J/ApJ/934/26 Radio sp. of luminous obscured WISE-NVSS QSOs (Patil+, 2022)
Radio spectra of luminous, heavily obscured WISE-NVSS selected quasars.
Patil P., Whittle M., Nyland K., Lonsdale C., Lacy M., Kimball A.E.,
Lonsdale C., Peters W., Clarke T.E., Efstathiou A., Giacintucci S.,
Kim M., Lanz L., Mukherjee D., Polisensky E.
<Astrophys. J., 934, 26 (2022)>
=2022ApJ...934...26P 2022ApJ...934...26P
ADC_Keywords: QSOs; Spectra, radio; Redshifts; Infrared sources; Surveys
Keywords: Radio loud quasars ; Supermassive black holes ; Galaxy evolution ;
Spectral energy distribution ; Radio active galactic nuclei ;
Radio jets ; Radio continuum emission
Abstract:
We present radio spectra spanning 0.1-10GHz for the sample of heavily
obscured luminous quasars with extremely red mid-infrared-optical
colors and compact radio emission. The spectra are constructed from
targeted 10GHz observations and archival radio survey data that
together yield 6-11 flux-density measurements for each object. Our
primary result is that most (62%) of the sample have peaked or curved
radio spectra and many (37%) could be classified as Gigahertz-Peaked
Spectrum (GPS) sources. This indicates compact emission regions likely
arising from recently triggered radio jets. Assuming synchrotron
self-absorption (SSA) generates the peaks, we infer compact source
sizes (3-100pc) with strong magnetic fields (6-100mG) and young ages
(30-104yr). Conversely, free-free absorption (FFA) could also create
peaks due to the high column densities associated with the deeply
embedded nature of the sample. However, we find no correlations
between the existence or frequency of the peaks and any parameters of
the MIR emission. The high-frequency spectral indices are steep
(α~-1) and correlate, weakly, with the ratio of MIR photon
energy density to magnetic energy density, suggesting that the
spectral steepening could arise from inverse Compton scattering off
the intense MIR photon field. This study provides a foundation for
combining multifrequency and mixed-resolution radio survey data for
understanding the impact of young radio jets on the ISM and
star-formation rates of their host galaxies. faGithub
Description:
To construct the radio spectra of our sample, we combined targeted VLA
observations from Paper II (Patil+ 2020, J/ApJ/896/18) with public
archival radio surveys spanning a frequency range of 0.1-10GHz. We
found 12 radio surveys that have at least one successful detection
(see Section 3).
We obtained 10GHz (X-band) images of the entire sample using the Karl
G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA). Paper II presents these data and
initial results. The A-array observations were taken in 2012 October
and December, while the B-array data were taken in 2012 June, July,
and August.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table3.dat 114 155 Radio spectral shape parameters and two-band
spectral indices of our sample
fig17.dat 478 167 Radio spectra of our entire sample
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See also:
VIII/2 : Molonglo Reference Catalog of Radio Sources (Large+ 1981)
VIII/42 : Texas Survey of radio sources at 365MHz (Douglas+ 1996)
VIII/40 : GB6 catalog of radio sources (Gregory+ 1996)
VIII/65 : 1.4GHz NRAO VLA Sky Survey (NVSS) (Condon+ 1998)
VIII/78 : Sydney University Molonglo Sky Survey (SUMSS) (Mauch+ 2006)
VIII/81 : Sydney University Molonglo Sky Survey (SUMSS V2.1) (Mauch+ 2008)
VIII/97 : 74MHz VLA Low-frequency Sky Survey Redux (VLSSr) (Lane+, 2014)
VIII/92 : The FIRST Survey Catalog, Version 2014Dec17 (Helfand+ 2015)
