J/ApJ/956/148 ASKAP & FAST HI data for the NGC4636 group members (Lin+, 2023)
FAST-ASKAP synergy: quantifying coexistent tidal and ram pressure strippings in
the NGC 4636 group.
Lin X., Wang J., Kilborn V., Peng E.W., Cortese L., Boselli A.,
Liang Z.-Z., Lee B., Yang D., Catinella B., Deg N., Denes H., Elagali A.,
Kamphuis P., Koribalski B.S., Lee-Waddell K., Rhee J., Shao Li,
Spekkens K., Staveley-Smith L., Westmeier T., Wong O.I., Bekki K.,
Bosma A., Du M., Ho L.C., Madrid J.P., Verdes-Montenegro L., Wang H.,
Wang S.
<Astrophys. J., 956, 148 (2023)>
=2023ApJ...956..148L 2023ApJ...956..148L
ADC_Keywords: Galaxies, group; Galaxies, photometry; Optical; Galaxies, radius;
Radial velocities; H I data; Cross identifications
Keywords: Galaxies ; Interstellar atomic gas ; Galaxy evolution ;
Galaxy environments
Abstract:
Combining new HI data from a synergetic survey of Australian Square
Kilometre Array Pathfinder (ASKAP) Widefield ASKAP L-band Legacy
All-sky Blind surveY (WALLABY) and Five-hundred-meter Aperture
Spherical radio Telescope (FAST) with the Arecibo Legacy Fast ALFA
(ALFALFA) data, we study the effect of ram pressure and tidal
interactions in the NGC 4636 group. We develop two parameters to
quantify and disentangle these two effects on gas stripping in
HI-bearing galaxies: the strength of external forces at the
optical-disk edge, and the outside-in extents of HI-disk stripping. We
find that gas stripping is widespread in this group, affecting 80% of
HI-detected nonmerging galaxies, and that 41% are experiencing both
types of stripping. Among the galaxies experiencing both effects, the
two types of strengths are independent, while two HI-stripping extents
moderately anticorrelate with each other. Both strengths are
correlated with HI-disk shrinkage. The tidal strength is related to a
rather uniform reddening of low-mass galaxies (M*<109M☉) when
tidal stripping is the dominating effect. In contrast, ram pressure is
not clearly linked to the color-changing patterns of galaxies in the
group. Combining these two stripping extents, we estimate the total
stripping extent, and put forward an empirical model that can describe
the decrease of HI richness as galaxies fall toward the group center.
The stripping timescale we derived decreases with distance to the
center, from ∼1Gyr beyond R200 to ≲10Myr near the center. Gas
depletion happens ∼3Gyr since crossing 2R200 for HI-rich galaxies,
but much quicker for HI-poor ones. Our results quantify in a
physically motivated way the details and processes of
environmental-effects-driven galaxy evolution, and might assist in
analyzing hydrodynamic simulations in an observational way.
Description:
We compile a catalog of galaxies around the NGC 4636 group center with
redshift measurements from several HI and optical catalogs described
in Section 2.
Among 119 galaxies belonging to the group, 63 have HI detections by
either FAST, Arecibo Legacy Fast ALFA (ALFALFA), or the Widefield
ASKAP L-band Legacy All-sky Blind surveY (WALLABY;
Westmeier+ 2022PASA...39...58W 2022PASA...39...58W).
We compile the super catalog of these 119 group member galaxies with
redshift measurements by combining the Kourkchi+ 2017, J/ApJ/843/16
(K&T17) galaxy catalog (91 galaxies; 45 HI-detections), the Sloan
Digital Sky Surveys (SDSS) Data Release (DR) 16 SpecObj table
(79; 32, see V/154), and four new HI-detections by FAST. These
catalogs are crossmatched with each other to remove the duplicates.
The redshift values from HI surveys are preferred to those from
optical catalogs, and those by the SDSS DR16 are preferred to the
other optical ones.
We also use g- and r-band images from SDSS DR12 (see V/147) and the
DECam Legacy Survey (DECaLS) DR9 (Dey+ 2019AJ....157..168D 2019AJ....157..168D) for
optical photometric measurements.
