J/ApJ/946/L16 CEERS Key Paper. IV. JWST & HST data (Perez-Gonzalez+, 2023)
CEERS Key Paper.
IV. A triality in the nature of HST-dark galaxies.
Perez-Gonzalez P.G., Barro G., Annunziatella M., Costantin L.,
Garcia-Argumanez A., McGrath E.J., Merida R.M., Zavala J.A., Haro P.A.,
Bagley M.B., Backhaus B.E., Behroozi P., Bell E.F., Bisigello L., Buat V.,
Calabro A., Casey C.M., Cleri N.J., Coogan R.T., Cooper M.C., Cooray A.R.,
Dekel A., Dickinson M., Elbaz D., Ferguson H.C., Finkelstein S.L.,
Fontana A., Franco M., Gardner J.P., Giavalisco M., Gomez-Guijarro C.,
Grazian A., Grogin N.A., Guo Y., Huertas-Company M., Jogee S.,
Kartaltepe J.S., Kewley L.J., Kirkpatrick A., Kocevski D.D.,
Koekemoer A.M., Long A.S., Lotz J.M., Lucas R.A., Papovich C., Pirzkal N.,
Ravindranath S., Somerville R.S., Tacchella S., Trump J.R., Wang W.,
Wilkins S.M., Wuyts S., Yang G., Aaron Yung L.Y.
<Astrophys. J., 946, L16 (2023)>
=2023ApJ...946L..16P 2023ApJ...946L..16P
ADC_Keywords: Galaxies, IR; Photometry, infrared; Redshifts; Stars, masses
Keywords: Galaxy formation ; Galaxy evolution ; High-redshift galaxies ;
Stellar populations ; Broad band photometry ; Galaxy ages ;
James Webb Space Telescope ; Galaxy quenching ; Galaxy processes ;
Quenched galaxies ; Starburst galaxies ; Galaxy photometry
Abstract:
The new capabilities that JWST offers in the near- and mid-infrared
(IR) are used to investigate in unprecedented detail the nature of
optical/near-IR-faint, mid-IR-bright sources, with HST-dark galaxies
among them. We gather JWST data from the CEERS survey in the Extended
Groth Strip, jointly with HST data, and analyze spatially resolved
optical-to-mid-IR spectral energy distributions to estimate
photometric redshifts in two dimensions and stellar population
properties on a pixel-by-pixel basis for red galaxies detected by
NIRCam. We select 138 galaxies with F150W-F356W>1.5mag and
F356W<27.5mag. The nature of these sources is threefold: (1) 71% are
dusty star-forming galaxies (SFGs) at 2<z<6 with 9<logM*/M☉<11
and a variety of specific SFRs (<1 to >100 Gyr-1); (2) 18% are
quiescent/dormant (i.e., subject to reignition/rejuvenation) galaxies
(QGs) at 3<z<5, with logM*/M☉∼10 and poststarburst
mass-weighted ages (0.5-1.0Gyr); and (3) 11% are strong young
starbursts with indications of high equivalent width emission lines
(typically, [OIII]+Hβ) at 6<z<7 (XELG-z6) and
logM*/M☉∼9.5. The sample is dominated by disk-like galaxies
with remarkable compactness for XELG-z6 (effective radii smaller than
0.4kpc). Large attenuations in SFGs, 2<A(V)<5mag, are found within
1.5 times the effective radius, approximately 2kpc, while QGs present
A(V) ∼0.2mag. Our SED-fitting technique reproduces the expected dust
emission luminosities of IR-bright and submillimeter galaxies. This
study implies high levels of star formation activity between z∼20 and
z∼10, where virtually 100% of our galaxies had already formed
108M☉, 60% had assembled 109M☉, and 10% up to
1010M☉ (in situ or ex situ).
