J/ApJ/960/58 M-type T Tauri stars with LAMOST DR8, Gaia & WISEA (Haerken+, 2024)
Discovery of two different full disk evolutionary patterns of M-type T Tauri
stars with LAMOST DR8.
Haerken H., Li G.-W., Li M., Duan F., Zhao Y.
<Astrophys. J., 960, 58 (2024)>
=2024ApJ...960...58H 2024ApJ...960...58H
ADC_Keywords: Stars, M-type; YSOs; Spectra, optical; Spectral types;
Infrared sources; Stars, ages; Stars, masses
Keywords: T Tauri stars ; Circumstellar disks ; Accretion
Abstract:
The full disk, full of gas and dust, determines the upper limit of
planet masses, and its lifetime is critical for planet formation,
especially for giant planets. In this work, we studied the
evolutionary timescales of the full disks of T Tauri stars (TTSs) and
their relations to accretion. Combined with Gaia EDR3, Two Micron All
Sky Survey, and Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer data,
1077 disk-bearing TTS candidates were found in LAMOST DR8, and stellar
parameters were obtained. Among them, 783 are newly classified by
spectra as classical T Tauri stars (CTTSs; 169) or weak-lined T Tauri
stars (WTTSs). Based on EW and FWHM of Hα, 157 TTSs in accretion
were identified, with ∼82% also having full disks. For TTSs with
M<0.35M☉, about 80% seem to already lose their full disks at
∼0.1Myr, which may explain their lower mass, while the remaining 20%
with full disks evolve at similar rates of non-full disks within 5Myr,
allowing enough time and material to form giant planets. The fraction
of accreting TTSs to disk-bearing TTSs is stable at ∼10% and can last
∼5-10Myr, suggesting that full disks and accretion evolve with similar
rates as non-full disks. For TTSs with M>0.35M☉, almost all full
disks can survive more than 0.1Myr, most for 1 Myr and some even for
20Myr. For TTSs with M>0.35M☉, almost all full disks can survive
more than 0.1Myr, most for 1Myr, and some even for 20Myr, which
implies planets are more likely to be formed in their disks than those
of M<0.35M☉, and thus M dwarfs with M>0.35M☉ can have more
planets. The fraction of full-disk TTSs to disk-bearing TTSs decreases
with age following the relation f∝t-0.35, and similar
relations existed in the fraction of accreting TTSs and the fraction
of full-disk CTTSs, suggesting faster full disks and accretion
evolution than non-full disks. For full-disk stars, the ratio of
accretion of lower-mass stars is systematically lower than that of
higher-mass stars, confirming the dependence of accretion on stellar
mass, which may be reflective of an observational bias in the
detection of accretion levels, with the lower-mass stars crossing
below the detection threshold earlier than higher-mass stars.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table1.dat 190 1077 M-type T Tauri stars (TTS) catalog
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See also:
II/246 : 2MASS All-Sky Catalog of Point Sources (Cutri+ 2003)
II/328 : AllWISE Data Release (Cutri+ 2013)
II/360 : Gaia DR2 x AllWISE catalogue (Marton+, 2019)
I/350 : Gaia EDR3 (Gaia Collaboration, 2020)
I/355 : Gaia DR3 Part 1. Main source (Gaia Collaboration, 2022)
V/162 : LAMOST DR11 catalogs (Luo+, 2026)
J/A+A/327/1039 : Structure and evolution of low-mass stars (Chabrier+ 1997)
J/AJ/117/354 : OB associations from Hipparcos (de Zeeuw+, 1999)
J/AJ/128/805 : LM stars in the Cepheus OB2 region (Sicilia-Aguilar+ 2004)
J/A+A/504/461 : YSOs in L1630N and L1641 (Fang+, 2009)
J/ApJS/190/100 : NIR proper motion survey using 2MASS (Kirkpatrick+, 2010)
J/ApJS/186/111 : Spitzer observations of Taurus members (Luhman+, 2010)
J/ApJ/745/19 : Binary systems in Taurus-Auriga (Kraus+, 2012)
J/ApJ/758/31 : IR photometry for members of Upper Sco (Luhman+, 2012)
J/ApJ/784/126 : IR photometry of all known members in Taurus (Esplin+, 2014)
J/ApJ/786/97 : Photospheric properties of T Tauri stars (Herczeg+, 2014)
J/ApJ/786/29 : Catalog of distances to molecular clouds (Schlafly+, 2014)
J/AJ/150/95 : Masses and ages of YSOs in Per OB2 (Azimlu+, 2015)
J/ApJ/827/142 : ALMA obs. of GKM stars in Upper Sco (Barenfeld+, 2016)
J/MNRAS/461/794 : Scorpius-Centaurus K-Type Stars (Pecaut+, 2016)
J/AJ/153/240 : ALMA survey of protopl. disks in sigma Ori (Ansdell+, 2017)