Objects:
-----------------------------------------------------------------
RA (ICRS) DE Designation(s)
-----------------------------------------------------------------
12 42 50.0 +02 41 17 NGC 4636 Group = NAME NGC 4636 Group
-----------------------------------------------------------------
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ReadMe 80 . This file
table4.dat 160 119 Galaxy properties and non-HI measurements
table5.dat 83 63 HI-related properties and measurements
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See also:
V/147 : The SDSS Photometric Catalogue, Release 12 (Alam+, 2015)
V/154 : Sloan Digital Sky Surveys (SDSS), Release 16 (DR16) (Ahumada+, 2020)
J/PASJ/56/965 : X-ray properties of ASCA objects (Fukazawa+, 2004)
J/AJ/128/16 : HIPASS Bright Galaxy Catalog (Koribalski+, 2004)
J/MNRAS/369/1351 : Velocities in the possible Eridanus group (Brough+, 2006)
J/ApJS/173/293 : UV-Optical galaxy color-magnitude diagram I. (Wyder+, 2007)
J/AJ/136/2782 : Star formation efficiency in nearby galaxies (Leroy+, 2008)
J/A+A/570/A69 : GALEX Ultraviolet Virgo Cluster Survey. IV. (Boselli+, 2014)
J/MNRAS/445/899 : LVL SEDs and physical properties (Cook+, 2014)
J/AJ/151/78 : Jellyfish galaxy cand. in galaxy clusters (Poggianti+, 2016)
J/AJ/152/50 : Cosmicflows-3 catalog (CF3) (Tully+, 2016)
J/MNRAS/460/2143 : HI size-mass relation of galaxies (Wang+, 2016)
J/ApJ/843/16 : Galaxy groups within 3500km/s (Kourkchi+, 2017)
J/ApJS/233/22 : xCOLD GASS catalog (Saintonge+, 2017)
J/ApJ/850/207 : Action dynamics of the Local Supercluster (Shaya+, 2017)
J/MNRAS/478/3447 : SDSS post-merger galaxies HI data (Ellison+, 2018)
J/ApJ/861/49 : ALFALFA extragalactic HI source catalog (Haynes+, 2018)
J/A+A/632/A78 : A case study of the HI content of HCG 16 (Jones+, 2019)
J/ApJ/915/70 : WALLABY pilot survey: HI gas in Hydra cluster (Wang+, 2021)
http://wallaby-survey.org/data/ : WALLABY data home page
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table4.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 3 I3 --- Seq [1/119] Galaxy ID
5- 9 A5 --- Name ? NGC/UGC/IC number
11- 18 F8.4 deg RAdeg [186.5/194.6] Right Ascension (J2000)
20- 26 F7.4 deg DEdeg [-1.4/6.9] Declination (J2000)
28- 31 I4 km/s HRV [478/1407] Heliocentric radial velocity
33 A1 --- r_HRV [FAKSH] References of HRV (1)
35- 39 F5.2 [Msun/yr] SFR [-3.62/-0.21]? Star-formation rate
41- 44 F4.2 [Msun/yr] e_SFR [0.06/0.13]? Error of SFR
46- 50 F5.2 [Msun/yr] delSFR [-1.85/1.47]? Offset from the star-forming
main sequence (SFMS)
52 A1 --- f_SFR [cuw]? Note on SFR measurement (2)
54 A1 --- n_SFR [fn]? Type of UV used in SFR (f=FUV
(preferred) or n=NUV (when FUV unavailable))
56 A1 --- ImgSrc [DS] Source of optical images (3)
58- 62 F5.1 [Pa] Pram [-18.3/-12.9] Ram pressure estimated using
projected parameters
64- 68 F5.2 [-] Stid [-3.4/-0.08] Tidal strength parameter, log
70- 75 F6.3 mag gmag [9.52/21.2] Total g-band AB magnitude using
growth curve (GC) method
77- 81 F5.3 mag e_gmag [0.001/0.05] Error in gmag
83- 88 F6.3 mag rmag [8.78/19.6] Total r-band AB magnitude using
growth curve (GC) method
90- 94 F5.3 mag e_rmag [0.001/0.08] Error in rmag
96- 101 F6.3 mag g-r0 [-0.062/2.1] The g-r color at the galaxy
center
103- 107 F5.3 mag g-r1 [0.06/1.6] The g-r color at R50r
109- 113 F5.3 mag g-r2 [0.09/1.5] The g-r color at 2R50r
115- 119 F5.2 [Msun] Ms [6/11.2] Stellar mass (4)
121- 124 F4.2 [Msun] e_Ms [0.15/0.21]? Error in Ms
126- 131 F6.3 kpc R25g [0.2/25.1] R25 in g-band (5)
133- 137 F5.3 kpc e_R25g [0.002/0.05] Error in R25g
139- 143 F5.3 kpc R50r [0.069/9.3] Half-light radius in r-band
from GC
145- 149 F5.3 kpc e_R50r [0.001/0.08] Error in R50r
151- 155 F5.2 kpc R90r [0.2/31.3] R90 in r-band from GC
157- 160 F4.2 kpc e_R90r [0.01/0.4] Error in R90r
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): Reference as follows:
F = FAST (Zuo+ 2022RAA....22i5016Z 2022RAA....22i5016Z).
