J/ApJ/960/29 Multiwavelength photometry of SN 2022xkq (Pearson+, 2024)
Strong carbon features and a red early color in the underluminous Type Ia
SN2022xkq.
Pearson J., Sand D.J., Lundqvist P., Galbany L., Andrews J.E.,
Bostroem K.A., Dong Y., Hoang E., Hosseinzadeh G., Janzen D.,
Jencson J.E., Lundquist M.J., Mehta D., Meza Retamal N., Shrestha M.,
Valenti S., Wyatt S., Anderson J.P., Ashall C., Auchettl K., Baron E.,
Blondin S., Burns C.R., Cai Y., Chen T.-W., Chomiuk L., Coulter D.A.,
Cross D., Davis K.W., de Jaeger T., DerKacy J.M., Desai D.D.,
Dimitriadis G., Do A., Farah J.R., Foley R.J., Gromadzki M.,
Gutierrez C.P., Haislip J., Gonzalez Hernandez J.I., Hinkle J.T.,
Hoogendam W.B., Howell D.A., Hoeflich P., Hsiao E., Huber M.E., Jha S.W.,
Jimenez Palau C., Kilpatrick C.D., Kouprianov V., Kumar S., Kwok L.A.,
Larison C., LeBaron N., Le Saux X., Lu J., McCully C., Mera Evans T.,
Milne P., Modjaz M., Morrell N., Muller-Bravo T.E., Newsome M.,
Nicholl M., Padilla Gonzalez E., Payne A.V., Pellegrino C., Phan K.,
Pineda-Garcia J., Piro A.L., Piscarreta L., Polin A., Reichart D.E.,
Rojas-Bravo C., Ryder S.D., Salmaso I., Schwab M., Shahbandeh M.,
Shappee B.J., Siebert M.R., Smith N., Strader J., Taggart K., Terreran G.,
Tinyanont S., Tucker M.A., Valerin G., Young D.R.
<Astrophys. J., 960, 29 (2024)>
=2024ApJ...960...29P 2024ApJ...960...29P
ADC_Keywords: Supernovae; Photometry, UBVRI; Photometry, ultraviolet
Keywords: Supernovae ; White dwarf stars ; Type Ia supernovae
Abstract:
We present optical, infrared, ultraviolet, and radio observations of
SN 2022xkq, an underluminous fast-declining Type Ia supernova (SN Ia)
in NGC 1784 (D∼31Mpc), from <1 to 180 days after explosion. The
high-cadence observations of SN 2022xkq, a photometrically
transitional and spectroscopically 91bg-like SN Ia, cover the first
days and weeks following explosion, which are critical to
distinguishing between explosion scenarios. The early light curve of
SN 2022xkq has a red early color and exhibits a flux excess that is
more prominent in redder bands; this is the first time such a feature
has been seen in a transitional/91bg-like SN Ia. We also present
92 optical and 19 near-infrared (NIR) spectra, beginning 0.4 days
after explosion in the optical and 2.6 days after explosion in the
NIR. SN 2022xkq exhibits a long-lived CI 1.0693µm feature that
persists until 5 days post-maximum. We also detect CIIλ6580 in
the pre-maximum optical spectra. These lines are evidence for unburnt
carbon that is difficult to reconcile with the double detonation of a
sub-Chandrasekhar mass white dwarf. No existing explosion model can
fully explain the photometric and spectroscopic data set of
SN_2022xkq, but the considerable breadth of the observations is ideal
for furthering our understanding of the processes that produce faint
SNe Ia.
Description:
SN 2022xkq was discovered by the Distance Less Than 40 Mpc survey
(DLT40) on 2022 October 13, 06:43:35 UTC (59865.28 MJD).
Following the discovery of SN 2022xkq, continued photometric
monitoring was done by two of DLT40's discovery telescopes, the
PROMPT5 0.4m telescope at the Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory
and the PROMPT-USASK 0.4m telescope at Sleaford Observatory.
Observations taken by these telescopes using a Clear or Open filter
are calibrated to the Sloan Digital Sky Survey r band.
Additionally, multiband BVgri photometry was taken at the Prompt5
telescope at a cadence of ∼6 observations per day until maximum light
and ∼2 per day for the next 40 days.
Further UBVgri photometry of SN 2022xkq was obtained using the
Sinistro cameras on Las Cumbres Observatory's robotic 1m telescopes,
located at the Siding Spring Observatory, the South African
Astronomical Observatory, and the Cerro Tololo Inter-American
Observatory as part of the Global Supernova Project (GSP)
collaboration.
We also include BV photometry obtained with the 0.8m Telescopi Joan
Oro (TJO) at the Montsec Observatory.
We also collect images with the 0.4m Ritchey-Chretien Super Light
Telescope (SLT) at the Lulin Observatory, Taiwan, as part of the
Kinder project (Chen+ 2021TNSAN..92....1C 2021TNSAN..92....1C).
Additionally, we include photometric observations in gri bands taken
with the Swope 1m optical telescope at Las Campanas Observatory,
Chile, taken as part of the Swope Supernova Survey.
We include JHK photometry obtained with SOFI mounted on the European
Southern Observatory (ESO) 3.5m New Technology Telescope (NTT) at La
Silla Observatory, Omega2000 at the 3.5m Calar Alto telescope (CAHA),
and NOTCam at the 2.5m Nordic Optical Telescope (NOT).
We also include optical and ultraviolet (UV) photometry from our
high-cadence photometric follow-up campaign with the
Ultraviolet/Optical Telescope (UVOT) on the Neil Gehrels Swift
Observatory.
