J/ApJ/952/131 Magnetic activity evol. of solar-like stars. I. (Mathur+, 2023)
Magnetic activity evolution of solar-like stars.
I. Sph-age relation derived from Kepler observations.
Mathur S., Claytor Z.R., Santos A.R.G., Garcia R.A., Amard L., Bugnet L.,
Corsaro E., Bonanno A., Breton S.N., Godoy-Rivera D., Pinsonneault M.H.,
van Saders J.
<Astrophys. J., 952, 131 (2023)>
=2023ApJ...952..131M 2023ApJ...952..131M
ADC_Keywords: Asteroseismology; Stars, G-type; Stars, ages; Stars, masses;
Stars, diameters; Optical
Keywords: Asteroseismology ; Magnetic variable stars ; Stellar ages ;
Stellar rotation
Abstract:
The ages of solar-like stars have been at the center of many studies
such as exoplanet characterization or Galactic-archeology. While ages
are usually computed from stellar evolution models, relations linking
ages to other stellar properties, such as rotation and magnetic
activity, have been investigated. With the large catalog of
55232 rotation periods, Prot, and photometric magnetic activity index,
Sph from Kepler data, we have the opportunity to look for such
magneto-gyro-chronology relations. Stellar ages are obtained with two
stellar evolution codes that include treatment of angular momentum
evolution, hence using Prot as input in addition to classical
atmospheric parameters. We explore two different ways of predicting
stellar ages on three subsamples with spectroscopic observations:
solar analogs, late-F and G dwarfs, and K dwarfs. We first perform a
Bayesian analysis to derive relations between Sph and ages between
1 and 5Gyr, and other stellar properties. For late-F and G dwarfs, and
K dwarfs, the multivariate regression favors the model with Prot and
Sph with median differences of 0.1% and 0.2%, respectively. We also
apply Machine Learning techniques with a Random Forest algorithm to
predict ages up to 14Gyr with the same set of input parameters. For
late-F, G and K dwarfs together, predicted ages are on average within
5.3% of the model ages and improve to 3.1% when including Prot. These
are very promising results for a quick age estimation for solar-like
stars with photometric observations, especially with current and
future space missions.
Description:
The most recent catalog of surface rotation periods inferred from
Kepler observations (Santos+ 2019, J/ApJS/244/21 and 2021, J/ApJS/255/17)
yielded a sample of 55232 solar-like stars on the main sequence as
well as subgiants with rotation measurements. See Section 2.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table1.dat 140 55232 *Input parameters for modeling (Teff, Lstar, [Fe/H])
and resulting stellar fundamental parameters
(logg, Mstar, Rstar, Age, Equivalent Evolutionary
Phase) from kiauhoku
table3.dat 33 40668 Masses and ages computed with STAREVOL as described
in Section 4.2.
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Note on table1.dat: We fit stellar evolution models to observational data using
the interpolation and Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) tools in
kiauhoku (Claytor+ 2020, J/ApJ/888/43 & 2020ascl.soft11027C).
See Section 3.
