J/ApJ/958/45 Keck/HIRES spectroscopy obs. of stars in M92 (Kirby+, 2023)
r-process abundance patterns in the globular cluster M92.
Kirby E.N., Ji A.P., Kovalev M.
<Astrophys. J., 958, 45 (2023)>
=2023ApJ...958...45K 2023ApJ...958...45K
ADC_Keywords: Spectra, optical; Abundances; Equivalent widths; Colors;
Radial velocities
Keywords: Abundance ratios ; Chemical abundances ; R-process ;
Globular star clusters ; Nucleosynthesis
Abstract:
Whereas light-element abundance variations are a hallmark of globular
clusters, there is little evidence for variations in neutron-capture
elements. A significant exception is M15, which shows a star-to-star
dispersion in neutron-capture abundances of at least one order of
magnitude. The literature contains evidence both for and against a
neutron-capture dispersion in M92. We conducted an analysis of
archival Keck/HIRES spectra of 35 stars in M92, 29 of which are
giants, which we use exclusively for our conclusions. M92 conforms to
the abundance variations typical of massive clusters. Like other
globular clusters, its neutron-capture abundances were generated by
the r-process. We confirm a star-to-star dispersion in r-process
abundances. Unlike M15, the dispersion is limited to
"first-generation" (low-Na, high-Mg) stars, and the dispersion is
smaller for Sr, Y, and Zr than for Ba and the lanthanides. This is the
first detection of a relation between light-element and
neutron-capture abundances in a globular cluster. We propose that a
source of the main r-process polluted the cluster shortly before or
concurrently with the first generation of star formation. The heavier
r-process abundances were inhomogeneously distributed while the
first-generation stars were forming. The second-generation stars
formed after several crossing times (∼0.8Myr); hence, the second
generation shows no r-process dispersion. This scenario imposes a
minimum temporal separation of 0.8 Myr between the first and second
generations.
Description:
Nearly all of the data from this project come from the Keck
Observatory Archive (KOA). We queried the archive using its web
interface on 2020 February 5. We searched for all publicly available
HIRES spectra within 30' of the center of M92.
We paired each spectrum with photometry from Gaia Data Release 3 (Gaia
Coll. 2023, see I/355) and the Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS; see
II/246). In some cases, we looked up the star in the SIMBAD
astronomical database by the identifier assigned by the HIRES
observer.
Table 2 gives the observing log spanning 1997-May-12 to 2011-Aug-07.
Most stars were observed on multiple dates.
Objects:
----------------------------------------------------------
RA (ICRS) DE Designation(s)
----------------------------------------------------------
17 17 07.38 +43 08 09.3 M92 = GCl 59
----------------------------------------------------------
File Summary:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ReadMe 80 . This file
table1.dat 86 35 Coordinates and photometry
table2.dat 66 74 Archival observations
table3.dat 41 35 Model atmosphere parameters
table4.dat 762 573 Line list with equivalent widths and abundances
table5.dat 37 35 Abundance trends
table6.dat 42 1457 Abundances
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See also:
VII/195 : Globular Clusters in the Milky Way (Harris, 1996)
VII/202 : Globular Clusters in the Milky Way (Harris, 1997)
II/246 : 2MASS All-Sky Catalog of Point Sources (Cutri+ 2003)
VII/233 : 2MASS All-Sky Extended Source Catalog (XSC) (IPAC/UMass, 2003-2006)
I/355 : Gaia DR3 Part 1. Main source (Gaia Collaboration, 2022)
I/357 : Gaia DR3 Part 3. Non-single stars (Gaia Collaboration, 2022)
J/AJ/109/218 : Catalogue of globular cluster profiles (Trager+ 1995)
