J/ApJ/944/39 Rot. vel. & inclinations in stars of open clusters (Healy+, 2023)
A study of stellar spins in 15 open clusters.
Healy B.F., McCullough P.R., Schlaufman K.C., Kovacs G.
<Astrophys. J., 944, 39 (2023)>
=2023ApJ...944...39H 2023ApJ...944...39H
ADC_Keywords: Clusters, open; Stars, diameters; Rotational velocities; Colors;
Effective temperatures; Optical
Keywords: Open star clusters ; Inclination ; Stellar rotation ; Star formation
Abstract:
We analyze spectroscopic and photometric data to determine the
projected inclinations of stars in 11 open clusters, placing
constraints on the spin-axis distributions of six clusters. We combine
these results with four additional clusters studied by
Healy & McCullough (Paper I; 2020, J/ApJ/903/99) and Healy+ (Paper II;
2021, J/ApJ/923/23) to perform an ensemble analysis of their spins. We
find that eight out of 10 constrained clusters (80%) have spin-axis
orientations consistent with isotropy, and we establish a lower limit
of four out of 10 (40%) isotropic clusters at 75% confidence, assuming
no correlation of spins between clusters. We also identify two
clusters whose spin-axis distributions can be better described by a
model consisting of an aligned fraction of stars combined with an
isotropic distribution. However, the inclination values of these stars
may be influenced by systematic error, and the small number of stars
modeled as aligned in these two clusters precludes the interpretation
that their stellar subsets are physically aligned. Overall, no cluster
displays an unambiguous signature of spin alignment, and 97% of the
stars in our sample are consistent with isotropic orientations in
their respective clusters. Our results offer support for the dominance
of turbulence over ordered rotation in clumps and do not suggest the
alignment of rotation axes and magnetic fields in protostars.
Description:
As in Papers I (Healy & McCullough 2020, J/ApJ/903/99) and
II (Healy+ 2021, J/ApJ/923/23), we used the cluster membership tables
of Cantat-Gaudin+ (2018, J/A+A/618/A93) updated with Gaia Early Data
Release 3 (EDR3; Gaia Collaboration+ 2021, see I/350) data to
establish our initial lists of stars to study.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table1.dat 95 15 *Clusters in this study
table3.dat 127 1776 TESS-based rotation periods of stars in
targeted clusters
table4.dat 137 404 Relevant quantities and determinations of
the inclinations of open cluster members
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Note on table1.dat: 11 clusters from this paper and 4 additional clusters
from papers I (Healy & McCullough 2020, J/ApJ/903/99) and/or II
(Healy+ 2021, J/ApJ/923/23) which have data in Table 3 and/or 4 added
by CDS for convenience.
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See also:
I/259 : The Tycho-2 Catalogue (Hog+ 2000)
II/246 : 2MASS All-Sky Catalog of Point Sources (Cutri+ 2003)
VII/233 : 2MASS All-Sky Extended Source Catalog (XSC) (IPAC/UMass, 2003-2006)
II/349 : The Pan-STARRS release 1 (PS1) Survey - DR1 (Chambers+, 2016)
II/335 : Revised cat. of GALEX UV sources (GUVcat_AIS GR6+7) (Bianchi+ 2017)
I/345 : Gaia DR2 (Gaia Collaboration, 2018)
I/350 : Gaia EDR3 (Gaia Collaboration, 2020)
V/154 : Sloan Digital Sky Surveys (SDSS), Release 16 (DR16) (Ahumada+, 2020)
IV/39 : TESS Input Catalog version 8.2 (TIC v8.2) (Paegert+, 2021)
II/365 : CatWISE2020 catalog (updated version 28-Jan-2021) (Marocco+, 2021)
I/355 : Gaia DR3 Part 1. Main source (Gaia Collaboration, 2022)
III/286 : APOGEE-2 DR17 final allStar catalog (Abdurro'uf+, 2022)
J/A+A/360/472 : Proper motions in omega Centauri (van Leeuwen+, 2000)
J/A+A/404/927 : UBVRI photometry of NGC 2422 (Prisinzano+, 2003)
J/ApJ/610/1064 : Substellar pop. of young cluster lam Ori (Barrado+, 2004)
J/MNRAS/351/1401 : RcIcZ photometry of NGC 2547 (Jeffries+, 2004)
J/MNRAS/358/13 : Faint dwarfs in NGC 2547 (Jeffries+, 2005)
J/A+A/438/1163 : Catalogue of Open Cluster Data (COCD) (Kharchenko+, 2005)
J/AJ/131/2967 : α Persei open cluster members (Makarov+, 2006)
J/A+A/477/165 : Nearby open clusters tidal radii & masses (Piskunov+, 2008)