VIII/100 : GaLactic and Extragalactic All-sky MWA survey (Hurley-Walker+, 2016)
J/A+AS/124/259 : Westerbork Northern Sky Survey I. (Rengelink+ 1997)
J/AJ/132/2409 : Deep ATLAS radio observations of CDFS (Norris+, 2006)
J/MNRAS/406/197 : Ultra-steep sp. radio sources in SDSS (Bornancini+, 2010)
J/MNRAS/402/2403 : Australia Telescope 20GHz Survey Cat., AT20G (Murphy+, 2010)
J/MNRAS/439/545 : Infrared-faint radio sources catalog (Collier+, 2014)
J/A+A/570/A55 : Spiderweb galaxy 870um & 1.4GHz images (Dannerbauer+, 2014)
J/ApJ/813/45 : ALMA observations in z∼0.5-3 quasars (Lonsdale+, 2015)
J/ApJ/805/90 : WISE ELIRGs and comparison with QSOs (Tsai+, 2015)
J/MNRAS/462/1910 : H-ATLAS NGP LOFAR radio catalogue (Hardcastle+, 2016)
J/MNRAS/458/3786 : CSS and GPS radio sources sample (Jeyakumar, 2016)
J/ApJ/836/174 : Extragal. peaked-spectrum radio sources (Callingham+, 2017)
J/A+A/598/A78 : The GMRT 150MHz all-sky radio survey (Intema+, 2017)
J/ApJS/230/7 : Spectral flux densities from 50MHz to 50GHz (Perley+, 2017)
J/A+A/628/A56 : Extragalactic MHz Peaked Sources at mas scales (Keim+, 2019)
J/A+A/622/A13 : VLA double-double radio galaxy cand. images (Mahatma+, 2019)
J/A+A/622/A1 : LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey DR1 source cat. (Shimwell+, 2019)
J/MNRAS/494/923 : WISE properties of AGNs from the AT20G (Chhetri+, 2020)
J/ApJ/896/18 : VLA imaging of obscured WISE+NVSS QSOs (Patil+, 2020)
J/A+A/648/A104 : LOFAR LBA Sky Survey. I. (de Gasperin+, 2021)
J/A+A/659/A1 : LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey (LoTSS) DR2 (Shimwell+, 2022)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table3.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 8 A8 --- ID Source identifier (JHHMM+DD); the
abbreviated name in
Patil+ 2020, J/ApJ/896/18
10- 14 F5.3 --- z [0.29/2.9]? Spectroscopic redshift
16- 17 A2 --- Morph The 10GHz morphology (1)
19- 20 A2 --- Sp Spectral shape class
21 A1 --- u_Sp Uncertainty flag on Sp
23- 27 F5.2 --- alpha10-1.4 [-2.2/0.51] NVSS 1.4GHz and VLA 10GHz
spectral index
29- 32 F4.2 --- e_alpha10-1.4 [0.04/0.3] Uncertainty in alpha10-1.4
34 A1 --- l_alpha1.4-0.15 Limit flag on alpha1.4-0.15
36- 41 F6.2 --- alpha1.4-0.15 [-1.3/1.12]? TGSS 0.15GHz and NVSS 1.4GHz
spectral index
43- 46 F4.2 --- e_alpha1.4-0.15 [0.04/0.3]? Uncertainty in alpha1.4-0.15
48 A1 --- l_nuPeak Limit flag on nuPeak
49- 53 F5.2 GHz nuPeak [0.07/4.9]? The turnover frequency
55- 58 F4.2 GHz e_nuPeak [0.01/1.6]? Uncertainty in nuPeak (3)
60- 64 F5.2 --- q [-0.91/0.34]? Best-fit value for
curvature parameter in Equ 2 (3)
66- 69 F4.2 --- e_q [0/0.2]? Uncertainty in q
71- 77 F7.2 mJy SPeak [7.6/1250]? Peak flux density
79- 84 F6.2 mJy e_SPeak [0.3/338]? Uncertainty in SPeak
86- 90 F5.2 --- alphaHigh [-2.8/1]? High-frequency spectral index
(4)
92- 95 F4.2 --- e_alphaHigh [0/0.6]? Uncertainty in alphaHigh
97- 101 F5.2 --- alphaLow [-2.4/2.9]? Low-frequency spectral index
(4)
103- 106 F4.2 --- e_alphaLow [0.01/5]? Uncertainty in alphaLow
108- 112 A5 --- QC Quality code (5)
114 A1 --- Reject? Source rejected from final sample (6)
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Note (1): As seen in VLA imaging (Patil+ 2020, J/ApJ/896/18). Code as follows:
UR = Unresolved (89 occurrences)
SR = Slightly/Marginally resolved (15 occurrences)
R = Resolved and single component (16 occurrences)
D = Double (23 occurrences)
T = Triple (10 occurrences)
M = Multi-component (2 occurrences)
Note (3): For the curved and peaked spectrum sources. The definition
of each parameter is described in Section 4.3.