J/ApJ/617/1091 : La and Eu abundances in 85 stars (Simmerer+, 2004)
J/AJ/129/303 : Abundances of stars in M3 and M13 (Cohen+, 2005)
J/ApJS/161/304 : Star clusters in the MW and satellites (McLaughlin+, 2005)
J/AJ/133/1041 : Velocities and CMT2 phot. in globular M92 (Drukier+, 2007)
J/ApJ/682/1217 : Abundances in red giants in 7 GCs (Kirby+, 2008)
J/A+A/490/777 : Abundances of Population II stars in NGC 6397 (Lind+, 2008)
J/A+A/497/497 : Physical param. from JHK flux (Gonzalez-Hernandez+, 2009)
J/ApJ/705/328 : Abundance measurements in Sculptor dSph (Kirby+, 2009)
J/A+A/503/541 : Li in late-type stars non-LTE calculations (Lind+, 2009)
J/ApJ/740/60 : EWs for NGC2419 and NGC7099 RGB stars (Cohen+, 2011)
J/AJ/142/22 : Heavy-element dispersion in M92 (Roederer+, 2011)
J/AJ/141/175 : Abundances in M15 RGB/RHB stars (Sobeck+, 2011)
J/A+A/546/A90 : NLTE analysis of Sr lines (Bergemann+, 2012)
J/ApJ/760/86 : Equivalent widths for 13 NGC2419 RGB stars (Cohen+, 2012)
J/ApJ/769/40 : Potassium abundance in red giants of GCs (Carretta+, 2013)
J/ApJ/769/57 : Equivalent widths of metal-poor stars (Frebel+, 2013)
J/ApJ/778/149 : Abundances for 3 stars in Sgr dSph (McWilliam+, 2013)
J/ApJ/801/125 : Carbon in red giants in GCs and dSph galaxies (Kirby+, 2015)
J/A+A/581/A70 : Grid of NLTE EW & NLTE corr. BaII lines (Korotin+, 2015)
J/MNRAS/450/815 : Red giants in NGC 5286 (Marino+, 2015)
J/MNRAS/449/3889 : Abundances of 15 stars in NGC 4833 (Roederer+, 2015)
J/ApJ/817/41 : Abundances of 4 metal-poor red giants in BooII (Ji+, 2016)
J/A+A/600/A104 : Potassium abundance in 3 GCs (Mucciarelli+, 2017)
J/A+A/616/A10 : Open clusters GaiaDR2 HR diagrams (Gaia Collaboration, 2018)
J/MNRAS/482/5138 : Gal. GC mean proper motions & velocities (Baumgardt+, 2019)
J/A+A/631/A80 : Mn lines 3D NLTE formation in stars (Bergemann+, 2019)
J/A+A/622/A191 : 885 globular cluster giants abundances (Masseron+, 2019)
J/A+A/627/A177 : Non-LTE analysis of K I in late-type stars (Reggiani+, 2019)
J/ApJS/249/30 : R-Process Alliance: metal-poor star sp. (Holmbeck+, 2020)
J/AJ/160/181 : Chemical abundances in red giants with Magellan (Ji+, 2020)
J/MNRAS/492/1641 : APOGEE southern GCs with the BACCHUS code (Meszaros+, 2020)
J/ApJ/928/L11 : Atmospheric param. of giants in o Cen (Alvarez Garay+, 2022)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 11 A11 --- Star Star identifier
13 A1 --- f_Star [*] * = AGB star
15- 33 I19 --- Gaia Gaia DR3 identifier
35- 36 I2 h RAh [17] Hour of Right Ascension (J2000)
38- 39 I2 min RAm [16/17] Minute of Right Ascension (J2000)
41- 45 F5.2 s RAs Second of Right Ascension (J2000)
47 A1 --- DE- [+] Sign of the Declination (J2000)
48- 49 I2 deg DEd [43] Degree of Declination (J2000)
51- 52 I2 arcmin DEm [2/14] Arcminute of Declination (J2000)
54- 57 F4.1 arcsec DEs Arcsecond of Declination (J2000)
59- 63 F5.2 mag G0mag [11.5/18.2] Extinction corrected Gaia DR3
G-band magnitude (1)
65- 68 F4.2 mag BP-RP0 [0.5/1.6] Extinction corrected Gaia DR3 BP-RP
color (1)
70 A1 --- f_BP-RP0 A = BP-RP0 Color used for calculating Teff
72- 75 F4.2 --- BP-Ks0 [2/3.4]? Extinction corrected Gaia BP-Ks 2MASS
color (1)
77 A1 --- f_BP-Ks0 A = BP-Ks0 Color used for Teff
79- 86 F8.3 km/s RVel [-132.5/-110.6] Measured radial velocity,
νr
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): The magnitudes and photometry in the table were corrected
for extinction and reddening assuming E(B-V)=0.0191 from
Schlafly & Finkbeiner (2011ApJ...737..103S 2011ApJ...737..103S).
The Gaia magnitudes were corrected following the color-extinction
relations provided by the Gaia Coll. (2018, J/A+A/616/A10).
The 2MASS Ks magnitudes were corrected assuming AK/E(B-V)=0.310 from
Fitzpatrick (1999PASP..111...63F 1999PASP..111...63F).
