J/ApJ/937/68 Superwinds. III. Non-equilibrium Photoionization (Danehkar+, 2022)
Catastrophic Cooling in Superwinds. III. Nonequilibrium Photoionization.
Danehkar A., Oey M.S., Gray W.J.
<Astrophys. J., 937, 68 (2022)>
=2022ApJ...937...68D 2022ApJ...937...68D (SIMBAD/NED BibCode)
ADC_Keywords: Galaxies ; H II regions ; Abundances
Keywords: Galactic winds - Superbubbles - Superclusters - Star forming regions -
Cooling flows - H II regions - Starburst galaxies -
Emission line galaxies - Lyman-break galaxies - Lyman-alpha galaxies
Abstract:
Observations of some starburst-driven galactic superwinds suggest that
strong radiative cooling could play a key role in the nature of
feedback and the formation of stars and molecular gas in star-forming
galaxies. These catastrophically cooling superwinds are not adequately
described by adiabatic fluid models, but they can be reproduced by
incorporating non-equilibrium radiative cooling functions into the
fluid model. In this work, we have employed the atomic and cooling
module MAIHEM implemented in the framework of the FLASH hydrodynamics
code to simulate the formation of radiatively cooling superwinds as
well as their corresponding non-equilibrium ionization (NEI) states
for various outflow parameters, gas metallicities, and ambient
densities. We employ the photoionization program CLOUDY to predict
radiation- and density-bounded photoionization for these radiatively
cooling superwinds, and we predict UV and optical line emission. Our
non-equilibrium photoionization models built with the NEI states
demonstrate the enhancement of CIV, especially in metal-rich,
catastrophically cooling outflows, and OVI in metal-poor ones.
Description:
Table 1 presents integrated luminosities produced by non-equilibrium
photoionization models.
Each file is named as [case]_[bound].dat e.g.
npi_radi.dat, where [case] is for the ionization case, NPI:
non-equilibrium photoionization (NEI+PIE), and [bound] for the optical
depth model, radi: fully radiation-bounded, pden: partially
density-bounded, and dens: fully density-bounded.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
npi_radi.dat 1290 129 Fully radiation-bounded NEI+PIE (table 1)
npi_pden.dat 1290 129 Partially density-bounded NEI+PIE (table 1)
npi_dens.dat 1290 129 Fully density-bounded NEI+PIE (table 1)
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: npi_dens.dat npi_pden.dat npi_radi.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 6 F6.4 [Sun] metal Metallicity
(0.1250, 0.2500, 0.5000 or 1.0000)
8- 16 F9.7 Msun/yr dM/dt Mass-loss rate
18- 23 F6.1 km/s Vinf Wind terminal speed
25- 27 F3.1 pc Rsc [1] Cluster radius
29- 36 E8.3 yr age [1.00e+06] Cluster current age
38- 45 E8.3 Msun Mstar [2.05e+06] Cluster total stellar mass
47- 51 F5.2 [10-7W] logLion Logarithmic ionizing luminosity (in erg/s)
53- 58 F6.1 cm-3 Namb Ambient density
60- 66 F7.1 K Tamb Mean ambient temperature from Cloudy
68- 73 F6.1 pc Rmax Maximum radius
75- 80 F6.1 pc Raper Aperture radius
82- 86 F5.1 pc Rshell Shell outer radius
88- 93 F6.1 pc Rstr Stromgren radius determined by Cloudy
95- 99 F5.1 pc Rbin Bubble inner radius
101- 105 F5.1 pc Rbout Bubble outer radius/shell inner radius
