J/ApJ/942/L18 0.9-18um obs. of SN 2021afdx (Hosseinzadeh+, 2023)
JWST imaging of the Cartwheel galaxy reveals dust associated with SN 2021afdx.
Hosseinzadeh G., Sand D.J., Jencson J.E., Andrews J.E., Shivaei I.,
Bostroem K.A., Valenti S., Szalai T., Burke J., Howell D.A., McCully C.,
Newsome M., Gonzalez E.P., Pellegrino C., Terreran G.
<Astrophys. J., 942, L18 (2023)>
=2023ApJ...942L..18H 2023ApJ...942L..18H
ADC_Keywords: Supernovae; Photometry; Infrared; Spectra, optical;
Energy distributions; Radial velocities
Keywords: Core-collapse supernovae ; Supernovae ; Type II supernovae ;
Dust formation
Abstract:
We present near- and mid-infrared (0.9-18µm) photometry of
supernova (SN) 2021afdx, which was imaged serendipitously with the
James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) as part of its Early Release
Observations of the Cartwheel Galaxy. Our ground-based optical
observations show it is likely to be a Type IIb SN, the explosion of a
yellow supergiant, and its infrared spectral energy distribution (SED)
∼200 days after explosion shows two distinct components, which we
attribute to hot ejecta and warm dust. By fitting models of dust
emission to the SED, we derive a dust mass of
(3.8-0.3+0.5)x10-3M☉, which is the highest yet observed in
a Type IIb SN but consistent with other Type II SNe observed by the
Spitzer Space Telescope. We also find that the radius of the dust is
significantly larger than the radius of the ejecta, as derived from
spectroscopic velocities during the photospheric phase, which implies
that we are seeing an infrared echo off of preexisting dust in the
progenitor environment, rather than dust newly formed by the SN. Our
results show the power of JWST to address questions of dust formation
in SNe, and therefore the presence of dust in the early universe, with
much larger samples than have been previously possible.
Description:
SN 2021afdx was discovered by the Asteroid Terrestrial-impact Last
Alert System (ATLAS) on 2021 November 23.308 UT at
RAJ2000=00:37:42.580,DEJ2000=-33:43:25.28, 32" southeast of the center
of the Cartwheel Galaxy (ESO 350-40). We downloaded the full survey
light curve from the ATLAS Forced Photometry Server.
We also obtained multiband follow-up photometry using the Sinistro
cameras on Las Cumbres Observatory's network of 1m telescopes as part
of the Global Supernova Project. We subtracted reference images of the
field taken with the same telescopes on 2022 May 27, about 4 months
after the SN had faded. We calibrated this photometry to the AAVSO
Photometry All-Sky Survey (Henden+ 2009AAS...21440702H). B and V are
reported in Vega magnitudes, and g, r, and i are reported in AB
magnitudes.
SN 2021afdx was classified as an SN II by the Advanced Extended Public
ESO Spectroscopic Survey of Transient Objects (ePESSTO+;
Smartt+ 2015, J/A+A/579/A40) based on a spectrum taken with the ESO
Faint Object Spectrograph and Camera 2 (EFOSC2) on the New Technology
Telescope on 2021 November 26.173 (Ragosta+ 2021TNSCR4035....1R 2021TNSCR4035....1R).
We obtained six additional optical spectra using FLOYDS on Las Cumbres
Observatory's 2m Faulkes Telescope South, which are logged in Table 1.
We downloaded the JWST images of the Cartwheel Galaxy in 10 filters
spanning 0.9-18um from the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes
(Proposal 2727; PI: Pontoppidan; doi:10.17909/2n49-hx69) and performed
aperture photometry. See Section 2.2.
Objects:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
RA (ICRS) DE Designation(s) (z)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
00 37 41.11 -33 42 58.5 Cartwheel Galaxy = ESO 350-40 (z=0.030187)
00 37 42.58 -33 43 25.2 SN 2021afdx = SN 2021afdx
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table1.dat 93 6 Spectroscopic observations and velocities
fig2a.dat 57 162 Ground-based optical and JWST-based infrared
of SN 2021afdx
fig2b.dat 104 19 Pseudo-bolometric light curve fits
with a blackbody SED
sp/* . 6 *LCOGT/FLOYDS individual spectra of SN 2021afdx
in FITS format -- data behind Figure 3
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Note on sp/*: The files are all 3-dimensional PrimaryHDU (HDU=0) FITS
files with four separate spectra in NAXIS3, containing
BANDID1 = 'spectrum - background fit, weights variance, clean yes'
BANDID2 = 'raw - background fit, weights none, clean no'
BANDID3 = 'background - background fit'
BANDID4 = 'sigma - background fit, weights variance, clean yes'
The data shown in Figure 3 is from the first band, spectrum -
background fit.