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table2.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 11 A11 --- Star Star identifier
13 A1 --- f_Star [*] * : AGB star
15- 25 A11 "Y/M/D" Date Date of observation (UT)
27- 36 A10 --- PI PI of the observation
38- 42 F5.3 arcsec Slit [0.86/1.15] Slit width
44- 58 A15 s Exp Individual Exposure time
60- 62 I3 min TExp [13/577] Total exposure time
64- 66 I3 pix-1 S/N [47/181] Signal-to-noise ratio
between 4650 and 4800Å (2)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (2): The S/N is calculated from the pixels between 4650 and 4800Å in
the continuum-divided spectrum. We sigma clipped this spectral range
by excluding pixels more than 3.0 standard deviations above the
continuum or 0.5 standard deviations below the continuum. The
asymmetry of the sigma clipping is intended to exclude strong
absorption lines from the measurement of the S/N. Finally, the S/N is
calculated as the inverse of the median absolute deviation of the
spectrum from its mean.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table3.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 11 A11 --- Star Star
13- 13 A1 --- f_Star [*] *: AGB star
15- 18 I4 K Teff [4187/6573] Surface effective temperature
20- 21 I2 K e_Teff [50/98] Uncertainty in Teff
23- 26 F4.2 [cm/s2] logg [0.48/4.1] log of surface gravity
28- 31 F4.2 [cm/s2] e_logg [0.1] Uncertainty in logg
33- 36 F4.2 km/s vt [1.2/3] Microturbulent velocity
38- 41 F4.2 km/s e_vt [0.06/0.4] Uncertainty in vt
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table4.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 2 A2 --- Element Element
4- 5 A2 --- Ion Ionization state
7- 13 F7.2 0.1nm lambda [3729.8/7789] Wavelength in Angstrom
15- 19 F5.3 eV EP [0/5.1] Excitation potential
21- 27 F7.3 [-] loggf [-10.2/0.6] Log of oscillator strength
29 A1 --- l_EW1 Upper limit flag on EW1
30- 34 F5.1 0.1pm EW1 [2/388.2]? Equivalent width in star III-13 in
mÅ
36 A1 --- l_abund1 Upper limit flag on abund1
37- 41 F5.2 --- abund1 [-1.75/6.1]? Abundance in star III-13
43- 48 F6.2 --- weight1 [0.26/86.8]? Line weight in star III-13
50 A1 --- l_EW2 Upper limit flag on EW2
51- 55 F5.1 0.1pm EW2 [1.5/408]? Equivalent width in star VII-18
57 A1 --- l_abund2 Upper limit flag on abund2
58- 62 F5.2 --- abund2 [-1.64/6.15]? Abundance in star VII-18
64- 69 F6.2 --- weight2 [0.36/85.33]? Line weight in star VII-18
71 A1 --- l_EW3 Upper limit flag on EW3
72- 76 F5.1 0.1pm EW3 [5.3/356]? Equivalent width in star X-49
78 A1 --- l_abund3 Upper limit flag on abund3
79- 83 F5.2 --- abund3 [-1.9/5.8]? Abundance in star X-49
85- 90 F6.2 --- weight3 [0.1/85]? Line weight in star X-49
92 A1 --- l_EW4 Upper limit flag on EW4
93- 97 F5.1 0.1pm EW4 [2.3/360.4]? Equivalent width in star III-65
99 A1 --- l_abund4 Upper limit flag on abund4
100- 104 F5.2 --- abund4 [-1.63/5.9]? Abundance in star III-65
106- 111 F6.2 --- weight4 [0.3/85.5]? Line weight in star III-65
113 A1 --- l_EW5 Upper limit flag on EW5
114- 118 F5.1 0.1pm EW5 [6.2/396.7]? Equivalent width in star VII-122
120 A1 --- l_abund5 Upper limit flag on abund5
121- 125 F5.2 --- abund5 [-1.76/7.22]? Abundance in star VII-122
127- 132 F6.2 --- weight5 [0.06/82.51]? Line weight in star VII-122
134 A1 --- l_EW6 Upper limit flag on EW6
135- 139 F5.1 0.1pm EW6 [1.1/358]? Equivalent width in star II-53