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See also:
V/133 : Kepler Input Catalog (Kepler Mission Team, 2009)
IV/34 : K2 Ecliptic Plane Input Catalog (EPIC) (Huber+, 2017)
I/345 : Gaia DR2 (Gaia Collaboration, 2018)
V/154 : Sloan Digital Sky Surveys (SDSS), Release 16 (DR16) (Ahumada+, 2020)
I/355 : Gaia DR3 Part 1. Main source (Gaia Collaboration, 2022)
I/357 : Gaia DR3 Part 3. Non-single stars (Gaia Collaboration, 2022)
J/ApJ/687/1264 : Age estimation for solar-type dwarfs (Mamajek+, 2008)
J/AJ/142/112 : KIC photometric calibration (Brown+, 2011)
J/A+A/543/A108 : Grid of stellar models, asteroseismology (Lagarde+, 2012)
J/ApJ/749/152 : Asteroseismic data of 22 solar-type stars (Mathur+, 2012)
J/A+A/551/L8 : Chromospheric activity of field stars (Pace, 2013)
J/ApJ/776/67 : Rotational tracks (van Saders+, 2013)
J/A+A/572/A34 : Pulsating solar-like stars in Kepler (Garcia+, 2014)
J/ApJS/211/2 : Stellar properties of Q1-16 Kepler targets (Huber+, 2014)
J/A+A/569/A21 : Age & mass of CoRoT exoplanet host HD 52265 (Lebreton, 2014)
J/MNRAS/444/3517 : BCool survey of solar-type stars (Marsden+ 2014)
J/ApJS/211/24 : Rotation periods of Kepler MS stars (McQuillan+, 2014)
J/MNRAS/441/2361 : Stellar magnetism, age and rotation (Vidotto+, 2014)
J/ApJ/801/3 : Rotation periods for Q3-Q14 KOIs (Mazeh+, 2015)
J/MNRAS/452/2127 : Parameters of Kepler stars (Silva Aguirre+, 2015)
J/A+A/605/A111 : Surface rotation of Kepler red giant stars (Ceillier+, 2017)
J/A+A/601/A67 : Kepler solar-type stars modeling (Creevey+, 2017)
J/ApJS/229/30 : Stellar properties of Q1-17 Kepler targets (Mathur+, 2017)
J/ApJS/233/23 : APOKASC cat. of KIC dwarfs and subgiants (Serenelli+, 2017)
J/ApJ/835/173 : Kepler asteroseismic LEGACY. II. (Silva Aguirre+, 2017)
J/ApJ/861/149 : Kepler Follow-up Obs. Program. II. Spectro. (Furlan+, 2018)
J/A+A/619/A73 : Twins age-chromospheric activity (Lorenzo-Oliveira+, 2018)
J/ApJS/237/17 : Temporal frequency shifts in 87 Kepler stars (Santos+, 2018)
J/A+A/631/A77 : Low-mass stellar models and isochrones (Amard+, 2019)
J/A+A/623/A108 : Age of 269 GDR2 open clusters (Bossini+, 2019)
J/ApJ/879/49 : Rot. periods for Gaia members of NGC 6811 (Curtis+, 2019)
J/ApJS/244/21 : Surface rot. & activity of Kepler stars. I. (Santos+, 2019)
J/MNRAS/499/3481 : Metallicity and rotation in the Kepler field (Amard+, 2020)
J/AJ/159/280 : Gaia-Kepler stellar properties cat. I. KIC (Berger+, 2020)
J/ApJ/888/43 : APOGEE-Kepler Cool Dwarf star ages (Claytor+, 2020)
J/ApJ/904/140 : Rot. data for six clusters (Curtis+, 2020)
J/ApJ/900/154 : Mount Wilson S-Index of 94 Aqr A & B (Metcalfe+, 2020)
J/ApJS/251/15 : LAMOST-Kepler/K2 survey (LK-MRS) 1st year obs. (Zong+, 2020)
J/ApJS/257/46 : Membership and rot. data for clusters (Godoy-Rivera+, 2021)
J/other/NatAs/5.707 : Dwarf stars asteroseismic rotation rates (Hall+, 2021)
J/AJ/161/189 : Gyro-kinematic ages for ∼30000 Kepler stars (Lu+, 2021)
J/ApJS/255/17 : Surface rot. & activity from Kepler. II. (Santos+, 2021)
J/ApJ/938/118 : CFHT obs. of M67 & members from Gaia EDR3 (Dungee+, 2022)
J/A+A/657/A31 : Solar-like oscillations in Kepler DR25 (Mathur+, 2022)
J/A+A/674/A10 : Gaia DR3 systems with companions (Holl+, 2023)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 8 I8 --- KIC [757099/12984183] Kepler Input Catalog
identifier
