J/ApJ/939/46 Stellar contents in the Sh2-112 cloud complex (Panja+, 2022)
Star and cluster formation in the Sh2-112 filamentary cloud complex.
Panja A., Sun Y., Chen W.P., Mondal S.
<Astrophys. J., 939, 46 (2022)>
=2022ApJ...939...46P 2022ApJ...939...46P
ADC_Keywords: H II regions; YSOs; Molecular clouds; Photometry, infrared;
Photometry, H-alpha; Spectra, optical; Stars, distances;
Millimetric/submm sources
Keywords: Star formation ; Star forming regions ; H II regions ;
Pre-main sequence stars ; Interstellar extinction ; Molecular clouds ;
Ionization ; Stellar feedback
Abstract:
We present the star formation activity around the emission nebula
Sh2-112. At a distance of ∼2.1kpc, this HII complex, itself 3pc in
radius, is illuminated by the massive star (O8 V) BD+45 3216. The
associated molecular cloud extends in angular scales of 2.0x0.83°,
corresponding to linear sizes of 73pc by 30pc, along the Galactic
longitude. The high-resolution (30") extinction map reveals a chain of
dust clumps aligned with the filament-like structure with an average
extinction of AV∼2.78mag, varying up to a maximum of ∼17mag. Our
analysis led to identification of a rich population (∼500) of young
(average age of ∼1Myr) stars, plus a numerous number (∼350) of
Hα emitters, spatially correlated with the filamentary clouds.
Located near the edge of the cloud, the luminous star BD+45 3216 has
created an arc-like pattern as the ionizing radiation encounters the
dense gas, forming a blister-shaped morphology. We found three
distinct young stellar groups, all coincident with relatively dense
parts of the cloud complex, signifying ongoing star formation.
Moreover, the cloud filament (excitation temperature ∼10K) traced by
the CO isotopologues and extending nearly ∼80pc is devoid of ionized
gas except at the dense cores (excitation temperature ∼28-32K) wherein
significant ionized emission excited by OB stars (dynamical age
∼0.18-1.0Myr) pertains. The radial velocity is dynamic (median
~-3.65km/s) along the main filament, increasing from Galactic east to
west, indicating mass flow to form the massive stars/clusters at the
central hubs.
Description:
Optical slit spectroscopic observations toward Sh2-112 were carried
out using the Himalaya Faint Object Spectrograph and Camera mounted on
the 2m Himalayan Chandra Telescope (HCT). Grism 7 (380-684nm) with a
resolution of 1330 was chosen to cover the critical spectral features
seen in massive stars.
The molecular line data for the three CO (12CO, 13CO, and C18O)
J=1-0 isotopologues are obtained as parts of the Milky Way Imaging
Scroll Painting (MWISP) project (Su+ 2019ApJS..240....9S 2019ApJS..240....9S). This
ongoing project with an expected time span of more than ten years
(2011-2022) provides large-scale CO maps of the northern Galactic
plane (-10°<l<+250° and |b|≲5.2°) with a planned sky
coverage of ∼2600deg2. The observations are carried out by a 13.7m
diameter single-dish millimeter-wavelength telescope located in
Delingha, China, and is managed by the Purple Mountain Observatory
(PMO).
Objects:
----------------------------------------------------------
RA (ICRS) DE Designation(s)
----------------------------------------------------------
20 33 49.0 +45 38 00 S112 = SH 2-112
----------------------------------------------------------
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ReadMe 80 . This file
table1.dat 207 501 Photometric catalog of the YSOs toward S112
table2.dat 81 357 Photometric catalog of the Hα emitters
toward S112
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See also:
VII/50 : CO Radial Velocities Toward Galactic H II Regions (Blitz+ 1982)
III/92 : A Library of Stellar Spectra (Jacoby+ 1984)
III/195 : Atlas of Optical Spectral Classification OB Stars (Walborn+ 1990)
III/181 : Near Infrared Spectra of Normal Stars (Torres-Dodgen+ 1993)
III/179 : Southern MK Standards 5800-10200A (Danks+ 1994)
VIII/65 : 1.4GHz NRAO VLA Sky Survey (NVSS) (Condon+ 1998)
II/246 : 2MASS All-Sky Catalog of Point Sources (Cutri+ 2003)
VII/233 : 2MASS All-Sky Extended Source Catalog (XSC) (IPAC/UMass, 2003-2006)
II/311 : WISE All-Sky Data Release (Cutri+ 2012)
II/319 : UKIDSS-DR9 LAS, GCS and DXS Surveys (Lawrence+ 2012)
II/321 : IPHAS DR2 Source Catalogue (Barentsen+, 2014)
I/347 : Distances to 1.33 billion stars in Gaia DR2 (Bailer-Jones+, 2018)
I/345 : Gaia DR2 (Gaia Collaboration, 2018)