141 A1 --- l_abund6 Upper limit flag on abund6
142- 146 F5.2 --- abund6 [-1.7/6.61]? Abundance in star II-53
148- 153 F6.2 --- weight6 [0.28/84]? Line weight in star II-53
155 A1 --- l_EW7 Upper limit flag on EW7
156- 160 F5.1 0.1pm EW7 [1.8/332.2]? Equivalent width in star XII-8
162 A1 --- l_abund7 Upper limit flag on abund7
163- 167 F5.2 --- abund7 [-1.6/7]? Abundance in star XII-8
169- 174 F6.2 --- weight7 [0.01/85.14]? Line weight in star XII-8
176 A1 --- l_EW8 Upper limit flag on EW8
177- 181 F5.1 0.1pm EW8 [2.3/337]? Equivalent width in star V-45
183 A1 --- l_abund8 Upper limit flag on abund8
184- 188 F5.2 --- abund8 [-1.8/6.93]? Abundance in star V-45
190- 195 F6.2 --- weight8 [0.06/81.7]? Line weight in star V-45
197 A1 --- l_EW9 Upper limit flag on EW9
198- 202 F5.1 0.1pm EW9 [2.9/310.1]? Equivalent width in star XI-19
204 A1 --- l_abund9 Upper limit flag on abund9
205- 209 F5.2 --- abund9 [-1.65/6.9]? Abundance in star XI-19
211- 216 F6.2 --- weight9 [0.34/84.31]? Line weight in star XI-19
218 A1 --- l_EW10 Upper limit flag on EW10
219- 223 F5.1 0.1pm EW10 [2.3/316.2]? Equivalent width in star XI-80
225 A1 --- l_abund10 Upper limit flag on abund10
226- 230 F5.2 --- abund10 [-1.71/6.5]? Abundance in star XI-80
232- 237 F6.2 --- weight10 [0.19/78.8]? Line weight in star XI-80
239 A1 --- l_EW11 Upper limit flag on EW11
240- 244 F5.1 0.1pm EW11 [4.2/335.6]? Equivalent width in star II-70
246 A1 --- l_abund11 Upper limit flag on abund11
247- 251 F5.2 --- abund11 [-1.65/7.1]? Abundance in star II-70
253- 258 F6.2 --- weight11 [0.23/75]? Line weight in star II-70
260 A1 --- l_EW12 Upper limit flag on EW12
261- 265 F5.1 0.1pm EW12 [1.8/291]? Equivalent width in star IV-94
267 A1 --- l_abund12 Upper limit flag on abund12
268- 272 F5.2 --- abund12 [-1.6/6.81]? Abundance in star IV-94
274- 279 F6.2 --- weight12 [0.12/76.31]? Line weight in star IV-94
281 A1 --- l_EW13 Upper limit flag on EW13
282- 286 F5.1 0.1pm EW13 [2.3/305.6]? Equivalent width in star I-67
288 A1 --- l_abund13 Upper limit flag on abund13
289- 293 F5.2 --- abund13 [-1.5/5.75]? Abundance in star I-67
295- 300 F6.2 --- weight13 [0.1/71]? Line weight in star I-67
302 A1 --- l_EW14 Upper limit flag on EW14
303- 307 F5.1 0.1pm EW14 [2.7/278.6]? Equivalent width in star III-82
309 A1 --- l_abund14 Upper limit flag on abund14
310- 314 F5.2 --- abund14 [-1.67/6.65]? Abundance in star III-82
316- 321 F6.2 --- weight14 [0.08/80.53]? Line weight in star III-82
323 A1 --- l_EW15 Upper limit flag on EW15
324- 328 F5.1 0.1pm EW15 [1/365]? Equivalent width in star IV-10
330 A1 --- l_abund15 Upper limit flag on abund15
331- 335 F5.2 --- abund15 [-1.96/7.13]? Abundance in star IV-10
337- 342 F6.2 --- weight15 [0.34/73.54]? Line weight in star IV-10
344 A1 --- l_EW16 Upper limit flag on EW16
345- 349 F5.1 0.1pm EW16 [0.9/256.5]? Equivalent width in star XII-34
351 A1 --- l_abund16 Upper limit flag on abund16
352- 356 F5.2 --- abund16 [-1.63/6.65]? Abundance in star XII-34
358- 363 F6.2 --- weight16 [0.2/76.9]? Line weight in star XII-34
365 A1 --- l_EW17 Upper limit flag on EW17
366- 370 F5.1 0.1pm EW17 [1.7/304.7]? Equivalent width in star IV-79
372 A1 --- l_abund17 Upper limit flag on abund17
373- 377 F5.2 --- abund17 [-1.6/6.7]? Abundance in star IV-79
379- 384 F6.2 --- weight17 [0.1/75.9]? Line weight in star IV-79
386 A1 --- l_EW18 Upper limit flag on EW18
