J/ApJ/935/104 Catalog of Stellar Flares in 219 M-dwarfs (Medina+, 2022)
Galactic Kinematics and Observed Flare Rates of a Volume-complete Sample of
Mid-to-late M Dwarfs: Constraints on the History of the Stellar Radiation
Environment of Planets Orbiting Low-mass Stars.
Medina A.A., Winters J.G., Irwin J.M., Charbonneau D.
<Astrophys. J., 935, 104 (2022)>
=2022ApJ...935..104M 2022ApJ...935..104M
ADC_Keywords: Stars, M-type; Stars, flare ; Spectra, optical; Proper motions;
Parallaxes, trigonometric
Keywords: M dwarf stars ; Stellar flares ; Galaxy kinematics ; Stellar
rotation
Abstract:
We present a study of the relationship between Galactic kinematics,
flare rates, chromospheric activity, and rotation periods for a
volume-complete, nearly all-sky sample of 219 single stars within 15
pc and with masses between 0.1 and 0.3 M☉ observed during the
primary mission of TESS. We find all stars consistent with a common
value of α=1.984±0.019 for the exponent of the flare
frequency distribution. Using our measured stellar radial velocities
and Gaia astrometry, we determine Galactic UVW space motions. We find
78% of stars are members of the Galactic thin disk, 7% belong to the
thick disk, and for the remaining 15% we cannot confidently assign
membership to either component. If we assume star formation has been
constant in the thin disk for the past 8Gyr, then based on the
fraction that we observe to be active, we estimate the average age at
which these stars transition from the saturated to the unsaturated
flaring regime to be 2.4±0.3Gyr. This is consistent with the ages
that we assign from Galactic kinematics: we find that stars with
rotation period Prot <10days have an age of 2.0±1.2Gyr, stars with
10days<Prot≲90days have an age of 5.6±2.7Gyr, and stars with
Prot>90days have an age of 12.9±3.5Gyr. We find that the average
age of stars with Prot<10 days increases with decreasing stellar mass
from 0.6±0.3Gyr (0.2-0.3M☉) to 2.3±1.3Gyr (0.1-0.2
M☉).
Description:
We used the Tillinghast Reflector Echelle Spectrograph (TRES) located
on the 1.5m Tillinghast Reflector telescope at the Fred Lawrence
Whipple Observatory (FLWO) on Mount Hopkins, Arizona, to obtain three
or more high-resolution spectra for each target in the all-sky sample
that had a decl. greater than -15deg. We obtained spectra from 2016
September to 2021 January. TRES covers the wavelength range
3900-9100AA and has a resolution R∼44000.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table1.dat 323 219 Stellar Properties, Equivalent Widths, Flare Rates,
Radial Velocities, and Space Velocities
table3.dat 86 1392 Catalog of Stellar Flares in the Northern Ecliptic
Sample
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See also:
I/345 : Gaia DR2 (Gaia Collaboration, 2018)
J/AJ/124/1144 : Orbits of 171 single-lined spectro binaries (Latham, 2002)
J/A+A/410/527 : Abundances in the Galactic disk (Bensby+, 2003)
J/A+A/397/147 : Activity-rotation relationship in stars (Pizzolato+ 2003)
J/AJ/128/426 : Subdwarfs in the SDSS (West+, 2004)
