J/ApJ/944/94 Cosmicflows-4 (Tully+, 2023)
Cosmicflows-4.
Tully R.B., Kourkchi E., Courtois H.M., Anand G.S., Blakeslee J.P.,
Brout D., de Jaeger T., Dupuy A., Guinet D., Howlett C., Jensen J.B.,
Pomarede D., Rizzi L., Rubin D., Said K., Scolnic D., Stahl B.E.
<Astrophys. J., 944, 94 (2023)>
=2023ApJ...944...94T 2023ApJ...944...94T
ADC_Keywords: Galaxies, photometry; Galaxies, group; Galaxy catalogs;
Radial velocities
Keywords: Distance indicators ; Galaxy distances ;
Large-scale structure of the universe ; Observational cosmology ;
Hubble constant
Abstract:
With Cosmicflows-4, distances are compiled for 55,877 galaxies
gathered into 38,065 groups. Eight methodologies are employed, with
the largest numbers coming from the correlations between the
photometric and kinematic properties of spiral galaxies (TF) and
elliptical galaxies (FP). Supernovae that arise from degenerate
progenitors (type Ia SNe) are an important overlapping component.
Smaller contributions come from distance estimates from the surface
brightness fluctuations of elliptical galaxies and the luminosities
and expansion rates of core-collapse supernovae (SNe II). Cepheid
period-luminosity relation and tip of the red giant branch
observations founded on local stellar parallax measurements along with
the geometric maser distance to NGC 4258 provide the absolute scaling
of distances. The assembly of galaxies into groups is an important
feature of the study in facilitating overlaps between methodologies.
Merging between multiple contributions within a methodology and
between methodologies is carried out with Bayesian Markov chain Monte
Carlo procedures. The final assembly of distances is compatible with a
value of the Hubble constant of H0=74.6km/s/Mpc with the small
statistical error of ±0.8km/s/Mpc but a large potential systematic
error of ∼3km/s/Mpc. Peculiar velocities can be inferred from the
measured distances. The interpretation of the field of peculiar
velocities is complex because of large errors on individual components
and invites analyses beyond the scope of this study.
Description:
Here, with Cosmicflows-4 a most important addition is a much-extended
Tully-Fisher relation (TFR) sample of 10000 galaxies drawing in
particular on kinematic information from ALFALFA, the Arecibo Legacy
Fast ALFA survey of the high galactic latitude sky in the decl. range
0°-38° (Haynes+ 2011, J/AJ/142/170 & 2018, J/ApJ/861/49).
Photometry is provided by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) and the
Wide-field Infrared Explorer (WISE). This component of Cosmicflows-4
substantially redresses the imbalance favoring the southern sky of the
previous catalog.
SDSS also provides the source material for a second even larger
addition to the current catalog. SDSS photometry and spectroscopy are
combined to provide fundamental plane (FP) distances to 34000 galaxies
out to 30000km/s in the quadrant of the sky that is celestial north
and galactic north. As a consequence, while Cosmicflows-3 tilted
toward coverage of the celestial south, now Cosmicflows-4 greatly