387- 391 F5.1 0.1pm EW18 [1.0/273.2]? Equivalent width in star IX-13
393 A1 --- l_abund18 Upper limit flag on abund18
394- 398 F5.2 --- abund18 [-1.57/5.61]? Abundance in star IX-13
400- 405 F6.2 --- weight18 [0.07/66.7]? Line weight in star IX-13
407 A1 --- l_EW19 Upper limit flag on EW19
408- 412 F5.1 0.1pm EW19 [0.9/254]? Equivalent width in star VIII-24
414 A1 --- l_abund19 Upper limit flag on abund19
415- 419 F5.2 --- abund19 [-1.71/5.9]? Abundance in star VIII-24
421- 426 F6.2 --- weight19 [0.13/65.15]? Line weight in star VIII-24
428 A1 --- l_EW20 Upper limit flag on EW20
429- 433 F5.1 0.1pm EW20 [2.3/248.2]? Equivalent width in star X-20
435 A1 --- l_abund20 Upper limit flag on abund20
436- 440 F5.2 --- abund20 [-1.45/7.11]? Abundance in star X-20
442- 447 F6.2 --- weight20 [0.18/62.7]? Line weight in star X-20
449 A1 --- l_EW21 Upper limit flag on EW21
450- 454 F5.1 0.1pm EW21 [0.5/288.2]? Equivalent width in star S2710
456 A1 --- l_abund21 Upper limit flag on abund21
457- 461 F5.2 --- abund21 [-1.65/7.4]? Abundance in star S2710
463- 468 F6.2 --- weight21 [0.08/72.7]? Line weight in star S2710
470 A1 --- l_EW22 Upper limit flag on EW22
471- 475 F5.1 0.1pm EW22 [0.7/209.7]? Equivalent width in star VI-90
477 A1 --- l_abund22 Upper limit flag on abund22
478- 482 F5.2 --- abund22 [-1.57/7.03]? Abundance in star VI-90
484- 489 F6.2 --- weight22 [0.5/68.3]? Line weight in star VI-90
491 A1 --- l_EW23 Upper limit flag on EW23
492- 496 F5.1 0.1pm EW23 [0.4/267.3]? Equivalent width in star S2265
498 A1 --- l_abund23 Upper limit flag on abund23
499- 503 F5.2 --- abund23 [-1.63/7.52]? Abundance in star S2265
505- 510 F6.2 --- weight23 [0.01/64]? Line weight in star S2265
512 A1 --- l_EW24 Upper limit flag on EW24
513- 517 F5.1 0.1pm EW24 [0.6/272]? Equivalent width in star VIII-45
519 A1 --- l_abund24 Upper limit flag on abund24
520- 524 F5.2 --- abund24 [-1.4/6.8]? Abundance in star VIII-45
526- 531 F6.2 --- weight24 [0.04/66]? Line weight in star VIII-45
533 A1 --- l_EW25 Upper limit flag on EW25
534- 538 F5.1 0.1pm EW25 [0.7/248.5]? Equivalent width in star VII-28
540 A1 --- l_abund25 Upper limit flag on abund25
541- 545 F5.2 --- abund25 [-1.5/6.9]? Abundance in star VII-28
547- 552 F6.2 --- weight25 [0.01/62.55]? Line weight in star VII-28
554 A1 --- l_EW26 Upper limit flag on EW26
555- 559 F5.1 0.1pm EW26 [1.7/253.1]? Equivalent width in star
G17181_0638
561 A1 --- l_abund26 Upper limit flag on abund26
562- 566 F5.2 --- abund26 [-0.9/7.14]? Abundance in star G17181_0638
568- 573 F6.2 --- weight26 [1.4/37.4]? Line weight in star G17181_0638
575 A1 --- l_EW27 Upper limit flag on EW27
576- 580 F5.1 0.1pm EW27 [0.1/235.4]? Equivalent width in star
C17333_0832
582 A1 --- l_abund27 Upper limit flag on abund27
583- 587 F5.2 --- abund27 [-1.41/7.41]? Abundance in star C17333_0832
589- 594 F6.2 --- weight27 [0.16/59.71]? Line weight in star C17333_0832
596 A1 --- l_EW28 Upper limit flag on EW28
597- 601 F5.1 0.1pm EW28 [0.7/268]? Equivalent width in star S3108
603 A1 --- l_abund28 Upper limit flag on abund28
604- 608 F5.2 --- abund28 [-1.25/8.01]? Abundance in star S3108
610- 615 F6.2 --- weight28 [0.36/52.6]? Line weight in star S3108
617 A1 --- l_EW29 Upper limit flag on EW29
618- 622 F5.1 0.1pm EW29 [1.2/286.3]? Equivalent width in star S652
624 A1 --- l_abund29 Upper limit flag on abund29
625- 629 F5.2 --- abund29 [-1.3/7.6]? Abundance in star S652
