J/ApJ/960/88 Ground-based & JWST obs. of SN 2022pul. I. (Siebert+, 2024)
Ground-based and JWST observations of SN 2022pul.
I. Unusual signatures of carbon, oxygen, and circumstellar interaction in a
peculiar Type Ia supernova.
Siebert M.R., Kwok L.A., Johansson J., Jha S.W., Blondin S., Dessart L.,
Foley R.J., Hillier D.J., Larison C., Pakmor R., Temim T., Andrews J.E.,
Auchettl K., Badenes C., Barna B., Bostroem K.A., Brenner Newman M.J.,
Brink T.G., Bustamante-Rosell M.J., Camacho-Neves Y., Clocchiatti A.,
Coulter D.A., Davis K.W., Deckers M., Dimitriadis G., Dong Y., Farah J.,
Filippenko A.V., Flors A., Fox O.D., Garnavich P., Padilla Gonzalez E.,
Graur Or, Hambsch F.-J., Hosseinzadeh G., Howell D.A., Hughes J.P.,
Kerzendorf W.E., Le Saux X.K., Maeda K., Maguire K., McCully C.,
Mihalenko C., Newsome M., O'Brien J.T., Pearson J., Pellegrino C.,
Pierel J.D.R., Polin A., Rest A., Rojas-Bravo C., Sand D.J., Schwab M.,
Shahbandeh M., Shrestha M., Smith N., Strolger L.-G., Szalai T.,
Taggart K., Terreran G., Terwel J.H., Tinyanont S., Valenti S., Vinko J.,
Wheeler J.C., Yang Yi, Zheng W., Ashall C., DerKacy J.M., Galbany L.,
Hoeflich P., Hsiao E., de Jaeger T., Lu J., Maund J., Medler K.,
Morrell N., Shappee B.J., Stritzinger M., Suntzeff N., Tucker M., Wang L.
<Astrophys. J., 960, 88 (2024)>
=2024ApJ...960...88S 2024ApJ...960...88S
ADC_Keywords: Supernovae; Photometry; Spectra, optical; Spectra, infrared
Keywords: Supernovae ; Observational astronomy ; White dwarf stars ;
Type Ia supernovae
Abstract:
Nebular-phase observations of peculiar Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia)
provide important constraints on progenitor scenarios and explosion
dynamics for both these rare SNe and the more common, cosmologically
useful SNe Ia. We present observations from an extensive ground- and
space-based follow-up campaign to characterize SN 2022pul, a
super-Chandrasekhar mass SN Ia (alternatively "03fg-like" SN), from
before peak brightness to well into the nebular phase across optical
to mid-infrared (MIR) wavelengths. The early rise of the light curve
is atypical, exhibiting two distinct components, consistent with SN Ia
ejecta interacting with dense carbon-oxygen (C/O)-rich circumstellar
material (CSM). In the optical, SN 2022pul is most similar to
SN2012dn, having a low estimated peak luminosity (MB=-18.9mag) and
high photospheric velocity relative to other 03fg-like SNe. In the
nebular phase, SN 2022pul adds to the increasing diversity of the
03fg-like subclass. From 168 to 336 days after peak B-band brightness,
SN 2022pul exhibits asymmetric and narrow emission from
[OI]λλ6300,6364 (FWHM∼2000km/s), strong, broad emission
from [CaII]λλ7291,7323 (FWHM∼7300km/s), and a rapid
FeIII to FeII ionization change. Finally, we present the first ever
optical-to-MIR nebular spectrum of an 03fg-like SN Ia using data from
JWST. In the MIR, strong lines of neon and argon, weak emission from
stable nickel, and strong thermal dust emission (with T∼500K),
combined with prominent [OI] in the optical, suggest that SN 2022pul
was produced by a white dwarf merger within C/O-rich CSM.
Description:
We first gathered photometric observations of SN 2022pul through our
own collaborations. This includes data obtained with the Sinistro
cameras of the Las Cumbres Observatory (LCO) network of 1m telescopes
through the Global Supernova Project.
We then obtained additional photometry from public databases. These
sources include ASAS-SN, forced photometry from the Asteroid
Terrestrial impact Last Alert System (ATLAS) in the cyan and orange
bands, the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF), and the American
Association of Variable Star Observers (AAVSO; Observations from the
AAVSO International Database). ZTF photometry was obtained with the
wide-field camera on the 1.2m Samuel Oschin (P48) Telescope in g and r
filters. AAVSO photometry was obtained by the Remote Observatory
Atacama Desert, which consists of a 0.4m f/6.8 optical Dall-Kirkham
telescope with an FLI ML16803 CCD and Astrodon photometric BVRI
filters.
Our data range from ∼0.4 to 350 days after explosion.
See Section 2.1.
Our spectroscopic observations of SN 2022pul (listed in the Appendix
in Table 3) cover a range from -17 to +336 days relative to peak
B-band brightness.
