J/ApJ/958/62 Superclusters from the WHL group & cluster cat. (Sankhyayan+, 2023)
Identification of superclusters and their properties in the Sloan Digital Sky
Survey using the WHL cluster catalog.
Sankhyayan S., Bagchi J., Tempel E., More S., Einasto M., Dabhade P.,
Raychaudhury S., Athreya R., Heinamaki P.
<Astrophys. J., 958, 62 (2023)>
=2023ApJ...958...62S 2023ApJ...958...62S
ADC_Keywords: Clusters, galaxy; Redshifts; Optical
Keywords: Superclusters ; Galaxy clusters ; Catalogs ;
Large-scale structure of the universe
Abstract:
Superclusters are the largest massive structures in the cosmic web, on
tens to hundreds of megaparsec scales. They are the largest assembly
of galaxy clusters in the Universe. Apart from a few detailed studies
of such structures, their evolutionary mechanism is still an open
question. In order to address and answer the relevant questions, a
statistically significant, large catalog of superclusters covering a
wide range of redshifts and sky areas is essential. Here, we present a
large catalog of 662 superclusters identified using a modified
friends-of-friends algorithm applied on the WHL (Wen-Han-Liu) cluster
catalog within a redshift range of 0.05≤z≤0.42. We name the most
massive supercluster at z∼0.25 as the Einasto Supercluster. We find
that the median mass of superclusters is ∼5.8x1015M☉ and the
median size ∼65Mpc. We find that the supercluster environment slightly
affects the growth of clusters. We compare the properties of the
observed superclusters with the mock superclusters extracted from the
Horizon Run 4 cosmological simulation. The properties of the
superclusters in the mocks and observations are in broad agreement. We
find that the density contrast of a supercluster is correlated with
its maximum extent with a power-law index, α~-2. The phase-space
distribution of mock superclusters shows that, on average, ∼90% of
part of a supercluster has a gravitational influence on its
constituents. We also show the mock halos' average number density and
peculiar velocity profiles in and around the superclusters.
Description:
We use the group and cluster catalog of Wen & Han (WH15; J/ApJ/807/178),
which is an updated version of Wen+ (2012; J/ApJS/199/34).
In this paper, we utilize the spectroscopic redshifts available in
SDSS DR12 for 89% of the groups and clusters listed in the WH15 catalog.
For the remaining 11% of groups and clusters, we rely on photometric
redshifts. Figure 1 shows the redshift distribution of WH15 groups and
clusters.
See Section 2.
The modified FoF (mFoF) algorithm with at least 10 member clusters
gives a total of 662 superclusters in the redshift range of
0.05≤z≤0.42. Apart from a few superclusters, which are rediscoveries
of previously known superclusters, most of the superclusters reported
here are newly discovered. See Section 5.
Throughout this paper, we have adopted the following cosmological
parameters: H0=72km/s/Mpc, Ωm=0.26, and
ΩΛ=0.74. RΔc is defined as the radius of a
spherical region within which the matter density is Δ times the
critical density (ρc) of the Universe. MΔc is the mass
within this spherical region of radius RΔc . So M500c denotes
the mass within a spherical region of radius R500c where the mass
density is 500 times the critical density of the Universe.
File Summary:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ReadMe 80 . This file
table1.dat 60 85686 Properties of the WHL clusters used in this work
table2.dat 67 662 Properties of the superclusters
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See also:
VII/4 : Abell and Zwicky Clusters of Galaxies (Abell+ 1974)
VII/86 : Groups of Galaxies. I. Nearby Groups (Huchra+ 1982)
VII/110 : Rich Clusters of Galaxies (Abell+ 1989)
V/147 : The SDSS Photometric Catalogue, Release 12 (Alam+, 2015)
V/154 : Sloan Digital Sky Surveys (SDSS), Release 16 (DR16) (Ahumada+, 2020)
J/A+AS/123/119 : The supercluster-void network. I. (Einasto+ 1997)
J/AJ/132/1275 : CIRS (Cluster Infall Regions in the SDSS). I. (Rines+, 2006)
J/A+A/462/811 : Superclusters of galaxies from 2dF (Einasto+, 2007)
J/A+A/539/A80 : SDSS DR7 superclusters. The catalogues (Liivamagi+, 2012)
J/ApJS/199/34 : Clusters of galaxies in SDSS-III (Wen+, 2012)
J/MNRAS/434/772 : Velocities in ZwCl2341.1+0000 field (Boschin+, 2013)
J/ApJ/767/15 : Hectospec Cluster Survey (HeCS) (Rines+, 2013)
J/MNRAS/445/4073 : Two catalogues of superclusters (Chow-Martinez+, 2014)
J/ApJ/807/178 : Newly rich galaxy clusters in SDSS-DR12 (Wen+, 2015)
J/MNRAS/497/466 : Groups in the Coma Supercluster (Seth+, 2020)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 16 A16 --- ID Cluster identifier as given in WH15
(Wen & Han 2015, J/ApJ/807/178;
<[WHL2012] JHHMMSS.s+DDMMSS> in Simbad)
18- 26 F9.5 deg RAdeg Right Ascension of the BCG (J2000)
28- 36 F9.5 deg DEdeg [-24/85] Declination of the BCG (J2000)
38- 43 F6.4 --- z [0.05/0.42] Redshift of the brightest
cluster galaxy (BCG)
45- 48 F4.2 Mpc R200c [0.4/3] Radius of sphere where matter
density is 200 times the critical density
50- 56 F7.4 10+14Msun M200c [0.02/45.8] Mass within a sphere of radius
R200c
58- 60 I3 --- SCl [0/662]?=0 Supercluster number
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table2.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 3 I3 --- SCl [1/662] Supercluster identification number
in our catalog
5- 12 F8.4 deg RAdeg Right ascension of the supercluster (J2000)
14- 21 F8.4 deg DEdeg [-20.3/66.7] Declination of the
supercluster (J2000)
23- 30 F8.4 deg RAGdeg Right ascension of the BCG in the most
massive member cluster (J2000)
32- 39 F8.4 deg DEGdeg [-19.6/66.9] Declination of the BCG in the
most massive member cluster (J2000)
41- 46 F6.4 --- z [0.06/0.42] Redshift of the supercluster
48- 53 F6.2 Mpc Size [28/169] Linear comoving size of the
supercluster
55- 61 F7.3 10+14Msun Mass [20/257.2] Total mass of the supercluster
63- 64 I2 --- Nmem [10/57] Number of member clusters
66- 67 I2 --- Nabell [0/10] Number of Abell clusters
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Acknowledgements:
Shishir Sankhyayan, shishir.sankhyayan(at)ut.ee
History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 23-Jan-2026