J/ApJ/938/81 PHATTER. IV. Star cluster catalog (Johnson+, 2022)
The Panchromatic Hubble Andromeda Treasury: Triangulum Extended Region
(PHATTER).
IV. Star cluster catalog.
Johnson L.C., Wainer T.M., TorresVillanueva E.E., Seth A.C.,
Williams B.F., Durbin M.J., Dalcanton J.J., Weisz D.R., Bell E.F.,
Guhathakurta P., Skillman E., Smercina A., The PHATTER Collaboration.
<Astrophys. J., 938, 81 (2022)>
=2022ApJ...938...81J 2022ApJ...938...81J
ADC_Keywords: Clusters, open; Galaxies, nearby; Photometry, HST; Ultraviolet;
Optical; Infrared; Cross identifications; Extinction
Keywords: Star clusters ; Triangulum Galaxy ; Catalogs
Abstract:
We construct a catalog of star clusters from Hubble Space Telescope
images of the inner disk of the Triangulum Galaxy (M33) using image
classifications collected by the Local Group Cluster Search (LGCS), a
citizen science project hosted on the Zooniverse platform. We identify
1214 star clusters within the Hubble Space Telescope imaging footprint
of the Panchromatic Hubble Andromeda Treasury: Triangulum Extended
Region (PHATTER) survey. Comparing this catalog to existing
compilations in the literature, 68% of the clusters are newly
identified. The final catalog includes multiband aperture photometry
and fits for cluster properties via integrated light spectral energy
distribution fitting. The cluster catalog's 50% completeness limit is
∼1500M☉ at an age of 100Myr, as derived from comprehensive
synthetic cluster tests.
Description:
The HST images analyzed by the Local Group Cluster Search (LGCS)
Zooniverse project were obtained as part of the Panchromatic Hubble
Andromeda Treasury: Triangulum Extended Region (PHATTER) survey. Full
details of the survey are presented in Williams+ (2021, J/ApJS/253/53).
The PHATTER survey uses the same imaging strategy as the PHAT survey,
where parallel observations are efficiently obtained with the Advanced
Camera for Surveys (ACS) and Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3); providing
images in six filters: F475W and F814W in the optical obtained with
ACS/WFC; F275W and F336W in the near-UV obtained with WFC3/UVIS; and
F110W and F160W in the near-IR (NIR) obtained with WFC3/IR.
Throughout this work, we assume a distance to M33 of 859kpc (distance
modulus = 24.67) where 1" is equivalent to ∼4.2pc.
Objects:
---------------------------------------------------------
RA (ICRS) DE Designation(s)
---------------------------------------------------------
01 33 50.89 +30 39 36.6 M33 = NAME Triangulum Galaxy
00 42 44.33 +41 16 07.5 M31 = NAME Andromeda Galaxy
---------------------------------------------------------
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table1.dat 162 1214 PHATTER M33 cluster catalog
table3.dat 53 729 *SLUG results
table4.dat 81 632 Literature cross-matching results
table5.dat 162 3566 *Ancillary catalog
table6.dat 117 1696 Synthetic cluster results
table7.dat 79 203 Background galaxy catalog
table8.dat 66 95 *Emission region catalog
table9.dat 101 988 SLUG results for PHAT M31 clusters; see Appendix B
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Note on table3.dat: We use the public source code Stochastically Lighting Up
Galaxies (SLUG; Krumholz+ 2015MNRAS.452.1447K 2015MNRAS.452.1447K) to build a set of 107
model star clusters that we use to estimate the M33 cluster properties
in Section 6.1. We derive cluster properties using SLUG for 729
objects with detections in at least one of the filter combinations.
See Section 6.3.
Note on table5.dat: The ancillary contains 3566 candidate identifications with
fcluster,W<0.674 and fview≥0.1. These objects fall below the
catalog threshold adopted for the primary PHATTER cluster sample
presented in Table 1, however we publish these results to enable
investigators to make their own decisions regarding completeness
versus contamination, depending on their science case.
Note on table8.dat: We identify a sample of emission regions using a selection
criteria of femission≥0.25. The adopted femission detection
threshold was chosen via visual inspection and ensures good sample
purity. We urge caution when interpreting this sample due to the fact
that cluster identification, not emission region identification, was
the primary goal of the LGCS search. As a result, we do not expect
this sample to be systematically complete, and instead recommend that
these objects be considered opportunistic identifications.