10- 14 I5 K Teff [2500/11735] Stellar effective temperature
16- 19 I4 K e_Teff [75/2017] Uncertainty on Teff
21- 28 F8.3 Lsun Lstar [-2.8/2.2]?=-999 Luminosity
30- 37 F8.3 Lsun e_Lstar [0.005/1.4]?=-999 Uncertainty on Lstar
39- 44 F6.3 [Sun] Fe/H [-2.2/0.6] Metallicity
46- 50 F5.3 [Sun] e_Fe/H [0.1/0.8] Uncertainty on Fe/H
52- 56 F5.3 [cm/s2] logg [1.6/5.4] Log, surface gravity
58- 62 F5.3 [cm/s2] E_logg [0.001/1.5] Upper uncertainty on logg
64- 68 F5.3 [cm/s2] e_logg [0.001/1.5] Lower uncertainty on logg
70- 73 F4.2 Msun Mstar [0.3/2] Mass
75- 78 F4.2 Msun E_Mstar [0/1.6] Upper uncertainty on Mstar
80- 83 F4.2 Msun e_Mstar [0/1.2] Lower uncertainty on Mstar
85- 88 F4.2 Rsun Rstar [0.3/7.5] Radius
90- 93 F4.2 Rsun E_Rstar [0/4] Upper uncertainty on Rstar
95- 98 F4.2 Rsun e_Rstar [0/5.5] Lower uncertainty on Rstar
100- 104 F5.2 Gyr Age [0.02/34.6] Age
106- 110 F5.2 Gyr E_Age [0.0/17.71] Upper uncertainty on Age
112- 116 F5.2 Gyr e_Age [0.0/12.65] Lower uncertainty on Age
118- 122 F5.1 --- EEP [202.4/580.8] Equivalent Evolutionary Phase
124- 129 F6.1 --- RUWE [0.7/73.5]?=-999 Gaia DR3 RUWE
131 A1 --- flSp Flag, origin of the atmospheric parameters (1)
133- 136 I4 --- flKOI [-999/1]? Flag, KOI (2)
138 I1 --- flBin [0/3]? Flag, potential binaries (3)
140 I1 --- flag [0/1] flag (4)
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Note (1): Origin of the atmospheric parameters as follows:
0 = CFOP; the Kepler Community Follow-up Observation Program
(Furlan+ 2018, J/ApJ/861/149)
1 = APOGEE; the Data Release 16 (DR16) of the Apache Point Observatory for
Galactic Evolution Experiment survey (see III/284; superseded
by III/286)
2 = LAMOST; the DR7 of the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic
Telescope (see V/156)
3 = B20; the Gaia-Kepler stellar properties catalog
(Berger+ 2020, J/AJ/159/280)
* = ?? not explained in the paper (34 occurrences)
Note (2): Flag for KOI as follows:
-999 = non-KOIs (53,154 occurrences)
0 = confirmed planet hosts (640 occurrences)
1 = candidate planet-hosts (673 occurrences)
2 = false-positives (-1??? ; 765 occurrences)
Note (3): Flag for potential binaries as follows:
0 = not a binary according to other works (50,815 occurrences)
1 = CPCB1: close binary candidates based on the light curves
(see Santos+ 2019, J/ApJS/244/21 for more details)
-- removed, see Section 4.1.
2 = binaries as flagged in S19 (Santos+ 2019, J/ApJS/244/21) and
S21 (Santos+ 2021, J/ApJS/255/17); 4371 occurrences
3 = binaries from Gaia nonsingle star catalog (NSS; see I/357);
46 occurrences
Note (4): Flag is set to 1 if either of the previous flag is
positive, when RUWE>1.2, when luminosity is not available or when
kiauhoku did not converge.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table3.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 8 I8 --- KIC [757450/12984138] Kepler Input Catalog identifier
10- 13 F4.2 Msun Mstar [0.2/1.51]? Stellar mass
15- 18 F4.2 Msun e_Mstar [0/0.3]? Uncertainty in Mstar
20- 23 F4.2 Gyr Age [0.03/9.6]? Age
25- 28 F4.2 Gyr E_Age [0/6.4]? Upper uncertainty on Age
30- 33 F4.2 Gyr e_Age [0/3.8]? Lower uncertainty on Age
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
References:
Mathur et al. Paper II. 2025ApJ...982..114M 2025ApJ...982..114M
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 16-Sep-2025