expands our knowledge of the north.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ReadMe 80 . This file
table2.dat 190 55877 Distances of individual galaxies
table3.dat 190 38053 Distances of galaxy groups
table4.dat 157 38053 Galaxy group distances and peculiar velocities
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See also:
VII/233 : 2MASS All-Sky Extended Source Catalog (XSC) (IPAC/UMass, 2003-2006)
VII/259 : 6dF galaxy survey final redshift release (Jones+, 2009)
II/328 : AllWISE Data Release (Cutri+ 2013)
V/147 : The SDSS Photometric Catalogue, Release 12 (Alam+, 2015)
V/154 : Sloan Digital Sky Surveys (SDSS), Release 16 (DR16) (Ahumada+, 2020)
J/MNRAS/321/277 : EFAR Catalog. VII. (Colless+, 2001)
J/MNRAS/327/265 : SMAC. III. Fundamental Plane catalog (Hudson+, 2001)
J/ApJ/659/122 : Improved distances to type Ia supernovae (Jha+, 2007)
J/ApJ/655/144 : ACS Virgo Cluster Survey. XIII. (Mei+, 2007)
J/ApJS/172/599 : SFI++ II. A new I-band Tully-Fisher cat. (Springob+, 2007)
J/ApJ/676/184 : Peculiar motion away from the Local Void (Tully+, 2008)
J/AJ/138/1938 : EDD: All Digital HI profile catalog (Courtois+, 2009)
J/ApJ/700/1097 : Light curve parameters of SN Ia (Hicken+, 2009)
J/AJ/138/332 : LEDA CMD/tip of the red giant branch (Jacobs+, 2009)
J/ApJ/716/712 : HST light curves of six SNe and Union2 (Amanullah+, 2010)
J/AJ/139/120 : Low-redshift Type-Ia supernovae (Folatelli+, 2010)
J/MNRAS/415/1935 : I-band photometry of cosmic flows (Courtois+, 2011)
J/MNRAS/414/2005 : Cosmic flows observations (Courtois+, 2011)
J/AJ/142/170 : ALFALFA survey: α.40 HI source cat. (Haynes+, 2011)
J/ApJS/199/26 : The 2MASS Redshift Survey (2MRS) (Huchra+, 2012)
J/MNRAS/433/2240 : SALT2 parameters & distances for SNe (Ganeshalingam+, 2013)
J/AJ/146/86 : Cosmicflows-2 catalog (Tully+, 2013)
J/MNRAS/443/1231 : 6dF Galaxy Survey: Fundamental Plane data (Campbell+, 2014)
J/ApJ/795/158 : The MASSIVE survey : 116 candidate galaxies (Ma+, 2014)
J/ApJ/795/44 : PS1 SNe Ia (0.02<z<0.7) griz light curves (Rest+, 2014)
J/MNRAS/444/527 : Tully-Fisher distances for Spitzer galaxies (Sorce+, 2014)
J/MNRAS/445/2677 : Peculiar velocities in 6dFGS (Springob+, 2014)
J/A+A/566/A1 : Flux- & volume-limited groups for SDSS gal. (Tempel+, 2014)
J/AJ/149/171 : 2MASS galaxy group catalog (Tully, 2015)
J/ApJS/219/13 : SNe Ia light curves for the LSQ-CSP sample (Walker+, 2015)
J/AJ/151/88 : LMC NIR Synoptic Survey. II. (Bhardwaj+, 2016)
J/ApJ/816/L14 : Tully-Fisher relation in disk gal. from SPARC (Lelli+, 2016)
J/ApJ/826/56 : HST/WFC3 obs. of Cepheids in SN Ia host gal. (Riess+, 2016)
J/AJ/152/50 : Cosmicflows-3 catalog (CF3) (Tully+, 2016)
J/ApJ/843/16 : Galaxy groups within 3500km/s (Kourkchi+, 2017)
J/ApJ/842/60 : Var. stars in Logal Group galaxies. III. (Monelli+, 2017)
J/ApJ/850/207 : Action dynamics of the Local Supercluster (Shaya+, 2017)
J/A+A/602/A100 : Merging groups & clusters from the SDSS data (Tempel+, 2017)
J/ApJ/869/56 : Updated calibration of the CSP-I SNeIa sample (Burns+, 2018)
J/ApJ/861/49 : ALFALFA extragalactic HI source catalog (Haynes+, 2018)
J/A+A/615/A68 : Type Ia supernova luminosities (Roman+, 2018)