See Appendix A.
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See also:
J/AcA/48/455 : Globular Clusters in M31 and M33 (Mochejska+, 1998)
J/ApJS/122/431 : Star Clusters in M33 (Chandar+, 1999)
J/A+AS/141/371 : Low-mass stars evolutionary tracks (Girardi+, 2000)
J/A+A/366/498 : VI photometry of M33 star clusters (Chandar+, 2001)
J/ApJ/614/167 : Planetary nebulae in M33 (Ciardullo+, 2004)
J/A+A/444/831 : New star clusters in M33 (Bedin+, 2005)
J/AJ/131/2478 : M31 and M33 UBVRI photometry (Massey+, 2006)
J/AJ/134/2168 : BVI photometry of M33 star clusters (Park+, 2007)
J/AJ/134/447 : Star cluster candidates in M 33 (Sarajedini+, 2007)
J/AJ/136/2782 : Star formation efficiency in nearby galaxies (Leroy+, 2008)
J/ApJ/699/839 : Identified star clusters in M33. II. (San Roman+, 2009)
J/ApJ/720/1674 : CFHT M33 extended sources catalog (San Roman+, 2010)
J/A+A/534/A96 : Spitzer photometry of YSC in M33 (Sharma+, 2011)
J/ApJS/193/31 : M33 Chandra ACIS survey: final catalog (Tullmann+, 2011)
J/ApJ/752/95 : PHAT stellar cluster survey. I. Year 1 (Johnson+, 2012)
J/MNRAS/435/2835 : Morphological types from Galaxy Zoo 2 (Willett+, 2013)
J/ApJS/211/22 : Updated photometry for star clusters in M33 (Fan+, 2014)
J/ApJ/792/121 : Phot. survey of planetary nebulae in M31 (Veyette+, 2014)
J/ApJ/802/127 : PHAT stellar cluster survey. II. AP catalog (Johnson+, 2015)
J/ApJ/812/147 : Slug analysis of star cl. in NGC628 & 7793 (Krumholz+, 2015)
J/ApJS/218/9 : Deep XMM-Newton survey of M33 (Williams+, 2015)
J/ApJ/827/33 : PHAT. XVI. Star cluster masses and ages (Johnson+, 2016)
J/A+A/601/A146 : M33 MoCl and young stellar clusters (Corbelli+, 2017)
J/AJ/154/199 : Survey of the MAgellanic Stellar History (Nidever+, 2017)
J/MNRAS/488/1141 : MW Project DR2 bubbles & bow shocks (Jayasinghe+, 2019)
J/ApJS/253/53 : PHATTER. I. HST obs. of stars in M33 (Williams+, 2021)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table[15].dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 5 I5 --- ID [1/5055] PHATTER Catalog ID
(Table 1: nos among 1 to 2137;
Table 5: nos among 24 to 5055)
7- 15 F9.6 deg RAdeg [23.3/23.7] Right Ascension (J2000)
17- 25 F9.6 deg DEdeg [30.47/30.9] Declination (J2000)
27- 31 F5.2 arcsec Rap [0.5/14.4] Aperture Radius (1)
33- 37 F5.2 arcsec Reff [0.03/6.6]? Effective Radius
39- 44 F6.4 --- fview [0.1/1] All Class Click Fraction
(fview=fcl+fgal+fem)
46- 51 F6.4 --- fcl [0/1] Cluster Click Fraction
53- 58 F6.4 --- fgal [0/0.9] Galaxy Click Fraction
60- 65 F6.4 --- fem [0/0.8] Emission Region Click Fraction
67- 72 F6.4 --- fclW [0/1] Weighted Cluster Click Fraction,
fcluster,W (see Section 3.1.1;
Table1: fclw>0.674; Table5: fclw<0.674)
74- 78 A5 --- Flags Flags ("Assoc": 8 occurrences in Table 1;
88 occurrences in Table 5)
80- 84 F5.2 mag mApCor [-0.82/0]? Aperture Correction (2)
86 A1 --- l_F275Wmag F275W Upper Limit Flag
87- 91 F5.2 mag F275Wmag [11.4/25.5]? HST WFC3/UVIS F275W magnitude
93- 97 F5.2 mag e_F275Wmag [0/0.4]? F275W Error