Description:
In this paper, we use the JWST imaging data acquired within the Cosmic
Evolution Early Released Science (CEERS) project
(Finkelstein+ 2017jwst.prop.1345F) in 2022 June. This data set
comprises four NIRCam pointings (1, 2, 3, and 6, as named in the APT
observing strategy file) in the Extended Groth Strip (EGS), observed
in filters F115W, F150W, F200W, F277W, F356W, F410M, and F444W. The
total surveyed area is 38.8'2.
Complementary to the JWST observations, we also used the Hubble Space
Telescope HST data provided by the AEGIS (Davis+ 2007ApJ...660L...1D 2007ApJ...660L...1D)
and CANDELS (Koekemoer+ 2011ApJS..197...36K 2011ApJS..197...36K) collaborations in the EGS
region.
We cross-correlated our sample with the IR catalogs for Spitzer MIPS
and Herschel PACS and SPIRE presented in Barro+ (2019, J/ApJS/193/30).
At longer wavelengths, we also used the submillimeter catalog
presented in Zavala+ (2017, J/MNRAS/464/3369 & 2018MNRAS.475.5585Z 2018MNRAS.475.5585Z),
which reaches a 5σ central depth of 0.2mJy at 850um with SCUBA-2
as well as our NOEMA 1.1mm follow-up project on a subsample of these
SCUBA-2 galaxies (proposal W20CK; see also Zavala+ 2023ApJ...943L...9Z 2023ApJ...943L...9Z,
and Ciesla+ 2023, in preparation). To search for radio galaxies, we
used the VLA/EGS 20cm (1.4GHz) survey (described by
Ivison+ 2007ApJ...660L..77I 2007ApJ...660L..77I). In addition, we searched for
counterparts for our galaxies in the X-ray catalog presented in
Nandra+ 2015, J/ApJS/220/10.
Finally, we used the spectroscopic redshifts compiled by
Stefanon+ 2017, J/ApJS/229/32, adding new sources published by the
MOSFIRE Deep Evolution Field (MOSDEF) team
(see Kriek+ 2015ApJS..218...15K 2015ApJS..218...15K) in their 2021 data release.
See Section 2.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ReadMe 80 . This file
table1.dat 126 138 Basic information about the sample of mid-IR
bright near-IR faint galaxies
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See also:
B/hst : HST Archived Exposures Catalog (STScI, 2007)
I/337 : Gaia DR1 (Gaia Collaboration, 2016)
J/MNRAS/338/508 : Phot+spectroscopy of UCM galaxies (Perez-Gonzalez+, 2003)
J/ApJ/622/772 : Redshift survey of submillimeter galaxies (Chapman+, 2005)
J/ApJ/675/234 : Stellar mass functions for z<4 gal. (Perez-Gonzalez+, 2008)
J/ApJS/193/30 : UV-to-FIR analysis of sources in the EGS. II. (Barro+, 2011)
J/A+A/533/A119 : GOODS-Herschel North and South catalogs (Elbaz+, 2011)
J/ApJS/207/24 : GOODS-S CANDELS multiwavelength catalog (Guo+, 2013)
J/ApJ/769/80 : Spitzer/IRAC observations of five deep fields (Ashby+, 2013)
J/ApJ/777/18 : Stellar mass functions of galaxies to z=4 (Muzzin+, 2013)
J/ApJ/788/125 : ALMA survey of ECDFS submillimeter galaxies (Simpson+, 2014)
J/ApJS/214/24 : 3D-HST+CANDELS catalog (Skelton+, 2014)
J/ApJS/218/33 : Spitzer-CANDELS catalog within 5 deep fields (Ashby+, 2015)
J/ApJS/220/10 : AEGIS-X Deep survey of EGS (AEGIS-XD) (Nandra+, 2015)
J/MNRAS/457/3743 : Massive quiescent galaxies SFHs (Dominguez Sanchez+, 2016)
