J/ApJ/934/72 SUPERWIDE wide binary systems with TESS & K2 data (Hartman+, 2022)
Vetting the "Lobster" diagram: searching for unseen companions in wide binaries
using NASA space exoplanet missions.
Hartman Z.D., Lepine S., Medan I.
<Astrophys. J., 934, 72 (2022)>
=2022ApJ...934...72H 2022ApJ...934...72H
ADC_Keywords: Stars, double and multiple; Binaries, eclipsing; Photometry;
Optical
Keywords: Multiple stars ; Eclipsing binary stars ; Visual binary stars ;
Low mass stars ; Stellar rotation
Abstract:
Over the past decade, the number of known wide-binary systems has
expanded exponentially, thanks to the release of data from the Gaia
Mission. Some of these wide-binary systems are actually higher-order
multiples, where one of the components is an unresolved binary itself.
One way to search for these systems is by identifying the overluminous
components in the systems. In this study, we examine 4947 K+K
wide-binary pairs from the SUPERWIDE catalog, and quantify the
relative colors and luminosities of the components to find evidence
for additional unresolved companions. The method is best illustrated
in a graph that we call the "Lobster" diagram. To confirm that the
identified overluminous components are close binary systems, we
cross-match our wide binaries with the TESS, K2, and Kepler archives,
and search for signs of eclipses and fast stellar rotation modulation
in the light curves. We find that 78.9%±20.7% of the wide binaries
that contain an eclipsing system are identified as overluminous in the
"Lobster" diagram, and that 73.5%±12.4% of the wide binaries that
contain a component showing fast rotation (P<5d) also show an
overluminous component. From these results, we calculate a revised
lower limit on the higher-order multiplicity fraction for K+K wide
binaries of 40.0%±1.6%. We also examine the higher-order
multiplicity fraction as a function of projected physical separation
and metallicity. The fraction is unusually constant as a function of
projected physical separation, while we see no statistically
significant evidence that the fraction varies with metallicity.
Description:
The method used to identify our sample of wide binaries is detailed in
Hartman & Lepine (2020, J/ApJS/247/66). See also Section 2.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ReadMe 80 . This file
table1.dat 181 38 Data on systems with eclipsing binaries
table2.dat 181 13 Data on systems that show both stellar rotation
and eclipsing binaries
table3.dat 181 89 Data on systems where rotation with periods
less than 5 days is seen
table4.dat 181 88 Data on systems where rotation with periods
larger than 5 days is seen
table5.dat 181 4 Data on systems that are resolved higher-order
multiples in Gaia and have light curves that
show eclipses
table6.dat 181 4 Data on systems that are resolved higher-order
multiples in Gaia and have light curves that
show eclipses and rotation
table7.dat 181 14 Data on systems that are resolved higher-order
multiples in Gaia and have light curves that
show signs of rotation with a period less
than 5 days
table8.dat 181 13 Data on systems that are resolved higher-order
multiples in Gaia and have light curves that
show signs of rotation with a period larger
than 5 days
table9.dat 188 2 Data on two fast-rotator systems that showed
more than one stellar modulation
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See also:
V/133 : Kepler Input Catalog (Kepler Mission Team, 2009)
IV/34 : K2 Ecliptic Plane Input Catalog (EPIC) (Huber+, 2017)
I/345 : Gaia DR2 (Gaia Collaboration, 2018)
IV/39 : TESS Input Catalog version 8.2 (TIC v8.2) (Paegert+, 2021)
I/355 : Gaia DR3 Part 1. Main source (Gaia Collaboration, 2022)
J/AJ/133/889 : Faint companions of Hipparcos stars (Lepine+, 2007)
J/AJ/139/2566 : SLoWPoKES catalog (Dhital+, 2010)
J/ApJS/190/1 : A survey of stellar families (Raghavan+, 2010)
J/ApJS/192/2 : A Bayesian search for binaries in Hipparcos (Shaya+, 2011)
J/AJ/144/102 : Wide companions to Hipparcos stars (Tokovinin+, 2012)
J/AJ/147/86 : From binaries to multiples. I. (Tokovinin, 2014)
J/AJ/147/87 : From binaries to multiples. II. Statistics (Tokovinin, 2014)
J/AJ/150/57 : SLoWPoKES-II catalog (Dhital+, 2015)
J/MNRAS/455/4212 : Pan-STARRS 1: occurrence in the Kepler field (Dacon+, 2016)
J/MNRAS/472/675 : Wide binaries in Tycho-Gaia: search method (Andrews+, 2017)
J/AJ/153/259 : The GAMBLES extension of the SLoWPoKES cat. (Oelkers+, 2017)
J/AJ/153/257 : Comoving stars in Gaia DR1 (Oh+, 2017)
J/MNRAS/480/4302 : SDSS distant sample of halo wide binaries (Coronado+, 2018)
J/MNRAS/480/4884 : Gaia wide binaries (El-Badry+, 2018)
J/ApJS/235/6 : Updated Multiple Star Catalog (MSC) (Tokovinin, 2018)
J/AJ/156/259 : Robo-AO detected close binaries in Gaia DR2 (Ziegler+, 2018)
J/AJ/157/78 : Multiple star systems from GaiaDR2 (Jimenez-Esteban+, 2019)
J/ApJ/871/174 : Kepler rapid rotators and Ks-band excesses (Simonian+, 2019)
J/AJ/158/222 : Orbits of subsyst. in multiple stars. VI. (Tokovinin, 2019)
J/AJ/160/90 : Stellar parameters for 13196 Kepler dwarfs (Angus+, 2020)
J/ApJS/247/66 : SUPERWIDE: wide bin. in Gaia & SUPERBLINK (Hartman+, 2020)
J/MNRAS/501/4329 : [Fe/H] dependence of the wide-binary fraction (Hwang+, 2021)
J/AJ/161/234 : 1.7 million K and M dwarfs cross-matching (Medan+, 2021)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table[1-9].dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 19 I19 --- Gaia1 Primary Gaia DR2 identifier
21- 29 F9.5 deg RAdeg Primary Right Ascension (ICRS) at Ep=2015.5
31- 39 F9.5 deg DEdeg Primary Declination (ICRS) at Ep=2015.5
41- 47 F7.4 mag Gmag1 [7.9/15.3] Primary Gaia DR2 G band magnitude
49- 58 F10.4 ct/s GFlux1 [5.5/27916] Primary Gaia DR2 G band flux
error; e-/s
60- 65 A6 --- Mis1 Primary mission name (1)
67- 76 I10 --- Mis1ID ? Primary mission identifier
78- 96 I19 --- Gaia2 Secondary Gaia DR2 identifier
98- 106 F9.5 deg RA2deg Secondary Right Ascension (ICRS) at Ep=2015.5
108- 116 F9.5 deg DE2deg Secondary Declination (ICRS) at Ep=2015.5
118- 124 F7.4 mag Gmag2 [7.7/16.6] Secondary Gaia DR2 G band magnitude
126- 135 F10.4 ct/s GFlux2 [4.2/12704] Secondary Gaia DR2 G band flux
error; e-/s
137- 142 A6 --- Mis2 Secondary mission name (1)
144- 153 I10 --- Mis2ID ? Secondary mission identifier
155- 162 F8.5 d Per1 [0.15/25]? Estimated Primary period
164- 171 F8.5 d Per2 [0.18/16]? Estimated Secondary period
173- 181 F9.5 arcsec rho [2/767] Angular separation of SUPERWIDE binary
183- 188 F6.4 d Per3 [0.18/16]? Estimated Third period;
only for Table 9
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Note (1): Mission name as follows:
K2 = K2 survey;
T-2min = TESS 2 minute light curve data;
T-QLP = TESS data product from the MIT Quick Look-up Pipeline.
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 16-Jul-2024