopic sample includes 46,700 redshifts.
See Section 2.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ReadMe 80 . This file
table1.dat 76 35 Newly identified stripping candidates
table2.dat 77 143 Galaxies showing unwinding features
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See also:
J/MNRAS/281/799 : XBACs, the sample (Ebeling+, 1996)
J/A+AS/122/399 : K and evolutionary corrections (Poggianti, 1997)
J/MNRAS/301/881 : The ROSAT brightest cluster sample - I. (Ebeling+, 1998)
J/MNRAS/318/333 : Extended ROSAT Bright Cluster Sample (Ebeling+ 2000)
J/A+A/495/707 : WINGS spectroscopy of 48 galaxy clusters (Cava+, 2009)
J/A+A/501/851 : WINGS JK phot. of 28 galaxy clusters (Valentinuzzi+, 2009)
J/A+A/497/667 : WINGS: Deep opt. phot. of 77 nearby clusters (Varela+, 2009)
J/MNRAS/420/926 : Morphology of galaxies in WINGS clusters (Fasano+, 2012)
J/A+A/561/A111 : U-band photometry of 17 WINGS clusters (Omizzolo+, 2014)
J/A+A/581/A41 : OmegaWINGS BV phot. of galaxy clusters (Gullieuszik+, 2015)
J/A+A/587/A68 : Ionised gas images of NGC 4569 (Boselli+, 2016)
J/AJ/151/78 : Jellyfish galaxy cand. in galaxy clusters (Poggianti+, 2016)
J/A+A/607/A81 : Properties of the sample of clusters (Biviano+, 2017)
J/A+A/599/A81 : OmegaWINGS clusters of galaxies redshifts (Moretti+, 2017)
J/MNRAS/496/4654 : Radio tails of galaxies in the Coma cluster (Chen+, 2020)
J/A+A/637/A54 : WINGS cluster survey 2nd u-band extension (D'Onofrio+, 2020)
J/ApJ/899/13 : GASP. XXI. Star forming rate in gal. (Gullieuszik+, 2020)
J/AJ/162/193 : Redshift survey nearby galaxy cluster A2626 (Healy+, 2021)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 4 A4 --- ID Progressive identifier number (SC##)
6- 12 A7 --- Cluster Name of the hosting cluster
14- 24 F11.7 deg RAdeg [17/360] Right Ascension (J2000)
26- 36 F11.7 deg DEdeg [-57.3/79] Declination (J2000)
38- 44 F7.5 --- z [0.03/0.07] Galaxy spectroscopic redshift
46 I1 --- JCl [1/4] Galaxy stripping class (1=weakest) (1)
48 I1 --- Fd [1]? Disturbance flag; see text for details (G1)
50- 51 A2 --- Img Inspected image code (G2)
53- 57 A5 --- --- [WINGS]
58- 76 A19 --- WINGS WINGS/OMEGAWINGS catalog
identifier (JHHMMSS.ss+DDMMSS.s)
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Note (1): Following the scheme presented in P16 (Poggianti+ 2016, J/AJ/151/78)
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table2.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 5 A5 --- ID Progressive identifier number (UG###)
7- 12 A6 --- Cluster Name of the hosting cluster
14- 24 F11.7 deg RAdeg Right Ascension (J2000)
26- 36 F11.7 deg DEdeg [-61.4/79] Declination (J2000)
38- 45 F8.6 --- z [0.034/0.07] Galaxy spectroscopic redshift
47 I1 --- UCl [1/5] Galaxy unwinding class (5=strongest)
49 I1 --- Fd [1]? Disturbance flag; see text for details (G1)
51- 52 A2 --- Img Inspected image code (G2)
54- 58 A5 --- --- [WINGS]
59- 77 A19 --- WINGS WINGS/OMEGAWINGS catalog
identifier (JHHMMSS.ss+DDMMSS.s)
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Global notes:
Note (G1): Fd=1 indicates that some asymmetries are evident
Note (G2): Image code as follows:
O = OMEGAWINGS (OmegaCAM on VST);
W = WINGS (WFC/2.5m Isaac Newton Telescope (INT) or 2.2m MPG/ESO).
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 09-Jan-2024