J/ApJ/947/20 Color-selected quiescent galaxies at z>3 in JWST (Valentino+, 2023)
An atlas of color-selected quiescent galaxies at z>3 in public JWST fields.
Valentino F., Brammer G., Gould K.M.L., Kokorev V., Fujimoto S.,
Jespersen C.K., Vijayan A.P., Weaver J.R., Ito K., Tanaka M., Ilbert O.,
Magdis G.E., Whitaker K.E., Faisst A.L., Gallazzi A., Gillman S.,
Gimenez-Arteaga C., Gomez-Guijarro C., Kubo M., Heintz K.E.,
Hirschmann M., Oesch P., Onodera M., Rizzo F., Lee M., Strait V., Toft S.
<Astrophys. J., 947, 20 (2023)>
=2023ApJ...947...20V 2023ApJ...947...20V
ADC_Keywords: Galaxies, photometry; Redshifts; Colors; Optical; Infrared
Keywords: Galaxy evolution ; High-redshift galaxies ; Galaxy quenching ;
Quenched galaxies ; Post-starburst galaxies ; Surveys
Abstract:
We present the results of a systematic search for candidate quiescent
galaxies in the distant universe in 11 JWST fields with publicly
available observations collected during the first 3 months of
operations and covering an effective sky area of ∼145arcmin2. We
homogeneously reduce the new JWST data and combine them with existing
observations from the Hubble Space Telescope. We select a robust
sample of ∼80 candidate quiescent and quenching galaxies at 3<z<5
using two methods: (1) based on their rest-frame UVJ colors, and (2) a
novel quantitative approach based on Gaussian mixture modeling of the
near-UV-U, U-V, and V-J rest-frame color space, which is more
sensitive to recently quenched objects. We measure comoving number
densities of massive (M*≥1010.6M☉) quiescent galaxies
consistent with previous estimates relying on ground-based
observations, after homogenizing the results in the literature with
our mass and redshift intervals. However, we find significant
field-to-field variations of the number densities up to a factor of
2-3, highlighting the effect of cosmic variance and suggesting the
presence of overdensities of red quiescent galaxies at z>3, as could
be expected for highly clustered massive systems. Importantly, JWST
enables the robust identification of quenching/quiescent galaxy
candidates at lower masses and higher redshifts than before,
challenging standard formation scenarios.
Description:
We homogeneously process the publicly available JWST imaging obtained
with the NIRCam, NIRISS, and MIRI instruments in 11 fields targeted
during the first 3 months of operations. We further incorporate the
available optical and near-infrared data available in the Complete
Hubble Archive for Galaxy Evolution (CHArGE;
Kokorev+ 2022ApJS..263...38K 2022ApJS..263...38K). See Section 2.1. We provide further
details about the individual fields in Appendix A.
File Summary:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ReadMe 80 . This file
uvjgal.dat 451 109 UVJ-selected galaxies; see Section 3.1
(eazyoutputv4.0uvjselection3.0z6.5robust.fits)
sed_uvj/* . 251 Individual SED images of the UVJ-selected galaxy
candidates
uvjdiag/* . 251 Individual images of the UVJ-selected galaxy
candidate positions
gmmrob.dat 473 18 *NUV-U, U-V, V-J Gaussian mixture model (GMM) selected
galaxies; truly passive (PQ,50%≥0.7);
see Section 3.2
gmmprob.dat 481 50 *NUV-U, U-V, V-J Gaussian mixture model selected
galaxies with 0.1≤PQ,50%<0.7;
see Section 3.2
sed_nuvuvj/* . 91 Individual SED images of the NUVUVJ-selected galaxy
candidates
gmmdiag/* . 91 Individual images of the NUVUVJ-selected galaxy
candidate positions
match.dat 485 17 Sample selected by Carnall+ 2023MNRAS.520.3974C 2023MNRAS.520.3974C;
(eazyoutputmatchcarnall2022brammerv4.0_new.fits)
see Appendix B.4.