J/MNRAS/459/1626 : HST Frontier Fields Herschel sources (Rawle+, 2016)
J/ApJ/820/83 : ALMA galaxies in the COSMOS survey field (Scoville+, 2016)
J/ApJS/229/32 : CANDELS: multiwavelength cat. in the EGS (Stefanon+, 2017)
J/MNRAS/464/3369 : SCUBA-2 EGS deep field (Zavala+, 2017)
J/ApJ/876/135 : 33 Optically faint galaxies (Alcalde Pampliega+, 2019)
J/ApJS/243/22 : CANDELS/SHARDS catalogs in GOODS-N (Barro+, 2019)
J/MNRAS/485/586 : Galaxy cluster core star formations (Rodriguez-Munoz+, 2019)
J/ApJ/901/74 : ALMA obs. of UDS & GOODS-S massive galaxies (Tadaki+, 2020)
J/A+A/664/A73 : Star-forming galaxies at 4.5 < z < 6.2 (Burgarella+, 2022)
J/A+A/685/A48 : JWST galaxy morphologies (Huertas-Company+, 2024)
J/A+A/691/A59 : Extreme emission-line galaxies at z∼4-9 (Llerena+, 2024)
J/A+A/691/A240 : ASTRODEEP-JWST photometry and redshifts (Merlin+, 2024)
J/AJ/168/113 : Massive galaxies at z>4 from JWST CEERS (Chworowsky+, 2024)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 12 A12 --- ID Galaxy identifier
14- 25 F12.8 deg RAdeg [214.7/215.1] Right Ascension (J2000)
27- 38 F12.8 deg DEdeg [52.8/53.1] Declination (J2000)
40- 44 F5.2 mag F356Wmag [21.32/27.6] JWST/NIRCam F356W magnitude
46- 49 F4.2 mag e_F356Wmag [0.03/0.2] Uncertainty in F356Wmag
51- 51 A1 --- l_F150W-F356W Limit flag on F150W-F356W
53- 56 F4.2 mag F150W-F356W [0.86/6.6] JWST/NIRCam F150W-F356W color
58- 61 F4.2 mag e_F150W-F356W [0.04/0.4]? Uncertainty in F150W-F356W
63- 66 F4.2 --- zphot [1.8/7.32] Photometric redshift based
on 2D maps
68- 71 F4.2 --- e_zphot [0/0.61] Lower uncertainty in z
73- 76 F4.2 --- E_zphot [0/1.3] Upper uncertainty in z
78- 82 F5.2 [Msun] logMstar [8.34/11.2] Log of stellar mass
84- 87 F4.2 [Msun] e_logMstar [0.01/0.5] Uncertainty in logMstar
89- 93 F5.2 [Msun/yr] logSFR [-2.6/3.1] Log of star formation rate
averaged over 10Myr
95- 98 F4.2 [Msun/yr] e_logSFR [0.01/0.1] Uncertainty in logSFR
100-126 A27 --- Comm Comment(s) (1)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): Comments include galaxy activity type (including
"QG"=quiescent/dormant, see Section 6.2.3) inferred from SED-fitting
based sSFR estimations (see text for details; we also mark quiescence
results based on the U V J diagram), and detection by MIPS, sub-mm,
and/or X-ray surveys).
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
History:
From electronic version of the journal
References:
Finkelstein et al. Paper I. 2023ApJ...946L..13F 2023ApJ...946L..13F
Kocevski et al. Paper II. 2023ApJ...946L..14K 2023ApJ...946L..14K
Kartaltepe et al. Paper III. 2023ApJ...946L..15K 2023ApJ...946L..15K
Perez-Gonzalez et al. Paper IV. 2023ApJ...946L..16P 2023ApJ...946L..16P This Catalog
Papovich et al. Paper V. 2023ApJ...949L..18P 2023ApJ...949L..18P
Yang et al. Paper VI. 2023ApJ...950L...5Y 2023ApJ...950L...5Y
Kirkpatrick et al. Paper VII. 2023ApJ...959L...7K 2023ApJ...959L...7K
Backhaus et al. Paper VIII. 2024ApJ...962..195B 2024ApJ...962..195B
Rose et al. Paper IX. 2024ApJ...976L...8R 2024ApJ...976L...8R
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 28-Feb-2025