J/ApJ/954/134 SPYGLASS. IV. Young stars from Gaia DR3 (Kerr+, 2023)
SPYGLASS. IV. New stellar survey of recent star formation within 1 kpc.
Kerr R., Kraus A.L., Rizzuto A.C.
<Astrophys. J., 954, 134 (2023)>
=2023ApJ...954..134K 2023ApJ...954..134K
ADC_Keywords: Associations, stellar; YSOs; Photometry; Colors; Optical; Surveys;
Stars, distances; Velocity dispersion
Keywords: Stellar associations ; Young stellar objects ; Young star clusters ;
Star formation ; OB associations ; Pre-main sequence stars ;
Stellar ages
Abstract:
Young stellar populations provide a powerful record that traces
millions of years of star formation history in the solar neighborhood.
Using a revised form of the SPYGLASS young star identification
methodology, we produce an expanded census of nearby young stars
(age<50Myr). We then use the HDBSCAN clustering algorithm to produce a
new SPYGLASS Catalog of Young Associations, which reveals 116 young
associations within 1kpc. More than 25% of these groups are largely
new discoveries, as 20 are substantively different from any previous
definition, and 10 have no equivalent in the literature. The new
associations reveal a yet undiscovered demographic of small
associations with little connection to larger structures. Some of the
groups we identify are especially unique for their high transverse
velocities, which can differ from the solar velocity by 30-50km/s, and
for their positions, which can reach up to 300 pc above the galactic
plane. These features may suggest a unique origin, matching existing
evidence of infalling gas parcels interacting with the disk
interstellar medium. Our clustering also suggests links between
often-separated populations, hinting to direct structural connections
between Orion Complex and Perseus OB2, and between the subregions of
Vela. The ∼30Myr old Cepheus-Hercules association is another emerging
large-scale structure, with a size and population comparable to
Sco-Cen. Cep-Her and other similarly aged structures are also found
clustered along extended structures perpendicular to known spiral arm
structure, suggesting that arm-aligned star formation patterns have
only recently become dominant in the solar neighborhood.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table1.dat 208 1222152 Candidate members of young associations
table3.dat 99 116 Properties of the nearby clusters identified using
HDBSCAN
table4.dat 75 99890 Candidate members of older associations and their
parent groups
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See also:
I/352 : Distances to 1.47 billion stars in Gaia EDR3 (Bailer-Jones+, 2021)
I/355 : Gaia DR3 Part 1. Main source (Gaia Collaboration, 2022)
I/357 : Gaia DR3 Part 3. Non-single stars (Gaia Collaboration, 2022)
J/AJ/117/354 : OB associations from Hipparcos (de Zeeuw+, 1999)
J/ApJS/190/1 : A survey of stellar families (Raghavan+, 2010)
J/ApJ/731/8 : Multiple star formation in Taurus-Auriga (Kraus+, 2011)
J/AJ/151/144 : ASPCAP weights for APOGEE chemical elements (Garcia+, 2016)
J/MNRAS/461/794 : Scorpius-Centaurus K-Type Stars (Pecaut+, 2016)
J/A+A/595/A22 : 9 open clusters within 500pc from the Sun (Roser+, 2016)
J/MNRAS/478/4513 : GALAH Survey DR2 (Buder+, 2018)
J/ApJ/856/23 : BANYAN. XI. The BANYAN Σ algorithm (Gagne+, 2018)
J/A+A/620/A172 : Solar neighbourhood young stars 3D mapping (Zari+, 2018)
J/A+A/626/A17 : Young pop. in Vela-Puppis region (Cantat-Gaudin+, 2019)
J/AJ/158/122 : Local structure & SFH of the MW (Kounkel+, 2019)
J/A+A/625/A135 : Gal. interstellar dust Gaia-2MASS 3D maps (Lallement+, 2019)
J/A+A/633/A99 : Gaia DR2 open clusters in the MW. II (Cantat-Gaudin+, 2020)
J/A+A/640/A1 : Portrait Galactic disc (Cantat-Gaudin+, 2020)
J/A+A/654/A122 : X1 Fornacis cluster DANCe (Galli+, 2021)
J/ApJ/917/23 : SPYGLASS. I. Mapping young stellar structures (Kerr+, 2021)
