J/ApJ/950/125 SHARDS/CANDELS faint galaxies in GOODS-N (Merida+, 2023)
Probing the star formation main sequence down to 108M☉ at 1.0<z<3.0.
Merida R.M., Perez-Gonzalez P.G., Sanchez-Blazquez P.,
Garcia-Argumanez A., Annunziatella M., Costantin L., Lumbreras-Calle A.,
Alcalde-Pampliega B., Barro G., Espino-Briones N., Koekemoer A.M.
<Astrophys. J., 950, 125 (2023)>
=2023ApJ...950..125M 2023ApJ...950..125M
ADC_Keywords: Photometry, HST; Optical; Infrared; Galaxy catalogs;
Redshifts; Colors; Extinction; Abundances
Keywords: High-redshift galaxies ; Dwarf galaxies ; Galaxy formation ;
Galaxy evolution ; Galaxies ; Star formation ; Catalogs
Abstract:
We investigate the star formation main sequence (MS; SFR-M*) down to
108-9M☉ using a sample of 34061 newly discovered ultrafaint
(27mag≲i≲30mag) galaxies at 1<z<3 detected in the GOODS-N field.
Virtually none of these galaxies are contained in previous public
catalogs, effectively doubling the number of known sources in the
field. The sample was constructed by stacking the optical broadband
observations taken by the HST/GOODS-CANDELS surveys, as well as the
25 ultradeep medium-band images gathered by the GTC/SHARDS project.
Our sources are faint (average observed magnitudes ∼28.2 and
∼27.9mag), blue (UV slope <β≳-1.9), star-forming (rest-frame
colors <U-V≳0.10 and <V-J≳0.17mag) galaxies. These observational
characteristics are identified with young (mass-weighted age
<tM-w≳0.014Gyr) stellar populations subject to low attenuations
(<A(V)≳0.30mag). Our sample allows us to probe the MS down to
108.0M☉ at z=1 and 108.5M☉ at z=3, around 0.6dex
deeper than previous analyses. In the low-mass galaxy regime, we find
an average value for the slope of 0.97 at 1<z<2 and 1.12 at 2<z<3.
Nearly 60% of our sample presents stellar masses in the range
106-8M☉ at 1<z<G 3. If the slope of the MS remained constant
in this regime, the sources populating the low-mass tail of our sample
would qualify as starburst galaxies.
Description:
We base this work on the analysis of the CANDELS HST images combined
with the 10.4m Gran Telescopio de Canarias (GTC) ultradeep imaging
data from the Survey for High-z Absorption Red and Dead Sources
(SHARDS; Perez-Gonzalez+ 2013, J/ApJ/762/46).
We use version v3.0 of the mosaics provided by the GOODS HST/ACS
Treasury Program (Giavalisco+ 2004, II/261; Grogin+
2011ApJS..197...35G 2011ApJS..197...35G; Koekemoer+ 2011ApJS..197...36K 2011ApJS..197...36K) and the v1.0 data
release for the WFC3/IR bands. The HST imaging reaches limiting
magnitudes that range from 27.4 to 28.1mag with a point-spread
function (PSF) FWHM that ranges from 0.1" to 0.2".
SHARDS and SHARDS Frontier Fields (SHARDS-FF; Hernan-Caballero+
2017ApJ...849...82H 2017ApJ...849...82H; Griffiths+ 2021MNRAS.508.3860G 2021MNRAS.508.3860G) are two large
programs carried out using the OSIRIS (Cepa 1998) instrument to image
the GOODS-N field and the MACS 1149 and A370 cluster fields,
respectively, with 25 contiguous, medium-band filters (∼15-16nm wide,
except for two of the reddest ones). These data cover the spectral
range between 0.5 and 0.95um.
Additionally, we complement the HST and GTC data sets with NIR
observations from the Wide-field InfraRed Camera (WIRCAM) at the
Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope (CFHT; K band; Hsu+ 2019, J/ApJ/871/233),
Spitzer/IRAC (3.6, 4.5, 5.8, and 8.0um bands;
Dickinson+ 2003sptz.prop..196D; Ashby+ 2013, J/ApJ/769/80), and U, B
images from SUBARU (Capak+ 2004, J/AJ/127/180).