Objects:
----------------------------------------------------------
RA (ICRS) DE Designation(s)
----------------------------------------------------------
05 05 23.71 -11 52 56.1 SN 2022xkq = DLT 22r
----------------------------------------------------------
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
fig2.dat 47 1701 SN 2022xkq light curves
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See also:
J/AJ/128/16 : HIPASS Bright Galaxy Catalog (Koribalski+, 2004)
J/ApJ/659/122 : Improved distances to type Ia supernovae (Jha+, 2007)
J/ApJ/699/L139 : Spectral parameters of SNe Ia (Wang+, 2009)
J/AJ/139/120 : Low-redshift Type-Ia supernovae (Folatelli+, 2010)
J/MNRAS/412/1441 : SNe luminosity functions (Li+, 2011)
J/AJ/143/126 : Spectroscopy of 462 nearby Type Ia SNe (Blondin+, 2012)
J/ApJ/745/74 : Pre-maximum spectra of type Ia SNe (Folatelli+, 2012)
J/MNRAS/444/3258 : Velocities and EW of PTF SNe Ia (Maguire+, 2014)
J/MNRAS/438/L101 : First month on SN 2013ej (Valenti+, 2014)
J/MNRAS/446/3895 : The rising light curves of Type Ia SNe (Firth+, 2015)
J/A+A/578/A9 : Optical and NIR spectra of SN iPTF13ebh (Hsiao+, 2015)
J/MNRAS/451/1973 : Type Ia SNe high-velocity features (Silverman+, 2015)
J/A+A/579/A40 : PESSTO catalog (Smartt+, 2015)
J/AJ/152/50 : Cosmicflows-3 catalog (CF3) (Tully+, 2016)
J/MNRAS/459/3939 : Type II supernova light curves (Valenti+, 2016)
J/ApJ/869/56 : Updated calibration of CSP-I SNe Ia (Burns+, 2018)
J/A+A/611/A58 : SN 2007on and SN 2011iv light curves (Gall+, 2018)
J/ApJ/853/62 : Opt. and NIR sp. and LCs of SN2016ija (Tartaglia+, 2018)
J/ApJ/870/L1 : K2 obs. of type Ia SN 2018oh (Dimitriadis+, 2019)
J/A+A/630/A76 : SN2016hnk photometry and spectroscopy (Galbany+, 2019)
J/ApJ/870/13 : K2 LC analysis of ASASSN-18bt (Shappee+, 2019)
J/MNRAS/486/5785 : Type Ia supernova (Siebert+, 2019)
J/ApJ/902/48 : ZTF early obs. of type Ia supernovae. III. (Bulla+, 2020)
J/A+A/634/A37 : TURTLS LCs of 56Ni distributions (Magee+, 2020)
J/ApJ/898/56 : UVOT, ZTF gri LCs and sp. of SNIa 2019yvq (Miller+, 2020)
J/ApJ/902/47 : ZTF early obs. of type Ia SNe. II. (Miller+, 2020)
J/ApJ/897/159 : Type Ia SN 2019ein UBVgri phot. (Pellegrino+, 2020)
J/ApJ/902/46 : LCO network light curves of SN Ia 2018gv (Yang+, 2020)
J/A+A/649/A155 : Impact of core and shell masses on SNe Ia (Gronow+, 2021)
J/ApJ/923/L8 : Follow-up phot. & sp. of SNIa 2020hvf (Jiang+, 2021)
J/ApJ/922/21 : Type Ia SN 2020nlb opt. phot. & spectra (Sand+, 2021)
J/ApJ/914/57 : Follow-up Opt. & NIR obs. of SNIa SN2015bp (Wyatt+, 2021)
J/ApJ/934/102 : Follow-up LCO phot. & spectra of SN 2016dsg (Dong+, 2022)
J/ApJ/933/L45 : LCs and sp. of type Ia SN 2021aefx (Hosseinzadeh+, 2022)
J/ApJ/927/142 : Type Ia SN 2012ij opt. & NIR spectra (Li+, 2022)
J/ApJS/266/9 : Young Supernova Experiment (YSE) DR1 (Aleo+, 2023)
J/ApJ/956/108 : TESS 4yrs obs. of Type Ia supernovae (Fausnaugh+, 2023)
J/other/Nat/617.477 : SN 2020eyj optical photometry (Kool+, 2023)
J/ApJ/958/178 : SN 2022joj optical and UV phot. follow-up (Liu+, 2023)
J/ApJ/946/7 : BVI LCs and sp. of Type Ia SN 2018aoz (Ni+, 2023)
J/ApJ/943/L20 : Phot. obs. of SN 2022ilv & SN 2020hvf (Srivastav+, 2023)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: fig2.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 11 F11.5 d MJD [59861.2/60044.75] Modified Julian Date
13- 17 A5 --- Filt Filter identifier
19- 23 A5 --- l_mag [False/True ] Non detection flag (1)
25- 29 F5.2 mag mag [14.4/21.1] Apparent magnitude in Filt (1)
31- 35 F5.2 mag e_mag [0/0.4]?=-9.99 Uncertainty in mag (1)
37- 47 A11 --- r_mag Source of the mag (2)
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Note (1): A NonDet value of TRUE indicates a non detect and thus
the mag value is an upper limit and the uncertainty,
e_mag, is always -9.99 or null.
Note (2): Reference as follows:
ATLAS = Asteroid Terrestrial-impact Last Alert System.
CAHA = 3.5m Calar Alto telescope.
DLT40 = Distance Less Than 40 Mpc survey.
Las Cumbres = Las Cumbres Observatory's robotic 1m telescopes
NOT = 2.5m Nordic Optical Telescope.
NTT = 3.5m New Technology Telescope.
SLT = 0.4m Ritchey-Chretien Super Light Telescope.
Swift = Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory.
Swope = 1m Swope optical telescope.
TJO = 0.8m Telescopi Joan Oro.
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 05-Mar-2026