J/ApJ/950/17 Type Ia SN2016ije photometry and sp. follow-up (Li+, 2023)
SN 2016ije: an SN 2002es-like Type Ia supernova exploded in a metal-poor and
low-surface brightness galaxy.
Li Z., Zhang T., Wang X., Zhang J., Galbany L., Filippenko A.V.,
Brink T.G., Ashall C., Zheng W., de Jaeger T., Ragosta F., Deckers M.,
Gromadzki M., Young D.R., Xi G., Chen J., Zhao X., Sai H., Yan S.,
Xiang D., Chen Z., Li W., Wang Bo, Zou Hu, Sui J., Wang J., Ma J., Nie J.,
Xue S., Zhou Xu, Zhou Z.
<Astrophys. J., 950, 17 (2023)>
=2023ApJ...950...17L 2023ApJ...950...17L
ADC_Keywords: Supernovae; Photometry, UBVRI; Spectra, optical; Spectra, infrared
Keywords: Supernovae ; Type Ia supernovae
Abstract:
We have conducted photometric and spectroscopic observations of the
peculiar Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) 2016ije that was discovered through
the Tsinghua-NAOC Transient Survey. This peculiar object exploded in
the outskirts of a metal-poor, low-surface brightness galaxy (i.e.,
Mg=-14.5mag). Our photometric analysis reveals that SN 2016ije is
subluminous (MB,max=-17.65±0.06mag) but exhibits relatively broad
light curves (Δm15(B)=1.35±0.14mag), similar to the behavior
of SN 2002es. Our analysis of the bolometric light curve indicates
that only 0.14±0.04M☉ of 56Ni was synthesized in the
explosion of SN 2016ije, which suggests a less energetic thermonuclear
explosion when compared to normal SNe Ia, and this left a considerable
amount of unburned materials in the ejecta. Spectroscopically,
SN2016ije resembles other SN 2002es-like SNe Ia, except that the
ejecta velocity inferred from its carbon absorption line (∼4500km/s)
is much lower than that from silicon lines (∼8300km/s) at around the
maximum light. Additionally, most of the absorption lines are broader
than other 02es-like SNe Ia. These peculiarities suggest the presence
of significant unburned carbon in the inner region and a wide
line-forming region along the line of sight. These characteristics
suggest that SN 2016ije might originate from the violent merger of a
white dwarf binary system, when viewed near an orientation along the
iron-group-element cavity caused by the companion star.
Description:
SN 2016ije was discovered on 2016 November 22.71 by the 0.6m Schmidt
telescope in the course of the THU-NAOC Transient Survey (TNTS).
One day after the discovery, an optical spectrum was taken with the
Lijiang 2.4m telescope (LJT) of Yunnan Observatories (YNAO), which was
used to classify SN 2016ije as a peculiar SN Ia
(Zhang+ 2016ATel.9790....1Z 2016ATel.9790....1Z).
After the discovery, we performed follow-up optical and near-infrared
(NIR) observations of SN 2016ije on several facilities.
The optical photometry (BVRI) was obtained mainly by the 0.8m
Tsinghua-NAOC Telescope (TNT) that is located at Xinglong Observatory
of NAOC.
Some UBVRI-band photometry was obtained by the Lijiang 2.4m Telescope
(LJT).
Some BVRIJHK-band photometry was also obtained through the PESSTO
project (Smartt+ 2015, J/A+A/579/A40), with the EFOSC and SOFI mounted
on the New Technology Telescope (NTT) at La Silla Observatory.
Eleven spectra of SN 2016ije were collected with the NTT, LJT, and
Xinglong 2.16m Telescope (XLT), including 10 optical spectra and one
NIR spectrum. The spectroscopic observations covered phases from
t~-0.9 to +54.4d with respect to peak brightness.
In addition, one optical spectrum was obtained with the Kast
spectrograph on the 3m Shane reflector at Lick Observatory at
t∼6.2days.
To determine the redshift of the faint host galaxy of SN 2016ije, we
used Keck II + DEIMOS to take a spectrum of SDSS J015830.25+125528.1
on 2017 October 14.59. See Section 2.3.