For the calculation of star formation rates (SFRs), we also take into
account measurements from the Spitzer/MIPS 24 and 70um mosaics
presented in Perez-Gonzalez+ (2008, J/ApJ/675/234), the Herschel PACS
100 and 160um, and the SPIRE 250, 350, and 500um catalogs described in
Elbaz+ (2011, J/A+A/533/A119) and Magnelli+ (2013A&A...553A.132M 2013A&A...553A.132M).
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table3.dat 327 34061 SHARDS/CANDELS faint catalog
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See also:
II/261 : GOODS initial results (Giavalisco+, 2004)
II/319 : UKIDSS-DR9 LAS, GCS and DXS Surveys (Lawrence+ 2012)
J/AJ/127/180 : The Hawaii Hubble Deep Field North (Capak+, 2004)
J/ApJ/675/234 : Stellar mass functions for z<4 gal. (Perez-Gonzalez+, 2008)
J/A+A/498/13 : Lyman-α emitters from redshifts z∼2-3 (Nilsson+, 2009)
J/MNRAS/401/1521 : Stellar masses of Lyman break gal. at z∼3 (Magdis+, 2010)
J/ApJS/193/30 : UV-to-FIR analysis of sources in the EGS. II. (Barro+, 2011)
J/A+A/533/A119 : GOODS-Herschel North and South catalogs (Elbaz+, 2011)
J/ApJ/735/86 : NEWFIRM MBS: photometric catalogs (Whitaker+, 2011)
J/ApJ/744/44 : Hα and UV fluxes in nearby galaxies (Weisz+, 2012)
J/ApJ/769/80 : Spitzer/IRAC observations of five deep fields (Ashby+, 2013)
J/ApJS/206/10 : CANDELS multiwavelength catalog (Galametz+, 2013)
J/ApJS/207/24 : GOODS-S CANDELS multiwavelength catalog (Guo+, 2013)
J/ApJ/777/18 : Stellar mass functions of galaxies to z=4 (Muzzin+, 2013)
J/ApJ/762/46 : SHARDS: GOODS-N spectrophot. survey (Perez-Gonzalez+, 2013)
J/ApJ/772/48 : Emission-line galaxies from PEARS. II. (Pirzkal+, 2013)
J/MNRAS/428/1128 : UDS/COSMOS HiZELS galaxies (Sobral+, 2013)
J/ApJS/214/24 : 3D-HST+CANDELS catalog (Skelton+, 2014)
J/ApJ/803/34 : z∼4-10 galaxies from HST legacy fields (Bouwens+, 2015)
J/ApJ/810/71 : UV mag of cand. galaxies at 3~<z~<8.5 (Finkelstein+, 2015)
J/MNRAS/457/3743 : Massive quiescent galaxies SFHs (Dominguez Sanchez+, 2016)
J/ApJ/817/118 : SFR-M* relation from ZFOURGE (Tomczak+, 2016)
J/ApJS/228/7 : Multi-wavelength data in CANDELS COSMOS (Nayyeri+, 2017)
J/ApJS/229/32 : CANDELS: multiwavelength cat. in the EGS (Stefanon+, 2017)
J/MNRAS/478/3740 : High-z LAEs and LBGs in SHARDS survey (Arrabal Haro+, 2018)
J/ApJ/854/29 : High-EW [OIII] and Ha emitters from 3D-HST (Maseda+, 2018)
J/ApJ/876/135 : 33 Optically faint galaxies (Alcalde Pampliega+, 2019)
J/A+A/630/A153 : SEDs & templates of LBGs at z∼3 (Alvarez-Marquez+, 2019)
J/ApJS/243/22 : CANDELS/SHARDS in GOODS-N (Barro+, 2019)
J/ApJ/871/233 : Photometric redshifts in the EGOODS-North field (Hsu+, 2019)
J/ApJ/929/121 : Bulge & disk data from SHARDS & HST (Costantin+, 2022)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table3.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 22 A22 --- ID Catalog identifier
24- 26 A3 --- --- [RMM]
28- 52 A25 --- RMM IAU position-based designation
(Jddd.dddddddd+dd.dddddddd)
54- 65 F12.8 deg RAdeg [188.94/189.52] Right Ascension (J2000)
67- 78 F12.8 deg DEdeg [62/62.4] Declination (J2000)