99 A1 --- l_F336Wmag F336W Upper Limit Flag
100-104 F5.2 mag F336Wmag [11.6/25.6]? HST WFC3/UVIS F336W magnitude
106-110 F5.2 mag e_F336Wmag [0/0.4]? F336W Error
112 A1 --- l_F475Wmag F475W Upper Limit Flag
113-117 F5.2 mag F475Wmag [12.6/25.3]? HST ACS/WFC F475W magnitude
119-123 F5.2 mag e_F475Wmag [0/0.4]? F475W Error
125 A1 --- l_F814Wmag F814W Upper Limit Flag
126-130 F5.2 mag F814Wmag [12.6/24.4]? HST ACS/WFC F814W magnitude
132-136 F5.2 mag e_F814Wmag [0/0.4]? F814W Error
138 A1 --- l_F110Wmag F110W Upper Limit Flag
139-143 F5.2 mag F110Wmag [12/23.2]? HST WFC3/IR F110W magnitude
145-149 F5.2 mag e_F110Wmag [0/0.4]? F110W Error
151 A1 --- l_F160Wmag F160W Upper Limit Flag
152-156 F5.2 mag F160Wmag [11.3/22.6]? HST WFC3/IR F160W magnitude
158-162 F5.2 mag e_F160Wmag [0/0.4]? F160W Error
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Note (1): Note that the Rap parameter gives the median of the user-clicked
radii, which we use as the aperture for the photometry measurements
(see Section 4.1).
Note (2): Aperture Corrections are provided such that mTotal=mAperture+ApCor.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table3.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 4 I4 --- ID [3/1969] PHATTER Catalog ID
6 A1 --- Cut Error cut flag (G1)
8 I1 --- Nf [3/6] Number of filters used for fit
10- 13 F4.2 [Msun] logMP16 [2.09/4.53] The 16th percentile of log Mass
PDF (G2)
15- 18 F4.2 [Msun] logMP50 [2.14/4.76] The 50th percentile of log Mass
PDF (G2)
20- 23 F4.2 [Msun] logMP84 [2.21/4.92] The 84th percentile of log Mass
PDF (G2)
25- 28 F4.2 [yr] logAgeP16 [6.03/8.65] The 16th percentile of log Age
PDF (G2)
30- 33 F4.2 [yr] logAgeP50 [6.08/8.91] The 50th percentile of log Age
PDF (G2)
35- 38 F4.2 [yr] logAgeP84 [6.17/9.36] The 84th percentile of log Age
PDF (G2)
40- 43 F4.2 mag AvP16 [0.04/1.48] The 16th percentile of AV PDF
(G2)
45- 48 F4.2 mag AvP50 [0.15/2.5] The 50th percentile of AV
PDF (G2)
50- 53 F4.2 mag AvP84 [0.2/4.2] The 84th percentile of AV
PDF (G2)
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table4.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 4 I4 --- ID [1/5055] PHATTER Cluster ID
6- 8 I3 --- [SM2007] [62/427]? Sarajedini & Mancone 2007 ID
10- 17 A8 --- Cl-SM07 ? Sarajedini & Mancone 2007, J/AJ/134/447
object Class (1)
19- 22 I4 --- [SSA2010] [1111/2218]? San Roman+ 2010, J/ApJ/720/1674
identifier
24- 25 I2 --- Cl-SR10 [-1/3]? San Roman et al. 2010 Object Class (2)
27- 29 I3 --- [SSG2009] [32/158]? San Roman+ 2009, J/ApJ/699/839 ID
31- 33 I3 --- ID-S11 [69/780]? Sharma+ 2011, J/A+A/534/A96 ID
(<[VHC2007b] IR NNN> in Simbad)
35- 37 I3 --- [CBB2017] [69/812]? Corbelli+ 2017, J/A+A/601/A146 ID
(<[VHC2007b] IR NNN> in Simbad for Nos>566)
39- 40 A2 --- Cl-C17 ? Corbelli+ 2017, J/A+A/601/A146 (C17) object
Class (3)
42- 81 A40 --- AltName ? Alternate Names and References (4)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): The Sarajedini & Mancone 2007, J/AJ/134/447 classes as follows:
Cluster = 155 occurrences
Stellar = 12 occurrences
Galaxy = 2 occurrences
Unknown = 64 occurrences
Note (2): The San Roman+ 2010, J/ApJ/720/1674 classes as follows:
-1 = galaxy (52 occurrences)
0 = unknown extended object (97 occurrences)
1 = candidate cluster (99 occurrences)
2 = highly probable cluster (99 occurrences)
3 = confirmed cluster (129 occurrences)
Note (3): The Corbelli+ 2017, J/A+A/601/A146 classes as follows:
b = associated with clouds, no optical counterpart (2 occurrences)
c1 = associated with clouds: coincident Hα and mid-infrared peaks
(8 occurrences)
c2 = associated with clouds: coincident Hα, mid-infrared and UV peaks
(46 occurrences)
c3 = not associated with clouds but optically detected (13 occurrences)
d = ambiguous (1 occurrence)
e = not associated with clouds, mostly mid-infrared peaks only
(7 occurrences)
Note (4): Reference Abbreviations or Alternate Names from
Sarajedini & Mancone (2007, J/AJ/134/447):
Hilt = Hiltner (1960ApJ...131..163H 1960ApJ...131..163H); <[H60] a> in Simbad
MD = Melnick and D'Odorico (1978A&AS...34..249M 1978A&AS...34..249M); <[MD78] NN> in Simbad
CS = Christian and Schommer (1982ApJS...49..405C 1982ApJS...49..405C, 1988AJ.....95..704C 1988AJ.....95..704C);
<[CS82] ANNa>, <[CS82] N> in Simbad
MKKSS = Mochejska et al. (1998, Cat. J/AcA/48/455);
<[MKK98] M 33 NN> in Simbad
CBF = Chandar et al., (1999, Cat. J/ApJS/122/431 ; 2001, Cat. J/A+A/366/498)
in Simbad
BEA = Bedin et al. (2005, Cat. J/A+A/444/831); <[BPB2005] NNN> in Simbad
SBGHS = Sarajedini et al. (2007AJ....133..290S 2007AJ....133..290S); <[SBG2007] NN> in Simbad
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table6.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 5 I5 --- SYNID [1/1728] Synthetic Cluster ID (1)
7- 15 F9.6 deg RAdeg [23.34/23.7] Right Ascension (J2000)
17- 25 F9.6 deg DEdeg [30.49/30.9] Declination (J2000)
27- 31 F5.2 [Msun] logMass [2/5] Logarithm of Input Mass
33- 37 F5.2 [yr] logAge [6.6/10.1] Logarithm of Input Age
39- 44 F6.4 --- Z [0.0002/0.0152] Input Metallicity
46- 50 F5.2 mag Av [0.1/3] Input V-band Extinction
52- 56 F5.2 pc Reffin [0.67/9.64] Input Effective Radius
58- 62 F5.2 mag F475Win [18.5/22.5] Input F475W
64- 68 F5.2 mag F814Win [14.82/22.37] Input F814W
70- 75 F6.4 --- fview [0.0/1.0] All Class Click Fraction
77- 82 F6.4 --- fcl [0.0/0.9833] Cluster Click Fraction
84- 89 F6.4 --- fgal [0.0/0.4333] Galaxy Click Fraction
91- 96 F6.4 --- fem [0.0/0.7333] Emission Region Click Fraction
98- 103 F6.4 --- fclW [0/1] Weighted Cluster Click Fraction;
fcluster,W
105- 109 I5 --- NMS [158/6011] Local Main Sequence Star Count
111- 115 I5 --- NRGB [103/2873] Local Red Giant Branch Star Count
117 A1 --- Det Detection Flag (2)
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Note (1): Synthetic clusters 1-848 are the first batch of randomly
distributed tests, and clusters 849-1696 are the second batch of
tests spatially distributed to place young clusters in regions with
higher NMS.