J/ApJ/885/161 : 90 cepheid candidates nearby NGC 6814 (Bentz+, 2019)
J/MNRAS/487/2061 : Distances for 2062 nearby spiral galaxies (Hong+, 2019)
J/ApJ/884/82 : SDSS, WISE & HI data of local spiral gal. (Kourkchi+, 2019)
J/ApJ/876/85 : HST observations for LMC Cepheids (Riess+, 2019)
J/ApJ/886/61 : OGLE-III, MCPS and HST VI obs. of LMC & SMC (Yuan+, 2019)
J/MNRAS/495/4860 : Studying Type II supernovae using the DES (de Jaeger+, 2020)
J/ApJ/896/3 : Cosmicflows-4: Tully-Fisher relations (Kourkchi+, 2020)
J/ApJ/902/145 : Cosmicflows-4: Tully-Fisher distances (Kourkchi+, 2020)
J/ApJ/902/26 : HST opt. & H-band obs. of Cepheids in NGC4151 (Yuan+, 2020)
J/A+A/646/A113 : Towards Cosmicflows-4 HI data catalog (Dupuy+, 2021)
J/ApJ/908/L5 : Color-magnitude diagram for ω Centauri (Soltis+, 2021)
J/ApJ/913/3 : HST opt. & H-band obs. of Cepheids in NGC4051 (Yuan+, 2021)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table2.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 7 I7 --- PGC [2/9003288] Principal Galaxies Catalog ID (1)
9- 15 I7 --- 1PGC [12/9003288] PGC ID, dominant galaxy in the
group (G1)
17- 21 I5 --- T17 [1/88355]?=0 Group identification,
Tempel+ 2017, J/A+A/602/A100
23- 27 I5 km/s Vcmb [-784/32575] Systemic velocity of the galaxy (2)
29- 34 F6.3 mag DM [18.46/39.53] Distance modulus, all
methodologies (3)
36- 40 F5.3 mag e_DM [0.01/2.11] Uncertainty in DM
42- 47 F6.3 mag DMsnIa [28.13/38.45]? Distance modulus, SN Ia,
degenerate progenitors (4)
49- 52 F4.2 mag e_DMsnIa [0.07/1.3]? Uncertainty in DMsnIa
54- 59 F6.3 mag DMtf [26/38.5]? Distance modulus, Tully-Fisher
relation (4)
61- 64 F4.2 mag e_DMtf [0.38/0.8]? Uncertainty in DMtf
66- 71 F6.3 mag DMfp [29.46/39.53]? Distance modulus, Fundamental
Plane (4)
73- 76 F4.2 mag e_DMfp [0.42/2.11]? Uncertainty in DMfp
78- 83 F6.3 mag DMsbf [23.83/34.94]? Distance modulus, Surface
brightness fluctuations (4)
85- 89 F5.3 mag e_DMsbf [0.04/1.3]? Uncertainty in DMsbf
91- 96 F6.3 mag DMsnII [28.19/38.1]? Distance modulus, SNII, core
collapse supernovae (4)
98- 101 F4.2 mag e_DMsnII [0.3/1.1]? Uncertainty in DMsnII
103- 107 F5.2 mag DMtrgb [21.92/31.67]? Distance modulus, Tip of the Red
Giant Branch (4)
109- 112 F4.2 mag e_DMtrgb [0.01/1.3]? Uncertainty in DMtrgb
114- 119 F6.3 mag DMceph [18.46/34.53]? Distance modulus, Cepheid
period-luminosity relation (4)
121- 125 F5.3 mag e_DMceph [0.02/0.3]? Uncertainty in DMceph
127- 131 F5.2 mag DMmas [29.4/35.6]? Distance modulus, geometric masers
(4)
133- 136 F4.2 mag e_DMmas [0.03/0.6]? Uncertainty in DMmas
138- 145 F8.4 deg RAdeg Right Ascension, decimal degree (J2000)
147- 154 F8.4 deg DEdeg [-90/89] Declination, decimal degree (J2000)
156- 163 F8.4 deg GLON Galactic longitude
165- 172 F8.4 deg GLAT [-90/90] Galactic latitude
174- 181 F8.4 deg SGL Supergalactic longitude
183- 190 F8.4 deg SGB [-89/87] Supergalactic latitude
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Note (1): The Principal Galaxies Catalog identification of the galaxy in
HyperLEDA, http://leda.univ-lyon1.fr/
Note (2): Systemic velocity of the galaxy in the reference frame of the
cosmic microwave background.