631- 636 F6.2 --- weight29 [0.17/51.04]? Line weight in star S652
638 A1 --- l_EW30 Upper limit flag on EW30
639- 643 F5.1 0.1pm EW30 [1.2/202.8]? Equivalent width in star S19
645 A1 --- l_abund30 Upper limit flag on abund30
646- 650 F5.2 --- abund30 [-1.1/8.62]? Abundance in star S19
652- 657 F6.2 --- weight30 [0.2/61]? Line weight in star S19
659 A1 --- l_EW31 Upper limit flag on EW31
660- 664 F5.1 0.1pm EW31 [1.3/181.7]? Equivalent width in star D21
666 A1 --- l_abund31 Upper limit flag on abund31
667- 671 F5.2 --- abund31 [-0.77/7.95]? Abundance in star D21
673- 678 F6.2 --- weight31 [0.44/54.2]? Line weight in star D21
680 A1 --- l_EW32 Upper limit flag on EW32
681- 685 F5.1 0.1pm EW32 [1.5/165.3]? Equivalent width in star S3880
687 A1 --- l_abund32 Upper limit flag on abund32
688- 692 F5.2 --- abund32 [-0.83/8.56]? Abundance in star S3880
694- 699 F6.2 --- weight32 [0.08/52.42]? Line weight in star S3880
701 A1 --- l_EW33 Upper limit flag on EW33
702- 706 F5.1 0.1pm EW33 [1.0/162.6]? Equivalent width in star S4038
708 A1 --- l_abund33 Upper limit flag on abund33
709- 713 F5.2 --- abund33 [-0.87/8.27]? Abundance in star S4038
715- 720 F6.2 --- weight33 [0.3/43.01]? Line weight in star S4038
722 A1 --- l_EW34 Upper limit flag on EW34
723- 727 F5.1 0.1pm EW34 [1/123.3]? Equivalent width in star S61
729 A1 --- l_abund34 Upper limit flag on abund34
730- 734 F5.2 --- abund34 [-0.97/8.13]? Abundance in star S61
736- 741 F6.2 --- weight34 [0.17/51.38]? Line weight in star S61
743 A1 --- l_EW35 Upper limit flag on EW35
744- 748 F5.1 0.1pm EW35 [2.2/138.7]? Equivalent width in star S162
750 A1 --- l_abund35 Upper limit flag on abund35
751- 755 F5.2 --- abund35 [-0.74/9.01]? Abundance in star S162
757- 762 F6.2 --- weight35 [0.15/49]? Line weight in star S162
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table5.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 11 A11 --- Star Star
13 A1 --- f_Star [*] * = AGB star
15- 19 F5.2 --- [Fe1/H] [-2.71/-2.29] Metallicity (3)
21- 25 F5.2 --- deps/dlogRW [0/0.01] Slope of abundances, ε,
measured from Fe I lines vs logRW
27- 31 F5.2 --- deps/dEP [-0.07/0.01] Slope of abundances,
ε, measured from Fe I lines vs
Excitation Potential
33- 37 F5.2 --- depsFe [-0.22/0.07] Difference, mean iron
abundance between neutral (Fe I) and
singly ionized Fe lines (Fe II)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (3): The resulting value of [Fe/H] measured from FeI lines with
logRW<-4.5.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table6.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 11 A11 --- Star Star
13- 13 A1 --- f_Star [*] * = AGB star
15- 19 A5 --- El Element or feature
21- 22 A2 --- Ion State, I-neutral; II-singly ionized
24- 26 A3 --- syn Elements measured with spectral synthesis
28- 29 I2 --- Nl [0/53]? Number of lines used in the
abundance determinations
31- 31 A1 --- l_[X/Fe] Limit flag for [X/Fe]
33- 37 F5.2 [Sun] [X/Fe] [-3.36/2.79]? Abundances relative to Fe (1)
39- 42 F4.2 [Sun] e_[X/Fe] [0.03/0.43]? Uncertainty in [X/Fe]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): Fe I and Fe II are given as [Fe/H]. The other elements are
shown as ratios to iron ([X/Fe]). The neutral species are shown
relative to Fe I, and the ionized species are shown relative to Fe II.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 22-Jan-2026