The q parameter is taken directly from the fit of Equation (2):
Sν=Soναeq(lnν)2
where Sν is the flux density in mJy at frequency νGHz, So is
the flux density in mJy at 1GHz, and α is the spectral index;
see Section 4.1.
Note (4): Calculated using frequencies (above|below) Nupeak.
Note (5): Quality code as follows:
MP = source is resolved into multiple but relatively compact;
SB = possible source blending at lower resolution surveys;
FT = a faint, single source resulting in flux losses and additional
steepening of radio spectra (usually at X band);
E/R = Extended, multi-component source showing signs of additional
spectral steepening at higher frequencies;
E/M = Extended, multi-component source with no apparent flux losses.
Note (6): "N" indicates source is included while "Y" indicates that the given
radio spectra is rejected for a variety of reasons as explained
in Section 4.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: fig17.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 8 A8 --- ID Source identifier (JHHMM+DD)
10- 15 F6.2 mJy FNVSS [5/507] NVSS 1.4GHz flux density
17- 21 F5.2 mJy e_FNVSS [0.5/30] Uncertainty in FNVSS
23- 27 A5 --- f_FNVSS [FALSE] Upper limit flag on FNVSS
29- 32 A4 --- n_FNVSS [TRUE] FNVSS included in spectral modeling
34- 40 F7.2 mJy FTGSS [2.6/2291]? TGSS-ADR1 150MHz flux density
42- 47 F6.2 mJy e_FTGSS [2.4/473]? Uncertainty in FTGSS
49- 53 A5 --- f_FTGSS Upper limit flag on FTGSS
55- 58 A4 --- n_FTGSS [TRUE] FTGSS included in spectral modeling
60- 65 F6.2 mJy FWENSS [5/448]? WENSS 325MHz flux density
67- 71 F5.2 mJy e_FWENSS [1.8/23]? Uncertainty in FWENSS
73- 77 A5 --- f_FWENSS Upper limit flag on FWENSS
79- 83 A5 --- n_FWENSS FWENSS included in spectral modeling
85- 90 F6.2 mJy FVLASS [2/177]? VLASS S-band 3GHz flux density
92- 96 F5.2 mJy e_FVLASS [0.4/36]? Uncertainty in FVLASS
98- 102 A5 --- f_FVLASS [FALSE] Upper limit flag on FVLASS
104- 108 A5 --- n_FVLASS FVLASS included in spectral modeling
110- 114 F5.2 mJy FAX [0.15/46]? VLA A-array 10GHz flux density (1)
116- 119 F4.2 mJy e_FAX [0.01/1.4]? Uncertainty in FAX
121- 125 A5 --- f_FAX [FALSE] Upper limit flag on FAX
127- 131 A5 --- n_FAX FAX included in spectral modeling
133- 137 F5.2 mJy FBX [0.13/61]? VLA B-array 10GHz flux density (1)
139- 142 F4.2 mJy e_FBX [0.02/6]? Uncertainty in FBX
144- 148 A5 --- f_FBX [FALSE] Upper limit flag on FBX
150- 153 A4 --- n_FBX [TRUE] FBX included in spectral modeling
155- 161 F7.2 mJy FVCSS [10.7/1193]? VLITE Commensal Sky Survey 340MHz
flux density
163- 167 F5.2 mJy e_FVCSS [2.9/32]? Uncertainty in VFCSS
169- 173 A5 --- f_FVCSS [FALSE] Upper limit flag on FVCSS
175- 179 A5 --- n_FVCSS [FALSE] FVCSS included in spectral modeling
181- 186 F6.2 mJy FRACS [6.7/524]? RACS 887.5MHz flux density
188- 192 F5.2 mJy e_FRACS [0.78/48]? Uncertainty in FRACS
194- 198 A5 --- f_FRACS [FALSE] Upper limit flag on FRACS
200- 203 A4 --- n_FRACS [TRUE] FRACS included in spectral modeling
205- 211 F7.2 mJy FLOTSS [0.9/1264]? LOTSS 144MHz flux density