sed_c22/* . 17 Individual SED images of the NUVUVJ-selected galaxy
candidates in Carnall+ 2023MNRAS.520.3974C 2023MNRAS.520.3974C
c22diag/* . 17 Individual images of the NUVUVJ-selected galaxy
candidates in Carnall+ 2023MNRAS.520.3974C 2023MNRAS.520.3974C positions
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note on gmmrob.dat: This table is the equivalent of the FITS file
"eazyoutputv4.0nuvuvjselection3.0z6.5GMMrobustvisual.fits"
Note on gmmprob.dat: This table is the equivalent of the FITS file
"eazyoutputv4.0nuvuvjselection3.0z6.5GMMprobablevisual.fits"
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Description of files:
The four tables are available in their original FITS format as downloaded on:
http://zenodo.org/records/7614908
See also:
VII/233 : 2MASS All-Sky Extended Source Catalog (XSC) (IPAC/UMass, 2003-2006)
II/319 : UKIDSS-DR9 LAS, GCS and DXS Surveys (Lawrence+ 2012)
I/355 : Gaia DR3 Part 1. Main source (Gaia Collaboration, 2022)
J/AJ/131/1184 : A recalibration of optical phot. (Maiz-Apellaniz+, 2006)
J/ApJS/206/8 : COSMOS/UltraVISTA Ks-selected catalogs v4.1 (Muzzin+, 2013)
J/ApJS/214/24 : 3D-HST+CANDELS catalog (Skelton+, 2014)
J/ApJS/222/1 : Faint ALMA 1.2mm sources down to ∼0.02mJy (Fujimoto+, 2016)
J/ApJS/225/27 : 3D-HST Survey: grism spectra master cat. (Momcheva+, 2016)
J/MNRAS/465/1789 : SCUBA-2 Cosmology Legacy Survey (Geach+, 2017)
J/MNRAS/464/3369 : SCUBA-2 EGS deep field (Zavala+, 2017)
J/ApJS/235/36 : SPLASH-SXDF multi-wavelength photometric cat. (Mehta+, 2018)
J/A+A/618/A85 : Spectroscopy of 3<z<4 quiescent galaxies (Schreiber+ 2018)
J/A+A/611/A22 : Jekyll & Hyde galaxies ALMA cube & sp. (Schreiber+, 2018)
J/ApJ/884/85 : RELICS: Reionization Lensing Cluster Survey (Coe+, 2019)
J/MNRAS/490/3309 : Massive passive galaxies at the Cosmic Dawn (Merlin+, 2019)
J/MNRAS/487/4648 : ALMA survey of the SCUBA-2 UKIDSS/UDS field (Stach+, 2019)
J/MNRAS/496/695 : Timing the earliest quenching events (Carnall+, 2020)
J/MNRAS/494/3828 : ALMA survey of SCUBA-2 CLS UDS field (Dudzeviciute+, 2020)
J/ApJ/889/189 : Brightest high-z galaxies in RELICS clusters (Salmon+, 2020)
J/ApJ/897/44 : 3≤z≤5 galaxies cand. in CANDELS fields (Shahidi+, 2020)
J/ApJS/258/11 : The COSMOS2020 catalog (Weaver+, 2022)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: uvjgal.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 5 I5 --- ID [128/50654] Identifier (id)
7- 19 F13.9 deg RAdeg Right ascension (J2000) (ra)
21- 33 F13.9 deg DEdeg Declination (J2000) (dec)
35- 41 F7.5 --- zphot [2.4/5.6] Photometric redshift (z_phot)
43- 45 A3 --- Flag [UVJ] Flag (flag_selection)
47- 62 A16 --- Field Field identifier (field) (G1)
64- 68 F5.2 [Msun] logMs [8.4/11.7] log of stellar mass (logMstar)
70 I1 --- Strict [0/1] "strict" sample (Strict) (1)
72 I1 --- Padded [0/1] "padded" sample (Padded) (1)
74 I1 --- Std [0/1] "standard" sample (Standard) (1)
76- 221 A146 --- sw_thumb URL of the grizli SW cutout image (sw_thumb)
(G2)
223-368 A146 --- lw_thumb URL of the grizli LW cutout image (lw_thumb)
(G2)
370-403 A34 --- sedFile File name of the image in the
subdirectory "sed_uvj" (sed)
405-451 A47 --- UVJ File name of the position in the UVJ diagram
image (UVJ)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): The "strict" tag refers to 55/109 sources that fall in the classical
quiescent galaxy (QG) box, also accounting for their 1σ
uncertainties (34/109 without including the latter as in the
"standard" selection). The "padded" flag refers to 67/109 sources that
have nominal (i.e., without including uncertainties) colors within the