I/352 : Distances to 1.47 billion stars in Gaia EDR3 (Bailer-Jones+, 2021)
I/355 : Gaia DR3 Part 1. Main source (Gaia Collaboration, 2022)
J/A+A/457/637 : UBVJHK synthetic phot. of Galactic O stars (Martins+, 2006)
J/ApJS/184/18 : Spitzer survey of young stellar clusters (Gutermuth+, 2009)
J/A+A/501/539 : RMS survey. 6cm observations of YSOs (Urquhart+, 2009)
J/ApJ/770/1 : YSO candidates in G38.9-0.4 region (Alexander+, 2013)
J/ApJS/208/9 : Intrinsic colors & temperatures of PMS stars (Pecaut+, 2013)
J/ApJS/221/26 : Radio obs. of Galactic WISE HII regions (Anderson+, 2015)
J/MNRAS/453/645 : Massive molecular outflows sample (Maud+, 2015)
J/A+A/592/A54 : Combined ArTeMiS+SPIRE 350um image of NGC6334 (Andre+, 2016)
J/A+A/594/A28 : Planck Catalog of Galactic cold clumps (PGCC) (Planck+, 2016)
J/ApJ/885/131 : High-mass SFR plx & proper motion with VLBI (Reid+, 2019)
J/AJ/159/153 : Opt & IR photometry in the HII region Sh2-242 (Panja+, 2020)
J/ApJ/905/61 : YSO candidates in the HII region SH 2-112 (Panwar+, 2020)
J/MNRAS/500/3123 : Star formation in clumps of the NAN complex (Das+, 2021)
J/ApJ/910/80 : Photometry and astrometry of M36 members (Panja+, 2021)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 2 A2 --- Class YSO class (1)
4- 6 I3 --- Seq [1/353] Running sequence number within Class
8- 16 F9.6 deg GLON [82.76/84.77] Galactic longitude
18- 25 F8.6 deg GLAT [2.81/3.74] Galactic latitude
27- 33 F7.3 mag W1mag [3.44/16.22]?=999 WISE/W1 3.35 micron band
apparent magnitude
35- 41 F7.3 mag e_W1mag [0.007/0.2]?=999 Uncertainty in W1mag
43- 49 F7.3 mag W2mag [1.59/15.04]?=999 WISE/W2 4.6 micron band
apparent magnitude
51- 57 F7.3 mag e_W2mag [0.004/1.2]?=999 Uncertainty in W2mag
59- 65 F7.3 mag W3mag [-0.99/12.7]?=999 WISE/W3 11.6 micron band
apparent magnitude
67- 73 F7.3 mag e_W3mag [0.007/0.6]?=999 Uncertainty in W3mag
75- 81 F7.3 mag W4mag [-4.5/9.3]?=999 WISE/W4 22.1 micron band
apparent magnitude
83- 89 F7.3 mag e_W4mag [0.001/0.6]?=999 Uncertainty in W4mag
91- 97 F7.3 mag Jmag [9.88/19.41]?=999 2MASS J band 1.25 micron
apparent magnitude
99- 105 F7.3 mag e_Jmag [0.001/0.2]?=999 Uncertainty in Jmag
107- 113 F7.3 mag Hmag [8.48/17.9]?=999 2MASS H band 1.65 micron
apparent magnitude
115- 121 F7.3 mag e_Hmag [0/10]?=999 Uncertainty in Hmag
123- 129 F7.3 mag Ksmag [6.77/16.92]?=999 2MASS Ks band 2.17 micron
apparent magnitude
131- 137 F7.3 mag e_Ksmag [0/10]?=999 Uncertainty in Ksmag
139- 145 F7.3 mag Gmag [12.55/21.13]?=999 Gaia DR2 broad G band mean
apparent magnitude
147- 153 F7.3 mag e_Gmag [0/0.08]?=999 Uncertainty in Gmag
155- 161 F7.3 mag BPmag [12.95/21.8]?=999 Gaia DR2 Blue band integrated
mean apparent magnitude
163- 169 F7.3 mag e_BPmag [0.002/0.6]?=999 Uncertainty in BPmag
171- 177 F7.3 mag RPmag [11.99/19.23]?=999 Gaia DR2 Red band integrated
mean apparent magnitude
179- 185 F7.3 mag e_RPmag [0.001/0.3]?=999 Uncertainty in RPmag
187- 193 F7.3 kpc Dist [0.07/7.2]?=999 Estimated Gaia DR2 distance
195- 200 F6.2 kpc e_Dist [0/2]?=999 Lower uncertainty in Dist
202- 207 F6.2 kpc E_Dist [0/2.6]?=999 Upper uncertainty in Dist
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): Class as follows:
I = Class I (135 occurrences)
II = Class II (353 occurrences)
TD = Transition Disk (13 occurrences)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table2.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 4 I4 --- Seq [1/357] Running sequence number
6- 14 F9.6 deg GLON [82.77/84.75] Galactic longitude
16- 23 F8.6 deg GLAT [2.86/3.7] Galactic latitude
25- 29 F5.2 mag rmag [12/20] IPHAS r band apparent magnitude
31- 34 F4.2 mag e_rmag [0/0.07] Uncertainty in rmag
36- 40 F5.2 mag imag [10.92/19.35] IPHAS i band apparent magnitude
42- 45 F4.2 mag e_imag [0/0.08] Uncertainty in imag
47- 51 F5.2 mag Hamag [10.96/18.93] IPHAS Hα band apparent
magnitude
53- 56 F4.2 mag e_Hamag [0/0.08] Uncertainty in Hamag
58- 64 F7.3 kpc Dist [0.14/4.5]?=999 Estimated Gaia DR2 distance
66- 71 F6.2 kpc e_Dist [0/1.5]?=999 Lower uncertainty in Dist
73- 78 F6.2 kpc E_Dist [0/2.3]?=999 Upper uncertainty in Dist
80- 81 A2 --- Class YSO class (1)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): Class as follows:
I = Class I (3 occurrences)
II = Class II (9 occurrences)
TD = Transition Disk (2 occurrences)
-- = Unknown (343 occurrences)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 09-Sep-2024