107- 114 E8.3 K Tbubble Median bubble temperature
116- 123 E8.3 K Tadi Median temperature of adiabatic wind
125- 132 E8.3 K Twind Median temperature of radiative wind
134- 138 F5.2 [-] logUsp Ionization parameter log(Usp) from Cloudy
140 I1 --- thin [0/1] Optically thin; 1 or
optically thick; 0
142 I1 --- mode [1/6] Wind mode (1)
144- 156 E13.8 10-7W H1-1216 Luminosity of Ly-alpha 1216 (in erg/s)
158- 170 E13.8 10-7W H1-6563 Luminosity of H-alpha 6563 (in erg/s)
172- 184 E13.8 10-7W H1-4861 Luminosity of H-beta 48611 (in erg/s)
186- 198 E13.8 10-7W He1-5876 Luminosity of He I 5876 (in erg/s)
200- 212 E13.8 10-7W He1-6678 Luminosity of He I 6678 (in erg/s)
214- 226 E13.8 10-7W He1-7065 Luminosity of He I 7065 (in erg/s)
228- 240 E13.8 10-7W He2-1640 Luminosity of He II 1640 (in erg/s)
242- 254 E13.8 10-7W He2-4686 Luminosity of He II 4686 (in erg/s)
256- 268 E13.8 10-7W C2-1335 Luminosity of C II 1335 (in erg/s)
270- 282 E13.8 10-7W C2-2326-b Luminosity of C II 2326 blended (in erg/s)
284- 296 E13.8 10-7W C3-977 Luminosity of C III 977 (in erg/s)
298- 310 E13.8 10-7W C3-1909-b Luminosity of C III] 1909 blended
(in erg/s)
312- 324 E13.8 10-7W C3-1907 Luminosity of C III] 1907 (in erg/s)
326- 338 E13.8 10-7W C3-1908 Luminosity of C III] 1908 (in erg/s)
340- 352 E13.8 10-7W C3-1549 Luminosity of C III 1549 (in erg/s)
354- 366 E13.8 10-7W C4-1549-b Luminosity of C IV 1549 blended (in erg/s)
368- 380 E13.8 10-7W C4-1548 Luminosity of C IV 1548 (in erg/s)
382- 394 E13.8 10-7W C4-1551 Luminosity of C IV 1551 (in erg/s)
396- 408 E13.8 10-7W N1-5200 Luminosity of [N I] 5200 (in erg/s)
410- 422 E13.8 10-7W N2-5755 Luminosity of [N II] 5755 (in erg/s)
424- 436 E13.8 10-7W N2-6548 Luminosity of [N II] 6548 (in erg/s)
438- 450 E13.8 10-7W N2-6583 Luminosity of [N II] 6583 (in erg/s)
452- 464 E13.8 10-7W N3-1750 Luminosity of N III 1750 (in erg/s)
466- 478 E13.8 10-7W N3-1750-b Luminosity of N III 1750 blended
(in erg/s)
480- 492 E13.8 10-7W N3-991 Luminosity of N III 991 (in erg/s)
494- 506 E13.8 10-7W N4-1483 Luminosity of N IV 1483 (in erg/s)
508- 520 E13.8 10-7W N4-1487 Luminosity of N IV 1487 (in erg/s)
522- 534 E13.8 10-7W N4-1486-b Luminosity of N IV 1486 blended (in erg/s)
536- 548 E13.8 10-7W N5-1239 Luminosity of N V 1239 (in erg/s)
550- 562 E13.8 10-7W N5-1243 Luminosity of N V 1243 (in erg/s)
564- 576 E13.8 10-7W N5-1240-b Luminosity of N V 1240 blended (in erg/s)
578- 590 E13.8 10-7W O1-1304-b Luminosity of O I 1304 blended (in erg/s)
592- 604 E13.8 10-7W O1-6300 Luminosity of [O I] 6300 (in erg/s)
606- 618 E13.8 10-7W O1-6364 Luminosity of [O I] 6364 (in erg/s)
620- 632 E13.8 10-7W O2-3726 Luminosity of [O II] 3726 (in erg/s)
634- 646 E13.8 10-7W O2-3729 Luminosity of [O II] 3729 (in erg/s)
648- 660 E13.8 10-7W O2-7319 Luminosity of [O II] 7319 (in erg/s)
662- 674 E13.8 10-7W O2-7320 Luminosity of [O II] 7320 (in erg/s)
676- 688 E13.8 10-7W O2-7323-b Luminosity of [O II] 7323 blended
(in erg/s)
690- 702 E13.8 10-7W O2-7330 Luminosity of [O II] 7330 (in erg/s)
704- 716 E13.8 10-7W O2-7331 Luminosity of [O II] 7331 (in erg/s)
718- 730 E13.8 10-7W O2-7332-b Luminosity of [O II] 7332 blended
(in erg/s)