Note (2): The boolean "Det" column reflects whether the synthetic cluster
is selected by the final cluster catalog selection criteria:
fcluster,W>0.674.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table[78].dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 5 I5 --- ID [24/2681] PHATTER Catalog ID
(nos among 24-2681 for Table 7;
nos among 54-2162 for Table 8)
7- 15 F9.6 deg RAdeg [23.3/23.7] Right Ascension (J2000)
17- 25 F9.6 deg DEdeg [30.47/30.9] Declination (J2000)
27- 31 F5.2 arcsec Rap [0.78/14.4] Aperture Radius
33- 38 F6.4 --- fview [0.2/1] All Class Click Fraction
40- 45 F6.4 --- fcl [0/0.7] Cluster Click Fraction
47- 52 F6.4 --- fgal [0/0.9] Galaxy Click Fraction
54- 59 F6.4 --- fem [0/0.8] Emission Region Click Fraction
61- 66 F6.4 --- fclW [0/0.9] Weighted Cluster Click Fraction;
fcluster,W
68 A1 --- l_F814Wmag F814W Upper Limit Flag
69- 73 F5.2 mag F814Wmag [16.78/23.52]? HST ACS/WFC F814W magnitude
(not for Table 8)
75- 79 F5.2 mag e_F814Wmag [0.01/0.4]? F814W Error (not for Table 8)
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table9.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 4 I4 --- APID [2/6182] Andromeda Project / PHAT Catalog
ID (Johnson+ 2016, J/ApJ/827/33 ;
<[JSD2015] AP NNNN> in Simbad)
6 A1 --- Cut Error cut flag (G1)
8 I1 --- Nf [3/6] Number of filters used for fit
10- 13 F4.2 [Msun] logMP16S [2.05/4.45] The 16th percentile of SLUG
logM PDF (G2)
15- 18 F4.2 [Msun] logMP50S [2.14/4.51] The 50th percentile of SLUG
logM PDF (G2)
20- 23 F4.2 [Msun] logMP84S [2.28/4.59] The 84th percentile of SLUG
logM PDF (G2)
25- 28 F4.2 [yr] logAgeP16S [6.03/8.98] The 16th percentile of SLUG
logA PDF (G2)
30- 33 F4.2 [yr] logAgeP50S [6.09/9.26] The 50th percentile of SLUG
logA PDF (G2)
35- 38 F4.2 [yr] logAgeP84S [6.18/9.66] The 84th percentile of SLUG
logA PDF (G2)
40- 43 F4.2 mag AvP16S [0.11/3.58] The 16th percentile of SLUG
AV PDF (G2)
45- 48 F4.2 mag AvP50S [0.19/3.67] The 50th percentile of SLUG
AV PDF (G2)
50- 53 F4.2 mag AvP84S [0.24/4.2] The 84th percentile of SLUG
AV PDF (G2)
55- 58 F4.2 [Msun] logMP16 [0/5.12] The 16th percentile of CMD logM
PDF (G2)
60- 63 F4.2 [Msun] logMP50 [1.89/5.12] The 50th percentile of CMD
logM PDF (G2)
65- 68 F4.2 [Msun] logMP84 [1.91/5.2] The 84th percentile of CMD logM
PDF (G2)
70- 74 F5.2 [yr] logAgeP16 [6.6/10.1] The 16th percentile of CMD logA
PDF (G2)
76- 80 F5.2 [yr] logAgeP50 [6.6/10.1] The 50th percentile of CMD logA
PDF (G2)
82- 86 F5.2 [yr] logAgeP84 [6.6/10.1] The 84th percentile of CMD logA
PDF (G2)
88- 91 F4.2 mag AvP16 [0/2.95] The 16th percentile of CMD AV
PDF (G2)
93- 96 F4.2 mag AvP50 [0/3] The 50th percentile of CMD AV
PDF (G2)
98- 101 F4.2 mag AvP84 [0.05/3] The 84th percentile of CMD AV
PDF (G2)
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Global notes:
Note (G1): Set to true for clusters with large uncertainties (16th to 84th
percentile range >1.2dex in age or >1.3dex in mass).
Note (G2): Percentiles of the marginalized 1D probability density functions
(PDFs).
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
References:
Williams et al. Paper I. 2021ApJS..253...53W 2021ApJS..253...53W Cat. J/ApJS/253/53
Lazzarini et al. Paper II. 2022ApJ...934...76L 2022ApJ...934...76L
Wainer et al. Paper III. 2022ApJ...928...15W 2022ApJ...928...15W
Johnson et al. Paper IV. 2022ApJ...938...81J 2022ApJ...938...81J This catalog
Smercina et al. Paper V. 2023ApJ...957....3S 2023ApJ...957....3S
Wainer et al. Paper VI. 2024AJ....168...86W 2024AJ....168...86W
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 26-Aug-2024