Note (3): Distance modulus of the galaxy derived from an MCMC analysis
incorporating all methodologies and associated uncertainty.
Note (4): Distance moduli and uncertainties of the following methodologies
after registration to a common scale with the MCMC analysis. Individual
samples for these catalogs are available on Extragalactic Distance
Database (http://edd.ifa.hawaii.edu/).
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table3.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 7 I7 --- 1PGC [12/9003288] PGC ID, dominant galaxy in the
group (G1)
9- 14 F6.3 mag DMzp [20.36/39.44] Group, weighted average distance
modulus, TRGB, cepheid and maser calibrators (1)
16- 21 F6.3 mag DMav [0/39.6] Group, weighted average distance
modulus, arbitrary SNIa scale (2)
23- 27 F5.3 mag e_DMav [0/2.11] Uncertainty in DMav
29- 33 I5 km/s Vcmb [-617/32575] Systemic velocity of the galaxy (3)
35- 42 F8.4 deg RAdeg Right Ascension, decimal degree (J2000)
44- 51 F8.4 deg DEdeg [-90/89] Declination, decimal degree (J2000)
53- 60 F8.4 deg GLON Galactic longitude
62- 69 F8.4 deg GLAT [-89.5/90] Galactic latitude
71- 78 F8.4 deg SGL Supergalactic longitude
80- 87 F8.4 deg SGB [-89/87] Supergalactic latitude
89- 90 I2 --- o_DMcal [1/37]? Number of galaxies in group with
calibrator observations
92- 97 F6.3 mag DMcal [20.36/35.6]? Group, weighted-average distance
modulus based on calibrators (4)
99 I1 --- o_DMsnIa [1/7]? Number of galaxies in group with DMsnIa
observations
101- 106 F6.3 mag DMsnIa [27.6/38.6]? Group, weighted-average distance
modulus, SN Ia, degenerate progenitors
108- 112 F5.3 mag e_DMsnIa [0.05/2]? Uncertainty in DMsnIa
114- 116 I3 --- o_DMfp [1/209]? Number of galaxies in group with DMfp
observations
118- 123 F6.3 mag DMfp [29.93/39.46]? Group, weighted-average distance
modulus, Fundamental Plane
125- 129 F5.3 mag e_DMfp [0.03/2.11]? Uncertainty in DMfp
131- 132 I2 --- o_DMtf [1/60]? Number of galaxies in group with DMtf
observations
134- 139 F6.3 mag DMtf [26/38.22]? Group, weighted-average distance
modulus, Tully-Fisher relation
141- 145 F5.3 mag e_DMtf [0.05/0.8]? Uncertainty in DMtf
147- 149 I3 --- o_DMsbfo [1/132]? Number of galaxies in group with
DMsbfo observations
151- 156 F6.3 mag DMsbfo [24.24/34.25]? Group, weighted-average distance
modulus, optical surface brightness
fluctuations
158- 162 F5.3 mag e_DMsbfo [0.008/1]? Uncertainty in DMsbfo
164 I1 --- o_DMsbfi [1/3]? Number of galaxies in group with DMsbfi
observations
166- 171 F6.3 mag DMsbfi [31.34/35]? Group, weighted-average distance
modulus, infrared surface brightness
fluctuations
173- 177 F5.3 mag e_DMsbfi [0.05/0.2]? Uncertainty in DMsbfi
179- 184 F6.3 mag DMsnII [28.43/38.31]? Group, weighted-average distance
modulus, SNII, core collapse supernovae
186- 190 F5.3 mag e_DMsnII [0.3/1.1]? Uncertainty in DMsnII
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Note (1): Group, weighted average distance modulus from column 3 (DMav) set
to the scale defined by TRGB, cepheid and maser calibrators. If column
e (DMav) is blank because no five methods measurement is available then
the direct calibration value is given.