J/AJ/133/2258 : Activity and kinematics of ultracool dwarfs (Schmidt+, 2007)
J/ApJ/687/1264 : Age estimation for solar-type dwarfs (Mamajek+, 2008)
J/AJ/137/1 : Proper motions & astrometry late-type dwarf (Faherty+, 2009)
J/ApJ/705/1416 : Volume-limited sample M7-M9.5 dwarfs <20pc (Reiners+, 2009)
J/ApJ/720/1118 : i-band photometry of HAT-P-16 (Buchhave+, 2010)
J/MNRAS/407/2269 : Polarisation of a sample of late M dwarfs (Morin+, 2010)
J/ApJ/733/115 : Rotation periods and membership in M34 (Meibom+, 2011)
J/ApJ/743/48 : Stars with Prot and X-ray luminosities (Wright+, 2011)
J/ApJ/795/161 : Activity & rotation in Praesepe &the Hyades (Douglas+, 2014)
J/MNRAS/454/593 : Young moving groups in solar neighbourhood (Bell+, 2015)
J/ApJ/812/3 : MEarth midtolate Mdwarfs rotation & kinematics (West+, 2015)
J/AJ/152/141 : Solar neighborhood. XXXVII. RVs M dwarfs (Benedict+, 2016)
J/ApJ/829/23 : Stellar flares from Q0-Q17 Kepler LCs (Davenport, 2016)
J/ApJ/821/93 : Rotation & Galactic kinematics mid M dwarfs (Newton+, 2016)
J/AJ/154/151 : Solar neighborhood .XXXX. New young stars (Bartlett+, 2017)
J/ApJ/834/85 : Hα emission in nearby M dwarfs (Newton+, 2017)
J/ApJ/862/33 : Improved & expanded membership cat NGC752 (Agueros+, 2018)
J/A+A/618/A142 : Radial velocity for GJ 1132 (Bonfils+, 2018)
J/ApJ/856/23 : BANYAN. XI. The BANYAN Σ algorithm (Gagne+, 2018)
J/AJ/156/217 : Stellar properties M dwarfs in MEarth-South (Newton+, 2018)
J/A+A/612/A49 : 324 CARMENES M dwarfs velocities (Reiners+, 2018)
J/A+A/621/A126 : CARMENES input catalogue M dwarfs. IV. (Diez Alonso+ 2019)
J/A+A/622/A133 : M45, M44 and M67 flare stars (Ilin+, 2019)
J/AJ/157/231 : MLSDSS-GaiaDR2 sample of M and L dwarfs (Kiman+, 2019)
J/other/Sci/365.1441 : GJ3512 radial velocity and light curves (Morales+, 2019)
J/MNRAS/499/3481 : Metallicity and rotation in the Kepler field (Amard+, 2020)
J/AJ/159/60 : 8695 flares 1228 stars TESS sectors 1 & 2 (Gunther+, 2020)
J/ApJ/905/107 : Spectroscopic activity indicators TIC stars (Medina+, 2020)
J/AJ/159/290 : RVs of 12 spectroscopic binaries M-dwarfs (Winters+, 2020)
J/A+A/645/A42 : Flares in 5 open clusters (Ilin+, 2021)
J/AJ/161/189 : Gyro-kinematic ages for ∼30000 Kepler stars (Lu+, 2021)
J/AJ/162/176 : The solar neighborhood. XLVIII. (Paredes+, 2021)
J/A+A/662/A41 : Magnetic fields in 292 M dwarfs. (Reiners+, 2022)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 24 A24 --- ID Star identifier
26- 34 I9 --- TIC TESS Input Catalog identifier
36- 37 I2 h RAh [0/23] Hour of Right Ascension (J2000)
39- 40 I2 min RAm Minute of Right Ascension (J2000)
42- 46 F5.2 s RAs Second of Right Ascension (J2000)
48 A1 --- DE- [±] Sign of the Declination (J2000)
49- 50 I2 deg DEd Degree of Declination (J2000)
52- 53 I2 arcmin DEm Arcminute of Declination (J2000)
55- 58 F4.1 arcsec DEs Arcsecond of Declination (J2000)
60- 64 F5.3 solMass Mass [0.1/0.306] Stellar mass
66- 70 F5.3 solMass e_Mass [0.014/0.024] Uncertainty in M
72- 77 F6.3 pc Dist [1.3/14.99] Distance
79- 85 F7.3 mas plx [0.12/180.11]? Parallax