Objects:
----------------------------------------------------------
RA (ICRS) DE Designation(s)
----------------------------------------------------------
01 58 30.33 +12 55 27.9 SN 2016ije = SN 2016ije
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File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table1.dat 93 42 Optical photometric observations of SN 2016ije
table2.dat 69 6 NIR photometric observations of SN 2016ije
table3.dat 59 13 Journal of spectroscopic observations of SN 2016ije
fig7.dat 38 18789 Optical spectral evolution of SN 2016ije
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See also:
III/286 : APOGEE-2 DR17 final allStar catalog (Abdurro'uf+, 2022)
J/AJ/130/873 : BQS objects in the SDSS DR3 area (Jester+, 2005)
J/MNRAS/376/1301 : UBVRI light-curves of SN 2005cf (Pastorello+, 2007)
J/ApJ/699/L139 : Spectral parameters of SNe Ia (Wang+, 2009)
J/ApJS/190/418 : Light curves for 165 SNe (Ganeshalingam+, 2010)
J/MNRAS/412/1441 : SNe luminosity functions (Li+, 2011)
J/other/Sci/340.170 : Classifications of 188 SNe Ia (Wang+, 2013)
J/A+A/568/A22 : Joint analysis of SDSS-II and SNLS SNe Ia (Betoule+, 2014)
J/A+A/579/A40 : PESSTO catalog (Smartt+, 2015)
J/A+A/630/A76 : SN2016hnk photometry and spectroscopy (Galbany+, 2019)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 4 I4 yr Obs.Y [2016/2017] Year of the observation
6- 8 A3 "month" Obs.M Month of the observation
10- 11 I2 d Obs.D Day of the observation
13- 21 F9.3 d MJD [57715.6/57778.5] Modified Julian Date of
the observation
23- 26 F4.1 --- Phase [-0.9/61.9] Phase (G1)
28- 32 F5.2 mag Umag [17.84/19.51]? Apparent U band Vega magnitude
34- 37 F4.2 mag e_Umag [0.02/0.03]? Uncertainty in Umag
39- 44 F6.3 mag Bmag [18.14/20.4]? Apparent B band Vega magnitude
46- 50 F5.3 mag e_Bmag [0.02/0.4]? Uncertainty in Bmag
52- 57 F6.3 mag Vmag [17.57/19.55]? Apparent V band Vega magnitude
59- 63 F5.3 mag e_Vmag [0.017/0.74]? Uncertainty in Vmag
65- 70 F6.3 mag Rmag [17.49/19.35]? Apparent R band Vega magnitude
72- 76 F5.3 mag e_Rmag [0.019/0.43]? Uncertainty in Rmag
78- 83 F6.3 mag Imag [17.46/19.16]? Apparent I band Vega magnitude
85- 89 F5.3 mag e_Imag [0.02/0.35]? Uncertainty in Imag
91- 93 A3 --- Tel Telescope code (1)
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Note (1): Telescope as follows:
TNT = The 0.8m Tsinghua-NAOC Telescope;
LJT = The Lijiang 2.4m Telescope.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table2.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 11 A11 "Y/M/D" Date Date of the observation (UT)
13- 21 F9.3 d MJD [57719/57772.1] Modified Julian Date of the
observation
23- 26 F4.1 --- Phase [2.4/55.5] Orbital phase (G1)
28- 33 F6.3 mag Jmag [17.4/19.7] J-band magnitude
35- 39 F5.3 mag e_Jmag [0.2/0.4] Uncertainty on the Jmag
41- 46 F6.3 mag Hmag [17.2/19.3]? H-band magnitude
48- 52 F5.3 mag e_Hmag [0.2/0.4]? Uncertainty on the Hmag
54- 59 F6.3 mag Kmag [17.2/19.3]? K band magnitude
61- 65 F5.3 mag e_Kmag [0.2/0.5]? Uncertainty on the Kmag
67- 69 A3 --- Tel Telescope (always "NTT"= the New Technology
Telescope)
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table3.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 11 A11 "Y/M/D" Date Date of observation (UT)
13- 19 F7.1 d MJD [57715.7/58040.6] Modified Julian Date
21- 24 F4.1 --- Phase [-0.9/54.4]? Orbital phase (G1)
25 A1 --- f_Phase c=spectrum of the host galaxy
27- 30 I4 0.1nm lam1 [3300/9400] Wavelength lower range in Ansgstom
31 A1 --- --- [-]
32- 36 I5 0.1nm lam2 [8800/16400] Wavelength upper range in Angstrom
38- 41 F4.2 0.1nm Res [0.65/6.9] Approximate spectral resolution
(FWHM) in Angstrom
43- 56 A14 --- Inst Telescope and instrument (1)
58- 59 A2 --- Flag [sp] sp: spectra available in fig7.dat;
column added by CDS
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Note (1): Instrument as follows:
NTT EFOSC = the New Technology Telescope at La Silla Observatory
with the ESO Faint Object Spectrograph and Camera
NTT SOFI = the New Technology Telescope at La Silla Observatory
with the Son OF ISAAC infrared imager/spectrometer
LJT YFOSC = the Lijiang 2.4m telescope of Yunnan Observatories (YNAO)
with the Yunnan Faint Object Spectrograph and Camera
XLT BFOSC = the Xinglong 2.16m Telescope
with the Beijing Faint Object Spectrograph and Camera
Keck II+DEIMOS = The Keck II telescope
with the Deep Extragalactic Imaging Multi-Object Spectrograph
Lick Kast = the Shane 3m telescope at Lick Observatory
with the Kast double Spectrograph
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: fig7.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 6 F6.1 d Phase [-0.9/54.4] Phase, as in Table 3 (G1)
8- 17 F10.4 0.1nm lambda [3334.7/10450] Wavelength; Angstroms
19- 28 E10.3 cW/m2/nm Flux [-0.07/0.31] Observed flux;
erg/s/cm2/Angstroms
30- 38 E9.3 cW/m2/nm e_Flux [1.5e-18/0.2]? Uncertainty in Flux
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Global notes:
Note (G1): Relative to the epoch of B-band maximum (MJD=57716.6) in the frame
of the observer.
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 28-Jul-2025