732- 744 E13.8 10-7W O3-1661 Luminosity of O III] 1661 (in erg/s)
746- 758 E13.8 10-7W O3-1666 Luminosity of O III] 1666 (in erg/s)
760- 772 E13.8 10-7W O3-2321 Luminosity of [O III] 2321 (in erg/s)
774- 786 E13.8 10-7W O3-4363 Luminosity of [O III] 4363 (in erg/s)
788- 800 E13.8 10-7W O3-4959 Luminosity of [O III] 4959 (in erg/s)
802- 814 E13.8 10-7W O3-5007 Luminosity of [O III] 5007 (in erg/s)
816- 828 E13.8 10-7W O4-1402-b Luminosity of O IV 1402 blended (in erg/s)
830- 842 E13.8 10-7W O6-1035-b Luminosity of O VI 1035 blended (in erg/s)
844- 856 E13.8 10-7W O6-1032 Luminosity of O VI 1032 (in erg/s)
858- 870 E13.8 10-7W O6-1038 Luminosity of O VI 1038 (in erg/s)
872- 884 E13.8 10-7W Ne3-1815 Luminosity of Ne III 1815 (in erg/s)
886- 898 E13.8 10-7W Ne3-3342 Luminosity of [Ne III] 3342 (in erg/s)
900- 912 E13.8 10-7W Ne3-3869 Luminosity of [Ne III] 3869 (in erg/s)
914- 926 E13.8 10-7W Ne3-3967 Luminosity of [Ne III] 3967 (in erg/s)
928- 940 E13.8 10-7W Ne4-2424-b Luminosity of Ne IV 2424 blended
(in erg/s)
942- 954 E13.8 10-7W Ne5-3426 Luminosity of Ne V 3426 (in erg/s)
956- 968 E13.8 10-7W Si2-1190 Luminosity of Si II 1190 (in erg/s)
970- 982 E13.8 10-7W Si2-1193 Luminosity of Si II 1193 (in erg/s)
984- 996 E13.8 10-7W Si2-1265 Luminosity of Si II 1265 (in erg/s)
998-1010 E13.8 10-7W Si2-1304 Luminosity of Si II 1304 (in erg/s)
1012-1024 E13.8 10-7W Si2-1309 Luminosity of Si II 1309 (in erg/s)
1026-1038 E13.8 10-7W Si2-1533 Luminosity of Si II 1533 (in erg/s)
1040-1052 E13.8 10-7W Si2-1817 Luminosity of Si II 1817 (in erg/s)
1054-1066 E13.8 10-7W Si3-1207 Luminosity of Si III 1207 (in erg/s)
1068-1080 E13.8 10-7W Si3-1883 Luminosity of Si III 1883 (in erg/s)
1082-1094 E13.8 10-7W Si3-1892 Luminosity of Si III 1892 (in erg/s)
1096-1108 E13.8 10-7W Si3-1888-b Luminosity of Si III 1888 blended
(in erg/s)
1110-1122 E13.8 10-7W Si4-1394 Luminosity of Si IV 1394 (in erg/s)
1124-1136 E13.8 10-7W Si4-1403 Luminosity of Si IV 1403 (in erg/s)
1138-1150 E13.8 10-7W S2-4069 Luminosity of [S II] 4069 (in erg/s)
1152-1164 E13.8 10-7W S2-4076 Luminosity of [S II] 4076 (in erg/s)
1166-1178 E13.8 10-7W S2-6716 Luminosity of [S II] 6716 (in erg/s)
1180-1192 E13.8 10-7W S2-6731 Luminosity of [S II] 6731 (in erg/s)
1194-1206 E13.8 10-7W S3-9069 Luminosity of [S III] 9069 (in erg/s)
1208-1220 E13.8 10-7W S3-9531 Luminosity of [S III] 9531 (in erg/s)
1222-1234 E13.8 10-7W Ar3-7136 Luminosity of [Ar III] 7136 (in erg/s)
1236-1248 E13.8 10-7W Ar3-7751 Luminosity of [Ar III] 7751 (in erg/s)
1250-1262 E13.8 10-7W Ar4-4711 Luminosity of [Ar IV] 4711 (in erg/s)
1264-1276 E13.8 10-7W Ar4-4740 Luminosity of [Ar IV] 4740 (in erg/s)
1278-1290 E13.8 10-7W Ar5-7006 Luminosity of [Ar V] 7006 (in erg/s)
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Note (1): Wind mode as follows:
1 = AW: adiabatic wind
2 = AB: adiabatic bubble
3 = AP: adiabatic, pressure-confined
4 = CC: catastrophic cooling
5 = CB: catastrophic cooling bubble
6 = CP: catastrophic cooling, pressure-confined
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
Acknowledgements:
Ashkbiz Danehkar, ashkbiz.danehkar(at)gmail.com
(End) Ashkbiz Danehkar [Michigan, USA], Patricia Vannier [CDS] 24-Oct-2022