J/MNRAS/393/538 : Stellar association around gamma Vel (Jeffries+, 2009)
J/A+A/498/949 : Vel. of 1253 F-K dwarfs in open clusters (Mermilliod+, 2009)
J/MNRAS/402/1380 : Rot. velocities in Pleiades and αPer (Jackson+, 2010)
J/A+A/536/A63 : Collinder 69 very low mass stars and BDs (Bayo+, 2011)
J/MNRAS/430/1433 : NGC 2264 members periods with CoRoT (Affer+, 2013)
J/A+A/558/A53 : MW global survey of star clusters. II. (Kharchenko+, 2013)
J/MNRAS/432/1203 : Rotation periods of M-dwarf stars (McQuillan+, 2013)
J/A+A/557/L10 : Rotation periods of 12000 Kepler stars (Nielsen+, 2013)
J/A+A/564/A125 : AGN Torus model comparison of AGN in CDFS (Buchner+, 2014)
J/A+A/563/A94 : Kinematics of the Gamma Vel cluster (Jeffries+, 2014)
J/ApJS/211/24 : Rotation periods of Kepler MS stars (McQuillan+, 2014)
J/A+A/567/A55 : Metallicity of the γ Vel cluster (Spina+, 2014)
J/AJ/148/85 : WIYN open cluster study. LXII. M35 phot. (Thompson+, 2014)
J/A+A/583/A73 : Color-period diagram for M48 (NGC2548) (Barnes+, 2015)
J/A+A/580/A75 : Velocity precision in the Gaia-ESO Survey (Jackson+, 2015)
J/ApJ/807/82 : Rotational velocities of APOKASC red giants (Tayar+, 2015)
J/A+A/586/A52 : NGC 2264, NGC 2547 & NGC 2516 stellar radii (Jackson+, 2016)
J/MNRAS/457/1028 : alpha Per cluster possible members (Sheikhi+, 2016)
J/MNRAS/475/1609 : RV variability in NGC 2516 and NGC 2422 (Bailey+, 2018)
J/A+A/618/A93 : Gaia DR2 open clusters in the MW (Cantat-Gaudin+, 2018)
J/A+A/616/A10 : Open clusters GaiaDR2 HR diagrams (Gaia Collaboration, 2018)
J/A+A/616/A12 : Gaia DR2 sources in GC and dSph (Gaia Collaboration+, 2018)
J/MNRAS/476/3245 : M dwarfs in the Pleiades (Jackson+, 2018)
J/A+A/612/L2 : Compilation of stellar rotation data (Kovacs, 2018)
J/A+A/619/A155 : Open cluster kinematics with Gaia DR2 (Soubiran+, 2018)
J/A+A/623/A108 : Age of 269 GDR2 open clusters (Bossini+, 2019)
J/MNRAS/483/1125 : Rad. inflation in Praesepe active M-dwarfs (Jackson+, 2019)
J/AJ/158/122 : Local structure & SFH of the MW (Kounkel+, 2019)
J/ApJ/870/32 : Kinematics in young star clusters & assoc. (Kuhn+, 2019)
J/MNRAS/490/3806 : Exoplanets & var. stars in 47 Tuc field (Nardiello+, 2019)
J/ApJ/903/99 : Stellar spins in the open cluster NGC 2516 (Healy+, 2020)
J/MNRAS/498/5972 : Var. and dippers in young associations (Nardiello, 2020)
J/MNRAS/495/4924 : Exoplanets in Southern open clusters (Nardiello+, 2020)
J/ApJ/898/76 : Rot. vel. of APOGEE stars in Kepler field (Simonian+, 2020)
J/AJ/159/220 : WOCS LXXIX. M48. I. WIYN sp. for M48 stars (Sun+, 2020)
J/ApJ/889/99 : Gaia DR2 Blanco 1 member candidates (Zhang+, 2020)
J/MNRAS/506/150 : The GALAH+ Survey DR3 (Buder+, 2021)
J/ApJ/923/23 : Stellar spins in the Pleiades, Praesepe & M35 (Healy+, 2021)
J/AJ/162/56 : Radial velocity of YSOs with MMT/Hectochelle (Lim+, 2021)
J/A+A/645/A84 : Coronae of nearby star clusters (Meingast+, 2021)
J/AJ/164/26 : Hot Jupiters isochrone analyse (Hamer+, 2022)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 12 A12 --- Cluster Cluster identifier (as in Tables 3 and 4)
14 A1 --- f_Cluster [a] a: added by CDS from Paper I
(Healy & McCullough 2020, J/ApJ/903/99) and
II (Healy+ 2021, J/ApJ/923/23)
16- 33 A18 --- AName Alternative name of the cluster
35- 41 F7.3 deg GLON [14.9/273.9] Galactic longitude
43- 49 F7.3 deg GLAT [-79.4/32.5] Galactic latitude
51 A1 --- u_Dist [~] Flag uncertainty on Dist
52- 56 F5.1 pc Dist [134.8/910] Distance via inversion of
Gaia EDR3 parallaxes
58- 61 F4.1 pc e_Dist [1.3/42]? Dist uncertainty
63 A1 --- u_Age [~] Flag uncertainty on Age
64- 68 F5.1 Myr Age [4.9/455]? Age determined by this work (1)
70- 73 F4.1 Myr e_Age [0.9/25]? Age uncertainty
75- 84 A10 Msun Mass Mass (range) estimate
86- 89 A4 --- r_Mass Reference on Mass (2)
91- 92 I2 --- Refvsini [9/14]? Source of vsini measurements (2)
94- 95 I2 km/s Thresh [5/12]? vsini threshold we established for
each data set (see Section 3.4)
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Note (1): In Paper II (Healy+ 2021, J/ApJ/923/23), an age estimation is given
for the Pleiades at 110-160Myr (Gossage+ 2018ApJ...863...67G 2018ApJ...863...67G) and
Praesepe at 600-800Myr (Brandt & Huang 2015ApJ...807...24B 2015ApJ...807...24B).