J/AJ/153/188 : Spectroscopy of the foreground pop. in Orion A (Fang+, 2017)
J/AJ/156/75 : Circumstellar disks in the Upper Sco assoc. (Esplin+, 2018)
J/ApJ/869/72 : IN-SYNC. VIII. YSOs in NGC1333, IC348 & Orion A (Yao+, 2018)
J/MNRAS/486/4590 : 139 high-amplitude variable stars (Contreras+, 2019)
J/other/Sci/365.1441 : GJ 3512 radial velocity & light curves (Morales+, 2019)
J/A+A/629/A67 : T Tauri in NGC 2264 cluster (Sousa+, 2019)
J/A+A/642/A115 : CARMENES input catalogue of M dwarfs. V. (Cifuentes+, 2020)
J/ApJ/900/14 : Runaways stars from the Orion Nebula Cluster (Farias+, 2020)
J/MNRAS/495/3104 : Runaway and walkaway stars from the ONC (Schoettler+, 2020)
J/A+A/633/A51 : Distances to molecular clouds in SFR (Zucker+, 2020)
J/ApJS/256/46 : Dist. & color excesses of high gal. mol. clouds (Sun+, 2021)
J/AJ/163/25 : Circumstellar disk pop. in Sco-Cen complex (Luhman, 2022)
J/AJ/163/24 : Stellar populations in the Sco-Cen complex (Luhman, 2022)
J/A+A/663/A48 : Two Saturn-mass planets around M dwarfs (Quirrenbach+, 2022)
J/AJ/163/74 : A census of the low accretors. I. (Thanathibodee+, 2022)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 4 I4 --- Seq [1/1077] Sequential running number
6- 14 I9 --- LAMOST [502225/797212075] LAMOST Observation
Identifier (obsid)
16- 34 I19 --- Gaia Gaia EDR3 identifier
36- 54 A19 --- WISEA ALLWISE position-based designation
56- 65 F10.6 deg RAdeg [35.86/102.01] LAMOST Right Ascension (J2000)
67- 75 F9.6 deg DEdeg [-7.3/39.6] LAMOST Declination (J2000)
77- 86 F10.6 deg GLON [145.5/210.4] Galactic longitude
88- 97 F10.6 deg GLAT [-38.2/3.8] Galactic latitude
99- 102 I4 K Teff [2862/3999] Surface Effective Temperature (1)
104- 107 F4.2 [cm/s2] logg [2/4.75] Log of surface gravity (1)
109 A1 --- l_logAge1 Limit on logAge1
110- 113 F4.2 [yr] logAge1 [4/8] PARSEC-based, log of Age (2)
115- 118 F4.2 Msun Mstar1 [0.1/0.8] PARSEC-based Mass (2)
120- 121 A2 --- SpT Spectral Type
123- 128 F6.2 0.1nm EWHa [5/209] Equivalent width, Hα, Angstroms
130- 133 F4.2 0.1nm FWHM [2.57/9.9] Full-width at Half max, Hα
135- 136 A2 --- LiI [-NY? ] LiI in Medium-resolution spectra? (3)
138 A1 --- TTS [WC] TTS Type (4)
140 A1 --- Acc [-Y] Y = Accretion detected (157 occurrences)
142 A1 --- Disk [-Y] Y = Full disk detected (238 occurrences)
144 A1 --- New [-Y] Y = Newly spectrally identified TTS
(783 occurrences)
146- 150 F5.2 mag E(Ks-W3) [-1.9/5.71]? Color excess, Ks-W3
152- 156 F5.2 mag E(Ks-W4) [-0.07/9.1]? Color excess, Ks-W4
158- 161 F4.2 mag Ks-W2 [0.07/2.9] Color, Ks-W2
163- 167 F5.2 mas plx [1/13.2] Gaia EDR3 parallax
169 A1 --- l_logAge2 [<?] Limit flag on logAge2 (5)
170- 173 F4.2 [yr] logAge2 [5/8] MIST-based, log of Age (5)
175 A1 --- l_Mstar2 [<] Limit flag on Mstar2 (5)
176- 179 F4.2 Msun Mstar2 [0.1/0.8] MIST-based Mass (5)
181- 190 A10 --- Region Region (6)
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Note (1): Calculated using the PHOENIX templates (Husser+ 2013A&A...553A...6H 2013A&A...553A...6H).
Note (2): Calculated using PARSEC evolutionary model, version 1.2S;
Bressan et al. 2012MNRAS.427..127B 2012MNRAS.427..127B; Chen et al. 2014MNRAS.444.2525C 2014MNRAS.444.2525C;
Tang et al. 2014MNRAS.445.4287T 2014MNRAS.445.4287T
Note (3): Li I absorption in medium-resolution spectra as follows:
Y = Obvious Li I absorption line;
N = No Li I absorption line;
Y? = Cannot be determined because of the low SNR;
- = There is no medium-resolution spectrum.
Note (4): TTS type is given according to Fang+ 2009, J/A+A/504/461 as follows:
C = classical T Tauri stars (CTTSs; 308 occurrences)
W = weak-lined T Tauri stars (WTTSs; 769 occurrences)
Note (5): Calculated using MIST model, Choi+ 2016ApJ...823..102C 2016ApJ...823..102C
The data with "?" denotes an approximate estimate of the age of stars
that are beyond the MIST track.
Note (6): Region as follows:
California = California (6 occurrences)
Cas-Tau = Cassiopeia-Taurus OB association (166 occurrences)
L1616 = LDN 1616 (53 occurrences)
MBM = MBM molecular cloud (70 occurrences)
MonOB1 = Monoceros OB1 (16 occurrences)
MonOB1? = (1 occurrence)
Orion = Orion complex (500 occurrences)
Perseus = Perseus (185 occurrences)
Perseus? = (2 occurrences)
Taurus = Taurus (78 occurrences)
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 06-Mar-2026