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See also:
J/A+A/330/881 : Radial velocities of Cartwheel Galaxy (Amram+ 1998)
J/ApJ/778/L19 : SN 2011dh (type IIb) 3.6 & 4.5um light curves (Helou+, 2013)
J/MNRAS/438/L101 : First month on SN 2013ej (Valenti+, 2014)
J/A+A/580/A142 : SN 2011dh. The first two years (Ergon+, 2015)
J/other/Sci/348.413 : Sgr A East SNR multiwavelength images (Lau+, 2015)
J/A+A/579/A40 : PESSTO catalog (Smartt+, 2015)
J/MNRAS/459/3939 : Type II supernova light curves (Valenti+, 2016)
J/ApJ/864/L20 : SN 2017eaw NIR spectroscopy (Rho+, 2018)
J/ApJS/241/38 : A comprehensive analysis of Spitzer SNe (Szalai+, 2019)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 9 F9.3 d MJD [59550.49/59601.43] Modified Julian Date
11- 13 A3 --- Tel Telescope ("FTS")
15- 20 A6 --- Inst Instrument ("FLOYDS")
22- 25 F4.1 d Phase [10.8/60.3] Phase (G1)
27- 31 F5.2 Mm/s VHa [11.1/12.59]? Hα velocity
33- 36 F4.2 Mm/s e_VHa [0.07/0.1]? VHa uncertainty
38- 93 A56 --- File Name of the FITS file in subdirectory "sp";
column added by CDS
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: fig2a.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 11 F11.5 d MJD [59387.6/59745.42] Modified Julian Date of
observation (JD-2400000.5)
13 A1 --- l_omag Limit flag on omag
15- 20 F6.3 mag omag [17.98/23.95] Observed magnitude in Filter
22- 26 F5.3 mag e_omag [0.004/0.2]? Uncertainty in omag,
null if upper limit
28- 33 A6 --- Filter Filter
35- 48 A14 --- Tel Telescope ("Las Cumbres 1m", "ATLAS", or "JWST")
50- 57 F8.3 d Phase [-147.31/200.03] Phase (G1)
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: fig2b.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 9 F9.3 d MJD [59547.8/59598.1] Modified Julian Date of
observation (JD-2400000.5)
11- 15 F5.3 d E_MJD Upper uncertainty on MJD
17- 21 F5.3 d e_MJD Lower uncertainty on MJD
23- 31 E9.3 W Lbol Pseudobolometric luminosity (1)
33- 41 E9.3 W E_Lbol Upper uncertainty on Lbol
43- 51 E9.3 W e_Lbol Lower uncertainty on Lbol
53- 57 F5.3 kK Tphot Photospheric temperature (1)
59- 63 F5.3 kK E_Tphot Upper uncertainty on Tphot
65- 69 F5.3 kK e_Tphot Lower uncertainty on Tphot
71- 76 F6.3 10+3Rsun Rphot Photospheric radius (1)
78- 82 F5.3 10+3Rsun E_Rphot Upper uncertainty on Rphot
84- 88 F5.3 10+3Rsun e_Rphot Lower uncertainty on Rphot
90 I1 --- Nfits [2/6] Number of points used in fitting (1)
92- 97 A6 --- Filt Filters used in fitting (1)
99- 104 F6.3 d Phase [8.2/57] Phase (G1)
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Note (1): Lbol integrated from black-body SED fit using a Markov-chain Monte
Carlo (MCMC) routine implemented in the Light Curve Fitting package,
v0.7, Hosseinzadeh & Gomez (2020zndo...4312178H 2020zndo...4312178H).
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Global notes:
Note (G1): Phases are given with respect to the last prediscovery non-detection.
we adopt the last prediscovery nondetection on 2021 November 21.352 UT
as phase=0.
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 18-Nov-2024