213- 217 F5.2 mJy e_FLOTSS [0.07/64]? Uncertainty in FLOTSS
219- 223 A5 --- f_FLOTSS [FALSE] Upper limit flag on FLOTSS
225- 229 A5 --- n_FLOTSS FLOTSS included in spectral modeling
231- 235 F5.2 --- SI-AX [-3.2/1.5]? VLA A-array in-band spectral index
237- 240 F4.2 --- e_SI-AX ? Uncertainty in SI-AX
242- 246 A5 --- n_SI-AX [FALSE] SI-AX included in spectral modeling
248- 252 F5.2 --- SI-BX [-4/1.5]? VLA B-array in-band spectral index
254- 257 F4.2 --- e_SI-BX ? Uncertainty in SI-BX
259- 263 A5 --- n_SI-BX SI-BX included in spectral modeling
265- 271 F7.2 mJy FGLEAM [13.9/1530]? GLEAM 200MHz flux density
273- 277 F5.2 mJy e_FGLEAM ? Uncertainty in FGLEAM
279- 283 A5 --- f_FGLEAM Upper limit on FGLEAM
285- 289 A5 --- n_FGLEAM FGLEAM included in spectral modeling
291- 297 F7.2 mJy FVLITE [25.4/1193]? VLITE 340MHz flux density
299- 303 F5.2 mJy e_FVLITE [3.9/60]? Uncertainty in FVLITE
305- 309 A5 --- f_FVLITE [FALSE] Upper limit flag on FVLITE
311- 314 A4 --- n_FVLITE [TRUE] FVLITE included in spectral modeling
316- 319 I4 mJy FMRC [700/1000]? MRC 408MHz flux density
321- 325 F5.2 mJy e_FMRC [53/87]? Uncertainty in FMRC
327- 331 A5 --- f_FMRC [FALSE] Upper limit on FMRC
333- 336 A4 --- n_FMRC [TRUE] FMRC included in spectral modeling
338- 343 F6.2 mJy FFIRST [3.4/249]? FIRST 1.4GHz flux density
345- 349 F5.2 mJy e_FFIRST [0.1/13]? Uncertainty in FFIRST
351- 355 A5 --- f_FFIRST [FALSE] Upper limit on FFIRST
357- 361 A5 --- n_FFIRST FFIRST included in spectral modeling
363- 369 F7.2 mJy FVLSSr [194.9/5700]? VLSSr 74MHz flux density
371- 376 F6.2 mJy e_FVLSSr ? Uncertainty in FVLSSr
378- 382 A5 --- f_FVLSSr Upper limit on FVLSSr
384- 387 A4 --- n_FVLSSr [TRUE] FVLSSr included in spectral modeling
389- 394 F6.2 mJy FSUMSS [9/313]? SUMSS 843MHz flux density
396- 400 F5.2 mJy e_FSUMSS [1.5/19]? Uncertainty in FSUMSS
402- 406 A5 --- f_FSUMSS [FALSE] Upper limit on FSUMSS
408- 412 A5 --- n_FSUMSS FSUMSS included in spectral modeling
414- 416 I3 mJy FGB6 [24/221]? GB6 4.85GHz flux density
418- 422 F5.2 mJy e_FGB6 [4/23]? Uncertainty in FGB6
424- 428 A5 --- f_FGB6 [FALSE] Upper limit on FGB6
430- 433 A4 --- n_FGB6 [TRUE] FGB6 included in spectral modeling
435- 437 I3 mJy FWISH [15/725]? WISH 340MHz flux density
439- 443 F5.2 mJy e_FWISH [3/37]? Uncertainty in FWISH
445- 449 A5 --- f_FWISH [FALSE] Upper limit flag on FWISH
451- 454 A4 --- n_FWISH [TRUE] FWISH included in spectral modeling
456- 461 F6.2 mJy FLOLSS [89/237]? LOLSS 54MHz flux density
463- 467 F5.2 mJy e_FLOLSS [13/17]? Uncertainty in FLOLSS
469- 473 A5 --- f_FLOLSS [FALSE] Upper limit on FLOLSS
475- 478 A4 --- n_FLOLSS [TRUE] FLOLSS included in spectral modeling
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Note (1): Taken from Table B1 in Patil+ 2020, J/ApJ/896/18
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
References:
Lonsdale et al. Paper I. 2015ApJ...813...45L 2015ApJ...813...45L Cat. J/ApJ/813/45
Patil et al. Paper II. 2020ApJ...896...18P 2020ApJ...896...18P Cat. J/ApJ/896/18
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 23-Apr-2024