Note (2): Weighted average (w=1/sigma^2) over five methods (FP, TF, SBF, SNIa,
SNII) on arbitrary SNIa scale.
Note (3): Systemic velocity of the galaxy in the reference frame of the
cosmic microwave background.
Note (4): Average of all TRGB, CPLR, or MASER calibrators
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table4.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 7 I7 --- 1PGC [12/9003288] PGC ID, dominant galaxy in the
group (G1)
9- 14 F6.3 mag DMzp [20.36/39.44] Group, weighted-average
distance modulus; absolute scale set by
calibrator galaxies (5)
16- 20 F5.3 mag e_DMzp [0.008/2.11] Uncertainty in DMzp
22- 26 F5.1 Mpc Dist [0.1/773] Luminosity distance corresponding
ot DMzp
28- 32 I5 km/s Vh [-331/32885] Group velocity, relative to
the Sun
34- 38 I5 km/s Vls [-157/32984] Group velocity, relative to
Local Sheet
40- 44 I5 km/s V3k [-617/32575] Group velocity, relative to
cosmic background
46- 50 I5 km/s fV3k [-616/35300] V3K times the cosmological
curvature adjustment parameter (6)
52- 57 I6 km/s Vpds [-24288/14471] Peculiar velocity, Equation
9, Davis & Scrimgeour (2014)
[2014MNRAS.442.1117D 2014MNRAS.442.1117D]
59- 63 I5 km/s Vpwf [-7938/8439] Peculiar velocity, Equation
10, Watkins & Feldman (2015)
[2015MNRAS.450.1868W 2015MNRAS.450.1868W]
65- 69 I5 km/s Vpec [-7938/8439] Peculiar velocity, using ramp
in Equation 11
71- 75 F5.1 km/s/Mpc Hi [0/532.8] Group Hubble parameter (7)
77- 82 F6.3 [km/s/Mpc] logHi [-0.21/2.73] Log, Hi
84- 91 F8.4 deg RAdeg Right Ascension, decimal degree (J2000)
93- 100 F8.4 deg DEdeg [-90/89] Declination, decimal degree (J2000)
102- 109 F8.4 deg GLON Galactic longitude
111- 118 F8.4 deg GLAT [-89.5/90] Galactic latitude
120- 127 F8.4 deg SGL Supergalactic longitude
129- 136 F8.4 deg SGB [-89/87] Supergalactic latitude
138- 143 I6 Mpc SGX [-22455/23499] Cartesian supergalactic
coordinates of group, observed velocity
units
145- 150 I6 Mpc SGY [-28286/28984] Cartesian supergalactic
coordinates of group, observed velocity
units
152- 157 I6 Mpc SGZ [-27377/27941] Cartesian supergalactic
coordinates of group, observed velocity
units
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Note (5): The distance modulus and uncertainty of the group, weighted averaged
over all members of the group with measured distance moduli.
Note (6): V3K multiplied by the cosmological curvature adjustment parameter
fi=1+1/2*[1-q0]*zi-1/6*[1-q0-3q02+j0]*zi2
where zi is the redshift of the galaxy, q0 and j0 are the
acceleration and jerk parameters and c is the speed of light. Values
for the matter and vacuum energy density of the universe
Ωm=0.27 and ΩΛ=0.73 are assumed.
Note (7): Group Hubble parameter, Hi=fi*Vcmb,i/di
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Global notes:
Note (G1): The PGC ID of the dominant galaxy in the group containing the galaxy
in question given directly or inferred from the group catalogs of
Kourkchi & Tully 2017, J/ApJ/843/16 or Tully 2015, J/AJ/149/171
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 28-Jan-2025