A = ALFALFA (Giovanelli+ 2005AJ....130.2598G 2005AJ....130.2598G; Haynes+ 2018, J/ApJ/861/49).
K = Galaxy Groups Within 3500km/s (Kourkchi & Tully 2017, J/ApJ/843/16).
S = SDSS DR16 SpecObj table (see V/154)
H = HIPASS BGC (Koribalski+ 2004, J/AJ/128/16).
Note (2): Note as follows:
u = estimated solely from UV data
w = from W4-band data
c = UV and W4 data combined
Note (3): Source as follows:
S = SDSS DR12 images
D = DECaLS DR9 images
Note (4): Based on the r-band stellar mass-to-light ratio from total g-r color
according to Zibetti+ (2009MNRAS.400.1181Z 2009MNRAS.400.1181Z). The g-r of galaxy 20
exceeds the valid g-r range, and a value of 0.744 mag (the 95th
percentile) is used in Ms estimation. The error included that of the
mass-to-light ratio and the flux.
Note (5): Assuming a distance of 16.2 Mpc. The Galactic extinction is
considered.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table5.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 3 I3 --- Seq [2/119] Galaxy ID
5- 8 A4 --- FAST ID in Zuo+ (2022RAA....22i5016Z 2022RAA....22i5016Z)
10- 15 I6 --- ALFALFA [7609/229204]? ID in ALFALFA catalog
(UGC/AGC number;
see Haynes+ 2018, J/ApJ/861/49)
17- 24 A8 --- HIPASS ID in HIPASS BGC (JHHMM+DD;
see Koribalski+ 2004, J/AJ/128/16)
26- 39 A14 --- WALLABY ID in WALLABY (JHHMMSS+DDMMSS;
Westmeier+ 2022PASA...39...58W 2022PASA...39...58W)
41- 44 F4.2 [Msun] MHI [7.06/9.63] HI mass (6)
46- 49 F4.2 [Msun] e_MHI [0.04/0.07] Error in HI mass
51 A1 --- r_MHI [FAHW] References of HI mass (7)
53- 57 F5.2 [Msun] delMHI [-1.77/1.63]? Offset from mean HI-M* relation
59- 63 F5.2 [-] Srps [-5.31/1.02]? Log RPS strength parameter (8)
65- 69 F5.2 [-] frps [-1.91/-0.76]? Log Fraction of gas under RPS
(9)
71- 75 F5.2 [-] ftid [-2/-0.08]? Log Fraction of gas under TS
77- 81 F5.2 [-] fstr [-1.64/-0.08]? Log Fraction of gas under
stripping
83 A1 --- f_fstr [RTNM] Flag of stripping status (10)
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Note (6): The HI mass listed here of galaxy 110 and 111 is their total HI mass.
The error includes that of flux and calibration, but not of the distance.
Note (7): Reference as follows:
F = FAST (Zuo+ 2022RAA....22i5016Z 2022RAA....22i5016Z).
A = ALFALFA (Giovanelli+ 2005AJ....130.2598G 2005AJ....130.2598G; Haynes+ 2018, , J/ApJ/861/49).
H = HIPASS BGC (Koribalski+ 2004, J/AJ/128/16).
W = WALLABY Pilot Survey (Westmeier+ 2022PASA...39...58W 2022PASA...39...58W).
Note (8): If blank, the galaxy has too little gas for the calculation of Srps.
Note (9): If blank, frps<1%. The same for ftid and fstr. fstr=max(ftid,frps).
Note (10): Flag as follows:
R = RPS sample (frps>ftid)
T = TS sample (ftid≥frps)
N = Non-stripping galaxies
M = Merging pair
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
Licences: cc-by
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 14-Jan-2026