87- 94 F8.6 mas e_plx [0.001078/0.041294]? Uncertainty in plx
96-103 F8.6 d Prot [1.8e-05/0.0067]? Photometric rotation period
105 I1 --- r_Prot [1/9]? Reference for Prot (1)
106-107 A2 --- --- [.0]
109-114 F6.4 mag Amp [0.0008/1.5712]? Semi-amplitude of variability
116-120 F5.2 mag e_Amp [7.49/13.52] Uncertainty in Amp
122-128 F7.3 --- Ross [-11.447/0.31] Rossby number
130-134 F5.3 mag Tmag [0.018/1.369] TESS apparent magnitude
136-141 F6.3 0.1nm EWHa [-0.08/0.62] Hα equivalent width
143-147 F5.3 0.1nm e_EWHa [0.002/0.649] Uncertainty in EWHa
149-154 F6.3 0.1nm EWCa2 [-0.723/2.149] Ca II 8542.09A equivalent width
156-160 F5.3 0.1nm e_EWCa2 [0.01/0.869] Uncertainty in EWCa2
162-167 F6.2 0.1nm EWHe [-15.35/0.44] He I D3 equivalent width
169-172 F4.2 0.1nm e_EWHe [0.0/1.39] Uncertainty in EWHe
174-180 F7.3 [d-1] Rate [47.292/768.5] log rate of flares/day
182-186 F5.3 [d-1] e_Rate [0.032/0.584] Uncertainty in Rate (2)
188-197 F10.4 mas/yr pmRA [-3781.306/1997.706] Proper motion along RA
199-204 F6.4 mas/yr e_pmRA [0.031/1.697] Uncertainty in pmRA
206-214 F9.3 mas/yr pmDE [-5096.181/1610.336] Proper motion along DE
216-220 F5.3 mas/yr e_pmDE [0.035/0.89] Uncertainty in pmDE
222-229 F8.3 km/s RVel [-111.508/155.852]? Radial velocity
231-235 F5.3 km/s e_RVel [0.5/2.39]? Uncertainty in RVel
237-243 F7.3 km/s U [-92.316/172.636] The Ulsr space motion
245-250 F6.3 km/s e_U [0.007/45.983] Uncertainty in U
252-259 F8.3 km/s V [-144.271/990.61] The Vlsr space motion
261-267 F7.3 km/s e_V [0.02/980.608] Uncertainty in V
269-276 F8.3 km/s W [-194.228/56.966] The Wlsr space motion
278-284 F7.3 km/s e_W [0.012/190.456] Uncertainty in W
286-292 F7.3 km/s VTot [0.543/992.375] Total space velocity
294-300 F7.3 km/s e_VTot [0.5/999.99] Uncertainty in VTot
302-323 F22.5 --- Prob [0.00153/31642646492016712]? Thin disk
membership probability
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Note (1): References as follows:
1 = Newton+, 2016, J/ApJ/821/93
2 = Newton+, 2018, J/AJ/156/217
3 = Suarez+, 2018A&A...612A..89S 2018A&A...612A..89S
4 = Vanderspek+, 2019ApJ...871L..24V 2019ApJ...871L..24V
5 = Medina+, 2020, J/ApJ/905/107
6 = Diez Alonso+ 2019, J/A+A/621/A126
7 = 2Morales+, 2019, J/other/Sci/365.1441
8 = This work using TESS photometry
9 = This work using MEarth Photometry
Note (2): An uncertaintly of zero indicates that Rate is an upper limit.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table3.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 23 A23 --- ID Star identifier
25- 33 I9 --- TIC [3127674/471012790] TESS Input Catalog identifier
35- 39 F5.2 mag Tmag [7.49/13.34] TESS apparent magnitude
41- 52 F12.4 d BJD [2458325/2458682] Barycentric Julian Date of flux
peak
54- 61 F8.2 ct/s Amp [18.17/58390.07] Flare amplitude
63- 69 F7.1 s Dur [360.0/20280.0] Flare duration
71- 77 F7.2 s ED [0.36/3772.57] Equivalent duration
79- 86 E8.2 10-7J E [2.97e+29/6.24e+33] Flare energy in TESS bandpass
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Coralie Fix [CDS], 07-Jun-2024