J/A+A/645/A94 : NGC 2264 clumps column densities (Nony+, 2021)
J/ApJ/923/20 : Hierarchical clustering in Vela OB2 complex (Pang+, 2021)
J/MNRAS/504/2968 : The Alma catalogue of OB stars - II. (Pantaleoni+, 2021)
J/A+A/649/A3 : Gaia EDR3 photometric passbands (Riello+, 2021)
J/MNRAS/505/5164 : The Gaia view of the Cepheus flare (Szilagyi+, 2021)
J/A+A/647/A19 : 3D Kinematics and age of OCs (Tarricq+, 2021)
J/AJ/164/215 : Candidate members of Cep-Her, RSG-5 and CH-2 (Bouma+, 2022)
J/ApJ/941/49 : SPYGLASS. II. Cepheus Far North cand. members (Kerr+, 2022)
J/A+A/667/A163 : Upper Scorpius and Ophiuchus members (Miret-Roig+, 2022)
J/A+A/664/A175 : MW low mass young stars from Gaia EDR3 (Prisinzano+, 2022)
J/ApJ/936/160 : Properties of 328 stellar strings (Zucker+, 2022)
J/A+A/673/A114 : Improving the open cluster census. II. (Hunt+, 2023)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 3 I3 --- SCYA [1/116] SPYGLASS Catalog of Young Associations
Group Identifier
5- 23 I19 --- Gaia Gaia DR3 object identifier
25- 48 F24.20 deg RAdeg Right Ascension (ICRS) at Epoch=2016.0
50- 69 F20.16 deg DEdeg Declination (ICRS) at Epoch=2016.0
71- 89 F19.15 pc Dist [21.8/1000] Distance (1)
91- 109 F19.16 mag Gmag [2/21.22] Gaia DR3 G-band magnitude
111- 133 E23.16 mag GBP-GRP [-2.75/7.7]? Gaia DR3 BP-RP color index
135 I1 --- Afl [0/1] Astrometric flag (2)
137 I1 --- Pfl [0/1] Photometric flag (3)
139- 159 F21.16 --- SNR [0.73/2619] Parallax signal-to-noise,
parallax/σ_parallax
161- 183 E23.16 --- Pyoung [0/1.01]? Probability, stellar age<50Myr
185- 206 E22.15 --- Pmem [2e-14/1] Probability, membership in SCYA group
208 I1 --- Found [0/1] SCYA Founding group member (4)
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Note (1): Geometric distances from Bailer-Jones+ (2021, I/352)
Note (2): The boolean solution to the astrometric quality cut, which
is based on the unit weight error (RUWE). 1 passes, 0 fails.
Note (3): The boolean solution to the photometric quality cut, which
is based on the BP/RP flux excess factor. 1 passes, 0 fails.
Note (4): indicates whether the star was part of the robustly young
stellar population used to identify the group in the clustering stage.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table3.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 3 I3 --- SCYA [1/116] SPYGLASS Catalog of Young
Associations Group Identifier
5- 16 A12 --- Name Known group or population name (1)
18- 21 I4 --- Ns [10/9147] Number of stars in the founding
young stellar population
23- 27 F5.1 deg RAdeg Right Ascension (ICRS)
29- 33 F5.1 deg DEdeg Declination (ICRS)
35- 39 F5.1 deg GLON Galactic longitude
41- 45 F5.1 deg GLAT [-53.1/69.6] Galactic latitude
47- 50 F4.1 deg Dsky-mjr [0.9/50] On-sky spatial extent, along the
group's major axis (2)
52- 55 F4.1 deg Dsky-min [0.1/20.3] On-sky spatial extent, along the
group's minor axis (2)
57- 59 I3 pc Dist [104/969] Median geometric distance to group
61- 62 I2 pc e_Dist [5/66] Uncertainty in Dist
64- 68 F5.1 mas/yr pmRA [-47.2/34.5] Median group proper motion, in
Right Ascension
70- 74 F5.1 mas/yr pmDE [-47.7/15.8] Median group proper motion, in
Declination
76- 80 F5.1 km/s VT-l [-49.6/26.8] Median transverse velocity, in
galactic longitude
82- 86 F5.1 km/s VT-b [-19.4/17.1] Median transverse velocity, in
galactic latitude
88- 91 F4.1 km/s sigVT-mjr [1.2/40.5] Velocity dispersion, along the
group's major axis (2)
93- 96 F4.1 km/s sigVT-min [0.6/19.5] Velocity dispersion, along the
group's minor axis (2)
98- 99 I2 Myr Age [1/80] Age
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Note (1): Shorthand markers to indicate connections to known groups
in cases where known populations provide either only fragmentary
coverage of our groups or have a very different extent.