80- 83 F4.2 --- zph [0.01/7] Photometric redshift
85- 88 F4.1 mag imag [23.5/29.6]? Aparent AB magnitude in i band
(HST F775W); "inf" values have been set
to NULL by CDS
90- 93 F4.1 mag b_imag ? Lower limit for imag
95- 98 F4.1 mag B_imag ? Upper limit for imag
100- 103 F4.1 mag Hmag [23.4/29.8]? Aparent AB magnitude in H band
(HST F160W); "inf" values have been set
to NULL by CDS
105- 108 F4.1 mag b_Hmag ? Lower limit for Hmag
110- 113 F4.1 mag B_Hmag ? Upper limit for Hmag
115- 116 I2 --- Ndet [4/47] Number of bands with detections
117 A1 --- --- [/]
118- 119 I2 --- Nupl [0/43] Number of upper limits
121- 124 F4.1 [Msun] logM [1.5/13.3] Decimal log of the stellar mass
126- 129 F4.1 [Msun] b_logM [1.2/13.2] Lower limit for the decimal log
of the stellar mass
131- 134 F4.1 [Msun] B_logM [1.8/13.3] Upper limit for the decimal log
of the stellar mass
136- 143 F8.3 Msun/yr SFR [0/6683] Star formation rate (280nm)
145- 154 F10.3 Msun/yr b_SFR [-10694/1842] Lower limit for the star
formation rate (280nm)
156- 164 F9.3 Msun/yr B_SFR [0.01/24058] Upper limit for the star
formation rate (280nm)
166- 170 F5.2 mag U-V [-0.81/3.27] U-V color
172- 176 F5.2 mag b_U-V [-2.5/3.1] Lower limit for U-V
178- 182 F5.2 mag B_U-V [-0.7/5.42] Upper limit for U-V
184- 188 F5.2 mag V-J [-0.93/2.77] V-J color
190- 194 F5.2 mag b_V-J [-2.8/2.6] Lower limit for V-J
196- 200 F5.2 mag B_V-J [-0.8/6.2] Upper limit for V-J
202- 205 F4.1 --- beta [-2.9/1] UV-continuum slope
207- 214 F8.1 --- b_beta [-47892/1] Lower limit for the UV-continuum
slope
216- 222 F7.1 --- B_beta [-2.9/47887] Upper limit for the
UV-continuum slope
224- 227 F4.2 mag Av-beta [0/3.33] A(V) extinction extracted from the
UV-continuum slope
229- 232 F4.2 mag b_Av-beta [0/1.34] Lower limit for the A(V) extinction
extracted from the UV-continuum slope
234- 237 F4.2 mag B_Av-beta [0/5.93] Upper limit for the A(V) extinction
extracted from the UV-continuum slope
239- 242 F4.2 mag Av [0/2] A(V) extinction derived from the SED
full spectral fitting
244- 247 F4.2 mag b_Av [0/1.96] Lower limit for the A(V) extinction
derived from the SED full spectral fitting
249- 252 F4.2 mag B_Av [0.01/2.82] Upper limit for the A(V)
extinction derived from the SED full
spectral fitting
254- 259 F6.3 Gyr t0 [0.001/12.2] Age
261- 266 F6.3 Gyr b_t0 [-1.3/11] Lower limit for the age
268- 273 F6.3 Gyr B_t0 [0.001/13.5] Upper limit for the age
275- 278 I4 Myr tau [100/1000] Star formation timescale
280- 283 I4 Myr b_tau [-297/990] Lower limit for the star
formation timescale
285- 288 I4 Myr B_tau [110/1330] Upper limit for the star
formation timescale
290- 295 F6.3 Gyr tmw [0/12.1] Mass-weighted age
297- 302 F6.3 Gyr b_tmw [-1.4/10.8] Lower limit for the
mass-weighted age
304- 309 F6.3 Gyr B_tmw [0/13.3] Upper limit for the mass-weighted
age
311- 315 F5.3 Sun Z [0.02/1] Metallicity
317- 321 F5.3 Sun b_Z [0.02/0.4] Lower limit for the metallicity
323- 327 F5.3 Sun B_Z [0.2/1] Upper limit for the metallicity
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 04-Aug-2025