We used the following ground-based telescopes and instruments to
collect our spectroscopic sequence: the Wide-Field Spectrograph
(WiFeS) on the Australian National University (ANU) 2.3m telescope at
the Siding Spring Observatory, the Kast spectrograph on the Shane 3m
telescope at Lick Observatory, the Echellette Spectrograph and Imager
(ESI) mounted on the 10m Keck II telescope at the W. M. Keck
Observatory, the Near-Infrared Echellette Spectrometer (NIRES) also on
the Keck II telescope, the DEep Imaging Multi-Object Spectrograph
(DEIMOS) also on the Keck II telescope, the Faint Object Camera And
Spectrograph (FOCAS) on the Subaru telescope, the Inamori-Magellan
Areal Camera and Spectrograph (IMACS) on the Magellan Baade Telescope,
the Goodman High Throughput Spectrograph on the 4.1m Southern
Astrophysical Research (SOAR) telescope, the Robert Stobie
Spectrograph (RSS) on the Southern African Large Telescope (SALT), the
Binospec imaging spectrograph on the MMT, and the Optical System for
Imaging and low-Intermediate-Resolution Integrated Spectroscopy
(OSIRIS) instrument mounted to the 10.4m Gran Telescopio Canarias
(GTC) at the Observatorio del Roque de Los Muchachos in La Palma.
See Section 2.3.
We observed SN 2022pul in the nebular phase on 2023 June 29 at
338 rest-frame days post-explosion with JWST, using both the NIRSpec
in the fixed-slits (FS) spectroscopy mode and MIRI in the
low-resolution spectroscopy (LRS) mode. These data were obtained from
the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes (MAST) at the Space
Telescope Science Institute. The specific observations analyzed can be
accessed via doi: 10.17909/9293-cs53.
See Section 2.4.
The spectra are available on WISeREP. If making use of this database
in your research, please cite: 2012PASP..124..668Y 2012PASP..124..668Y and acknowledge
WISeREP - https://www.wiserep.org
Objects:
----------------------------------------------------------
RA (ICRS) DE Designation(s)
----------------------------------------------------------
12 26 48.84 +08 26 55.3 SN 2022pul = SN 2022pul
----------------------------------------------------------
File Summary:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ReadMe 80 . This file
table2.dat 31 686 Log of ground-based photometry of SN 2022pul
table3.dat 101 28 Log of spectroscopic observations of SN 2022pul
sp/* . 29 Individual spectra in ASCII format from WISeREP
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See also:
II/282 : The SDSS Photometric Catalog, Release 6 (Adelman-McCarthy+, 2007)
J/MNRAS/410/585 : SN 2009dc BVRI light curves (Silverman+, 2011)
J/MNRAS/425/1789 : Berkeley supernova Ia program. I. (Silverman+, 2012)
J/AJ/146/86 : Cosmicflows-2 catalog (Tully+, 2013)
J/ApJ/788/48 : X-ray through NIR photometry of NGC 2617 (Shappee+, 2014)
J/MNRAS/459/3939 : Type II supernova light curves (Valenti+, 2016)
J/A+A/621/A60 : Bright nearby elliptical gal. Xshooter sp. (Francois+, 2019)
J/ApJ/900/140 : CSP-II: sp. of the 03fg-like SN Ia LSQ14fmg (Hsiao+, 2020)
J/ApJ/896/165 : Optical light curves of SN 2016hnk (Jacobson-Galan+, 2020)
J/MNRAS/494/4426 : Effect of host galaxies on SN luminosity (Smith+, 2020)
J/ApJ/923/L8 : Follow-up phot. & sp. of SNIa 2020hvf (Jiang+, 2021)
J/ApJ/927/78 : Follow-up of type Ia SN2020esm (Dimitriadis+, 2022)
J/ApJ/938/L22 : UV & opt. phot. & spectra of Type Ia SN2011aa (Dutta+, 2022)
J/ApJ/926/L25 : New LBT/MODS spectra of type Ia SN 2011fe (Tucker+, 2022)
J/ApJ/958/173 : Kast and LRIS spectra of SNIa SN 2020hvf (Siebert+, 2023)
J/ApJ/943/L20 : Phot. obs. of SN 2022ilv and SN 2020hvf (Srivastav+, 2023)
http://www.wiserep.org/ : WISeREP homepage
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table2.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 7 A7 --- Source Data source identifier (1)
9- 18 F10.4 d MJD [59786.7/60133.1] Modified Julian Date
20- 20 A1 --- Filt Filter used (B,V,R,I,g,r,i,c or o)
22- 26 F5.2 mag mag [11.9/19.91] Apparent magnitude in Filter
28- 31 F4.2 mag e_mag [0/0.2] Uncertainty in mag
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Note (1): Source as follows:
ATLAS = Asteroid Terrestrial impact Last Alert System (335 occurrences)
AAVSO = American Association of Variable Star Observers (101 occurrences)
ZTF = Zwicky Transient Facility (89 occurrences)
ASAS-SN = All-Sky Automated Survey for Supernovae (81 occurrences)
LCO/GSP = Las Cumbres Observatory/Global Supernova Project (79 occurrences)
CBAT = Central Bureau for Astronomical Telegrams (1 occurrence)
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table3.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 8 A8 --- Tel Telescope
10- 17 A8 --- Inst Instrument
19- 25 F7.1 d MJD [59790.4/60144.2] Modified Julian Date
27- 30 I4 d Phase [-17/336] Phase
32- 36 I5 0.1nm lam1 Wavelength lower range in Angstrom
37 A1 --- --- [-]
38- 43 I6 0.1nm lam2 Wavelength upper range in Angstrom
45-101 A57 --- File Name of the spectrum in subdirectory "sp";
column added by CDS
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
History:
From electronic version of the journal for Tables 2 and 3.
Spectra downloaded on WISeREP at:
https://www.wiserep.org/object/21201
References:
Siebert et al. Paper I. 2024ApJ...960...88S 2024ApJ...960...88S This catalog
Kwok et al. Paper II. 2024ApJ...966..135K 2024ApJ...966..135K
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 13-Mar-2026