We indicate the relationship of the known group to our group as either
fragmentary component of our group ("f" prefix) or a larger structure
that contains our group, ("c" prefix).
This is followed by the Group, either "T" for Theia or "P" for
Prisinzano+ (2022, J/A+A/664/A175). For example, a group containing
fragmentary components of Theia 23 would be recorded as fT23. Groups
identified by an "H-R" ID are from the Hunt & Reffert
(2023, J/A+A/673/A114) catalog.
Further explanations for components of Complexes and shorthand names
that lack specificity --
Circinus = associated with Circinus Molecular cloud, ASCC 79;
NAS = NGC 6250 and NGC 6178;
Vela-C = Cr 197, Gum 17;
Mon R2 = Monoceros R2 Cloud including NGC 2183;
Cone = Cone Nebula Complex and NGC 2264;
Cocoon = IC 5146 and Cocoon Nebula Complex;
CaMaS = part of P633, sections of Theia 86 and 87;
NA = North America Nebula Complex;
Iris = NGC 7023 and Iris Nebula Complex;
Cep Flare = Includes traditional Cepheus Flare region, e.g.,
Szilagyi+ (2021, J/MNRAS/505/5164) as well as
ASCC 127 and most of the southern half of Theia 57;
Cep-Her = δ Lyr, RSG-5, SPYGLASS-I groups Lyra, Cerberus,
Cepheus-Cygnus;
Tr 10 = full Trumpler 10 complex, similar in extent to Theia 143;
Orion-Perseus = Orion Nebula Complex, Perseus OB2, SPYGLASS-I
groups Monocerous Southwest, Taurus-Orion II and IV.
Note (2): In the form of the RMS in major axis * minor axis, when fit
with a bivariate Gaussian.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table4.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 19 I19 --- Gaia Gaia DR3 object identifier
21 I1 --- Group [1/7] Old group identifier (1)
23- 30 F8.4 deg RAdeg [9.8/324] Right Ascension (ICRS) at
Epoch=2016.0
32- 39 F8.4 deg DEdeg [-49.2/78.2] Declination (ICRS) at Epoch=2016.0
41- 45 F5.1 pc Dist [98.4/999.2] Distance (2)
47- 51 F5.2 mag Gmag [3.62/21.02] Gaia DR3 G-band magnitude
53- 57 F5.2 mag GBP-GRP [-1.25/4.95]? Gaia DR3 BP-RP color
59 I1 --- Afl [0/1] Astrometric flag (3)
61 I1 --- Pfl [0/1] Photometric flag (4)
63- 67 F5.1 --- SNR [1.2/601.2] Parallax signal-to-noise,
parallax/σ_parallax
69- 73 F5.3 --- Pyoung [0/1]? Probability, stellar age<50Myr
75 I1 --- Found [0/1] Founding group member (5)
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Note (1): The old group index as follows:
1 = Praesepe (4920 occurrences)
2 = NGC 1342 (1828 occurrences)
3 = NGC 6124 (44,620 occurrences)
4 = NGC 6997 (30,050 occurrences)
5 = MWSC 0243 (8035 occurrences)
6 = Stock 2 (8079 occurrences)
7 = Pleiades (2358 occurrences)
Note (2): Geometric distances from Bailer-Jones+ (2021, I/352)
Note (3): The boolean solution to the astrometric quality cut, which
is based on the unit weight error (RUWE). 1 passes, 0 fails.
Note (4): The boolean solution to the photometric quality cut, which
is based on the BP/RP flux excess factor. 1 passes, 0 fails.
Note (5): indicates whether the star was part of the stellar
population used to identify the group in the clustering stage
(likely from the binary sequence).
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
References:
Kerr et al. Paper I. 2021ApJ...917...23K 2021ApJ...917...23K Cat. J/ApJ/917/23
Kerr et al. Paper II. 2022ApJ...941...49K 2022ApJ...941...49K Cat. J/ApJ/941/49
Kerr et al. Paper III. 2022ApJ...941..143K 2022ApJ...941..143K Cat. J/ApJ/941/143
Kerr et al. Paper IV. 2023ApJ...954..134K 2023ApJ...954..134K This catalog
Kerr et al. Paper V. 2024ApJ...975...99K 2024ApJ...975...99K
Kerr et al. Paper VI. 2025ApJ...985..111K 2025ApJ...985..111K
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 01-Oct-2025