Note (2): References as follows:
1 = Piskunov et al. (2008, J/A+A/477/165)
2 = Bayo et al. (2011, J/A+A/536/A63 )
3 = Jeffries et al. (2009, J/MNRAS/393/538)
4 = Jeffries et al. (2004, J/MNRAS/351/1401)
5 = Sheikhi et al. (2016, J/MNRAS/457/1028)
6 = Zhang et al. (2020, J/ApJ/889/99)
7 = Prisinzano et al. (2003, J/A+A/404/927)
8 = Balaguer Nunez (2006PhDT.......325B 2006PhDT.......325B)
9 = SDSS DR17 (Abdurro'uf+ 2022, III/286)
10 = Jeffries et al. (2014, J/A+A/563/A94)
11 = Jackson et al. (2016, J/A+A/586/A52)
12 = Mermilliod et al. (2009, J/A+A/498/949 )
13 = Bailey et al. (2018, J/MNRAS/475/1609)
14 = WIYN Open Cluster Study (Sun et al. 2020, J/AJ/159/220)
15 = Jeffries et al. 2001, J/A+A/375/863
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table3.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 19 I19 --- GaiaDR2 Gaia DR2 source identifier
21- 39 I19 --- GaiaEDR3 Gaia EDR3 source identifier
41- 49 I9 --- TIC [4154225/818505977] TESS Input Catalog
identifier
51- 68 F18.14 deg RAdeg Gaia EDR3 Right Ascension (ICRS) at Epoch=2016
70- 87 F18.14 deg DEdeg [-61.7/59.1] Gaia EDR3 Declination (ICRS)
at Epoch=2016
89- 91 F3.1 --- PMm [0.1/1] Membership probability
93- 99 F7.4 mag Bp-Rp [-0.18/3.7] Gaia DR2 Blue minus Red passband
color
101- 107 F7.4 d Per [0.22/14.6] Period
109- 114 F6.4 d e_Per [0.0028/3.8] Uncertainty in Per
116- 127 A12 --- Cluster Cluster identifier
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table4.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 19 I19 --- GaiaDR2 Gaia DR2 source identifier
21- 39 I19 --- GaiaEDR3 Gaia EDR3 source identifier
41- 49 I9 --- TIC [4205889/464839176] TESS Input Catalog
identifier
51- 55 I5 K Teff [3182/15000] Effective temperature
57- 61 F5.1 K e_Teff [5/700] Uncertainty in Teff
63- 68 F6.4 Rsun Rad [0.37/2.72] Stellar radius
70- 75 F6.4 Rsun e_Rad [0.0015/0.05] Uncertainty in Rad
77- 82 F6.2 km/s vsini [5/124.2] Projected rotational velocity
84- 88 F5.2 km/s e_vsini [0.2/17] Uncertainty in vsini
90- 96 F7.5 d Per [0.2/10] Period
98- 104 F7.5 d e_Per [0.0003/1.7] Uncertainty in Per
106- 111 F6.4 --- sini [0.048/2] Sine of the inclination
113- 117 F5.3 --- E_sini [0.01/1] Upper uncertainty in sini
119- 124 F6.4 --- e_sini [0.0079/1] Lower uncertainty in sini
126- 137 A12 --- Cluster Cluster identifier
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
References:
Healy & McCullough Paper I. 2020ApJ...903...99H 2020ApJ...903...99H Cat. J/ApJ/903/99
Healy et al. Paper II. 2021ApJ...923...23H 2021ApJ...923...23H Cat. J/ApJ/923/23
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 23-Jan-2025