0.2mag padded locus of QGs. The overlapping sample comprises 51 galaxies.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: gmm*.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 5 I5 --- ID [185/49721] Identifier (id)
7- 19 F13.9 deg RAdeg Right ascension (J2000) (ra)
21- 33 F13.9 deg DEdeg Declination (J2000) (dec)
35- 41 F7.5 --- zphot [2.6/4.7] Photometric redshift (z_phot)
43- 48 A6 --- Flag [NUVUVJ] Flag (flag_selection)
50- 65 A16 --- Field Field identifier (field) (G1)
67- 71 F5.2 [Msun] logMs [8.5/11.4] Log of stellar mass (logMstar)
73- 77 F5.3 --- pQ16 [0/0.93] Probability of being quiescent,
PQ, 16th percentile (pq_16)
79- 83 F5.3 --- pQ50 [0.1/0.98] Probability of being quiescent,
PQ, 50th percentile (pq_50)
85- 89 F5.3 --- pQ84 [0.1/0.99] Probability of being quiescent,
PQ, 84th percentile (pq_84)
91- 95 F5.3 --- pQnom [0.1/1] Nominal probability of being
quiescent, PQ (pq_nominal)
97-242 A146 --- sw_thumb URL of the grizli SW cutout image (sw_thumb)
(G2)
244-389 A146 --- lw_thumb URL of the grizli LW cutout image (lw_thumb)
(G2)
391-427 A37 --- sedFile File name of the image in the
subdirectory "sed_nuvuvj" (sed)
429-481 A53 --- NUVUVJ File name of the position in the NUVUVJ
diagram image (NUVUVJ)
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: match.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 5 I5 --- ID [2718/15782] Identifier (id)
7- 19 F13.9 deg RAdeg Right ascension (J2000) (ra)
21- 33 F13.9 deg DEdeg Declination (J2000) (dec)
35- 41 F7.5 --- zphot [3.1/5] Photometric redshift (z_phot)
43- 47 F5.2 [Msun] logMs [9.86/11.4] Log of stellar mass (logMstar)
49- 57 E9.4 --- pQ16 Probability of being quiescent, PQ, 16th
percentile (pq_16)
59- 67 E9.4 --- pQ50 Probability of being quiescent, PQ, 50th
percentile (pq_50)
69- 77 E9.4 --- pQ84 Probability of being quiescent, PQ, 84th
percentile (pq_84)
79- 87 E9.4 --- pQnom Nominal probability of being quiescent,
PQ (pq_nominal)
89- 94 I6 --- [CMM2023] [17318/101962] Carnall+ 2023MNRAS.520.3974C 2023MNRAS.520.3974C
(C23) identifier (id_carnall)
96- 99 F4.2 --- zphotC23 [3.2/4.8] C23 photometric redshift
(zphot_carnall)
101- 105 F5.2 [Msun] logMsC23 [9.79/11.31] C23 log of stellar mass
(logMstar_carnall)
107 I1 --- RobC23 [0/1] C23 robust sample (robust_carnall)
109- 253 A145 --- sw_thumb URL of the grizli SW cutout image (sw_thumb)
(G1)
255- 399 A145 --- lw_thumb URL of the grizli LW cutout image (lw_thumb)
(G1)
401- 434 A34 --- sedFile File name of the image in the
subdirectory "sed_c22" (sed)
436- 485 A50 --- NUVUVJ File name of the position in the NUVUVJ
diagram image (NUVUVJ)
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Global notes:
Note (G1): Observed fields with JWST/NIRCam as described in Table 1:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Field RAdeg DEdeg Area HST Alternative name
(arcmin2)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
CEERS 214.88598 52.89500 34.7 Yes
QUINTET 339.00057 33.95996 35.0 No Stephan's Quintet
PRIMER 34.37792 -5.14717 21.9 Yes
NEP 260.73773 65.78167 9.7 Yes JWST-NEP-TDF-NRC
J1235 188.96741 4.92465 9.0 No
GLASS 3.50145 -30.33612 8.5 Yes
SUNRISE 24.34743 -8.43215 7.3 Yes
SMACS 110.75478 -73.46788 6.5 Yes SMACS 0723
SGAS1723 260.91450 34.19371 5.3 Yes
SPT0418 64.66113 -47.87526 5.0 No
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (G2): The JWST and HST image mosaics created with GRIZLI are stored
on the Electronic Research Data Archive at the University of
Copenhagen (Brammer 2023;
doi: 10.17894/UCPH.E3D897AF-233A-4F01-A893-7B0FAD1F66C2).
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History:
Data downloaded from http://zenodo.org/records/7614908
(End) G. Monari, E. Perret [CDS] 22-Apr-2025